Background
Methods
Protocol
Eligibility criteria
Literature search
Screening
Data items
Methodological quality appraisal
Synthesis
Results
Literature search
Systematic review characteristics
Characteristic
|
Number of systematic reviews (n = 99)
|
Percentage of systematic reviews
|
---|---|---|
Year
| ||
1997–1999 | 6 | 6.1 |
2000–2002 | 9 | 9.1 |
2003–2005 | 15 | 15.2 |
2006–2008 | 21 | 21.2 |
2009–2011 | 36 | 36.4 |
2012 | 12 | 12.1 |
Country of conduct
| ||
Europe (38 of these are from the United Kingdom) | 65 | 65.7 |
North America | 19 | 19.2 |
Australasia (Australia, New Zealand) | 7 | 7.1 |
Asia (Malaysia, China, Taiwan, India) | 6 | 6.1 |
South America | 2 | 2.0 |
Number of studies included
| ||
0–1 | 3 | 3.0 |
2–10 | 53 | 53.5 |
11–20 | 16 | 16.2 |
21–30 | 10 | 10.1 |
31–40 | 6 | 6.1 |
41–100 | 8 | 8.1 |
>100 | 3 | 3.0 |
Study designs included
*
| ||
Randomized clinical trials | 93 | 70.5 |
Observational studies | ||
Non-randomized clinical trials | 20 | 15.2 |
Controlled before-after studies, interrupted | 17 | 12.9 |
Time series | 2 | 1.5 |
Patient population
| ||
Not specifically reported | 65 | 65.7 |
Diabetes | 21 | 21.2 |
Chronic venous disease | 4 | 4.0 |
Complex lower limb wounds | 4 | 4.0 |
Inpatients/institutionalized | 3 | 3.0 |
Ambulatory patients | 1 | 1.0 |
Elderly | 1 | 1.0 |
Type of wound
*
| ||
Venous leg ulcers | 36 | 31.3 |
Diabetic foot/leg ulcers | 26 | 22.6 |
Pressure ulcers | 20 | 17.4 |
Mixed arterial/venous leg ulcers | 16 | 13.9 |
Mixed complex wound unspecified | 10 | 8.7 |
Infected surgical wounds | 7 | 7.0 |
Interventions examined
*
| ||
Adjuvant | 33 | 20.3 |
Dressings | 26 | 16.0 |
Biologics | 16 | 9.8 |
Other topical | 14 | 8.6 |
Other oral | 11 | 6.8 |
Stockings | 10 | 6.1 |
Support surfaces | 10 | 6.1 |
Wound cleansing | 10 | 6.1 |
Skin replacement | 9 | 5.5 |
Bandages | 7 | 4.3 |
Surgery | 7 | 4.3 |
Nutritional supplementation | 4 | 2.5 |
Wound care program | 4 | 2.5 |
Complementary and alternative medicine | 2 | 1.2 |
Comparators examined
*
| ||
Usual care | 63 | 45.7 |
Dressings | 34 | 24.6 |
Bandages | 8 | 5.8 |
Not reported | 8 | 5.8 |
Support surfaces | 7 | 5.1 |
Other topical | 5 | 3.6 |
Wound cleansing | 5 | 3.6 |
Stockings | 4 | 2.9 |
Other oral | 2 | 1.5 |
All other treatments | 1 | 0.7 |
Skin replacement | 1 | 0.7 |
Number of treatment comparisons per outcome
| ||
Systematic reviews with a meta-analysis
| n = 143 comparisons | % |
Wound area/size reduction | 10 | 7.0 |
Time to healing or rate of healing | 10 | 7.0 |
Ulcer healing | 20 | 14.0 |
Proportion of patients with healed wounds | 97 | 67.8 |
No healing improvement | 5 | 3.5 |
Length of hospitalization | 1 | 0.7 |
Systematic reviews without a meta-analysis
| n = 184 comparisons | % |
Wound area/size reduction | 18 | 9.8 |
Time to healing or rate of healing | 53 | 28.8 |
Ulcer healing | 92 | 50.0 |
Proportion of patients with healed wounds | 21 | 11.4 |
Study and patient characteristics
Outcome
|
Intervention
|
Systematic reviews with MA
|
Systematic reviews without MA
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-quality*
|
Low/moderate quality
|
High-quality**
|
Low/moderate quality
| ||
Wound size reduction
| Cadexomer iodine (topical) | + | NA | NA | NA |
Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) (oral) | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Time to healing or rate of healing
non-MAs: 1 [77]) | Four-layer bandage | + | NA | NA | NA |
MPFF (oral) | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Stockings | NA | + | NA | +/− | |
Silver-impregnated dressings | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Applied freeze-dried keratinocyte lysate (topical) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Collagenase (topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Compression stockings | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Flavonoids + compression | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Intermittent pneumatic compression + compression | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Larval therapy | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Laser therapy | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Leg ulcer clinics, wound care program | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Multi-layer elastomeric high-compression | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Platelet-derived growth factor (oral) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Rutosides (oral) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Semi-occlusive dressings: foam, film, hyaluronic acid-derived dressings, collagen, cellulose, or alginate | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Stockings: multi-layer elastic system, multi-layer elastomeric (or non-elastomeric) high-compression regimens | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Sulodexide (oral) + compression | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Thromboxane α2 antagonists (oral) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Topical negative pressure (vacuum-assisted closure) | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Ultrasound | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Ulcer healing
| Elastic high compression bandages | + | NA | NA | + |
Cryopreserved allografts (Skin grafting) | NA | – | NA | +/− | |
Cultured keratinocytes/epidermal grafts (Skin grafting) | NA | – | NA | +/− | |
Fresh allografts (Skin grafting) | NA | – | NA | +/− | |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (topical) | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Pentoxifylline (oral) | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Stockings | NA | + | NA | ||
Tissue engineered skin | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Electromagnetic therapy | NA | NA | + | NA | |
Hydrocolloid (occlusive) dressings + compression | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Intermittent pneumatic compression (Flowtron, sequential gradient Jobst extremity pump) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Maggot debridement therapy | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Mesoglycan (topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Superficial venous surgery | NA | NA | + | NA | |
Proportion of patients with healed wounds
| Four-layer bandage | – | NA | ||
Any laser (unspecified low level laser, ultraviolet therapy, non-coherent unpolarized red light) | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Artificial skin graft and standard wound care | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Autologous platelet-rich plasma (topical) | NA | – | NA | – | |
Cadexomer iodine (topical) plus compression therapy | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Systemic ciprofloxacin (oral) | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Skin replacement therapy (Dermagraft) | NA | + | NA | + | |
Elastic high compression bandages | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Foam dressing | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (perilesional injection) | NA | + | NA | + | |
