Background
Research design and methods
Study design and population
Endpoint definitions and follow-up
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline features
Baseline clinical characteristics | Study population (n = 147) |
---|---|
Age, years | 71 (65–77) |
Female | 28 (19) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.7 (25.8–31.8) |
Hypertension | 133 (91) |
Dyslipidemia | 123 (83.7) |
Chronic kidney disease | 21 (14.3) |
Peripheral artery disease | 31 (21.1) |
Atrial fibrillation | 20 (13.6) |
Moderate COPD | 6 (4.1) |
Mild to moderate liver disease | 3 (2) |
Anemia | 39 (26.5) |
History of smoking | 74 (50.3) |
Current smoker | 43 (29.3) |
Previous myocardial infarction | 39 (26.5) |
Previous CABG | 21 (14.3) |
Previous PCI | 63 (42.9) |
Previous stroke | 14 (9.5) |
LVEF, % | 55 (52–60) |
Clinical presentation | |
Silent ischemia | 53 (36.1) |
Stable angina | 67 (45.6.9) |
Unstable angina | 8 (5.4) |
NSTEMI | 10 (6.8) |
Planned cardiac surgery | 7 (4.8) |
NYHA classification | |
I | 77 (54.6) |
II | 50 (35.5) |
III | 14 (9.9) |
Glycated Hemoglobin, % | 6.8 (6.3–7.7) |
Medical treatment | |
Metformin daily dosage, mg | 1700 (1000–2000) |
Hypoglycemic therapy | |
Insulin | 23 (15.6) |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 32 (21.8) |
GLP1 analogues | 14 (9.5) |
DPP-4 inhibitors | 28 (19.1) |
Sulphonylureas | 15 (10.2) |
Thiazolindiones | 7 (4.7) |
Statins | 123 (83.7) |
High-potency and high dosage statin | 59 (40.1) |
ACE inhibitors or ARB | 113 (76.9) |
MRAs | 19 (12.9) |
Loop diuretics | 27 (18.4) |
Thiazide diuretics | 28 (19.1) |
Procedural features | |
Access | |
Transradial | 132 (89.8) |
Femoral | 13 (8.8) |
Brachial | 1 (0.7) |
Ulnar | 1 (0.7) |
PCI | 85 (57.8) |
Bypass angiography | 7 (4.8) |
Contrast media amount, ml | 90 (50–135) |
Hydration | |
Pre-procedural hydration | 93 (63.3) |
Pre-procedural hydration amount, ml | 160 (0–500) |
Post-procedural hydration | 127 (86.4) |
Post-procedural hydration amount, ml | 500 (250–1000) |
Procedural features
Pre-procedural, median (IQR) | 72-h, median (IQR) | |
---|---|---|
Lactate, mmol/l | 1.8 (1.3–2.3) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) |
Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.89 (0.76–1.07) | 0.89 (0.77–1.11) |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 79 (65–97) | 79 (62–96) |
Urea, mg/dl | 38 (33–48) | 39 (31–48) |
Glycemia, mg/dl | 131 (114–154) | 132 (113–154) |
Outcomes
Postprocedural lactate levels
Clinical outcomes
Clinical outcome | N (%) |
---|---|
M-ALA | 0 (0) |
CA-AKI | 9 (6.1) |
All-cause death | 2 (1.4) |
In-hospital death | 0 (0) |
Cardiac death | 0 (0) |
MI | 1 (0.7) |
Definite or probable ST | 1 (0.7) |
Any revascularization | 5 (3.5) |
Stroke | 2 (1.5) |
Any rehospitalization | 14 (9.5) |
Any bleeding | 5 (3.4) |
Conclusions
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In diabetic patients without high-risk features for metformin accumulation, metformin continuation before and after coronary angiography with or without PCI resulted in similar preprocedural and 72-h lactate levels.
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The risk of CA-AKI was low, and no patients required hemodialysis during the index hospitalization or at mid-term follow-up.