High frequency ultrasound | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Honey (topical) | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Hydrocolloid dressings | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Hydrogel dressing | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Intermittent pneumatic compression stockings | +/− | – | NA | NA | |
Low frequency ultrasound | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Multi-layer high compression bandages | +/− | NA | NA | + | |
Pentoxifylline (oral) with and without compression | + | NA | NA | + | |
Stockings | + | NA | NA | +/− | |
Two-component (outer elastic) bandages | +/− | NA | NA | NA | |
Ultrasound | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Unna’s boot | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Zinc (oral) | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Antimicrobial (topical) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (topical) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Prostaglandin EI (IV) | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Superficial vein surgery | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Systemic mesoglycan (IM, oral) + compression | NA | NA | NA | + |
Outcome
|
Intervention
|
Systematic reviews with MA
|
Systematic reviews without MA
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-quality*
|
Low/moderate quality
|
High-quality**
|
Low/moderate quality
| ||
Wound area/size reduction
| Silver treatments (topical) and silver-impregnated dressings | NA | +/− | NA | NA |
Ultrasound | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Ulcer healing
| Antimicrobial (topical and oral) | NA | NA | NA | – |
Electromagnetic therapy | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Honey (topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Ketanserin ointment, 2% (topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Standardized wound treatment protocol | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Silver releasing dressing | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Time to healing or rate of healing
| Topical negative pressure | NA | + | NA | NA |
Four-layer bandage | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (oral) | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (oral) | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Polyurethane (dressing) | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Alginate (beads, paste + dressing, alginate dressing) | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Proportion of patients with healed wounds
| Silver dressings (topical or impregnated) | NA | – | NA | NA |
Topical negative pressure | NA | + | NA | NA |
Outcome
|
Intervention
|
Systematic reviews with MA
|
Systematic reviews without MA
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-quality*
|
Low/moderate quality
|
High-quality**
|
Low/moderate quality
| ||
Wound area/size reduction
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (systemic + usual care) | NA | NA | NA | – |
Stem cell therapy | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Time to healing or rate of healing
(MAs: NA; non-MAs: 3) | Human skin equivalent | NA | NA | NA | + |
Human cultured dermis | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Laser therapy and complex intervention | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Platelet derived growth factors (topical) | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Pressure off-loading, felted foam | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Pressure off-loading, total contact or non-removable cast | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Stem cell therapy | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Skin grafts | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Topical negative pressure | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Ulcer healing
| Chinese herbal medicine + standard therapy | NA | + | NA | NA |
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (SC, IV) + antibiotics (oral, IV) | +/− | – | NA | +/− | |
Alginate, foam, hydrogel, hydrocolloid dressings | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Alginate, hydrogel, hydrocellulose, semi-permeable membrane dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (oral), ofloxacin, imipenem/cilastatin, ampicillin/sulbactam (IV) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Antibiotics, choice based on bone biopsy (IV, oral) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Ayurvedic preparations (oral + topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Clindamycin, fluoroquinolone, rifampicin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (oral, topical) +/− surgical intervention | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Compression | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Cultured human dermis | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Dressings + debridement (hydrogel) | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Early surgical intervention + antibiotics | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Electrical stimulation | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Endovascular or open bypass revascularization surgery of an ulcerated foot | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Foot care clinic interventions | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Growth factors (topical) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Hydrogel, cadexomer iodine ointment, dressings, larval therapy, sugar (topical) systemic antibiotics | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (systemic + usual care) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Imipenem/cilastatin, cefazolin, Ampicillin/sulbactam, Linezolid, Piperacillin/tazobactam. Amoxycillin + clavulanic acid, clindamycin hydrochloride (oral), pexiganan cream | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Ketanserin (oral, topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Larval therapy | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Lyophilized collagen, platelets and derived products (topical) | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Magnet and normothermic therapy | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Patient education | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Percutaneous flexor tenotomy | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Procaine + polyvinylpyrrolidone (IM) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Resection of the complex wound | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Sharp debridement | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Skin grafts | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Stem cell therapy | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Superoxidized water and soap, povidone iodine (topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Therapeutic footwear | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Thrombin-induced human platelet growth factor, recombinant platelet derived growth factor, recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor,arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide matrix (topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Topical negative pressure | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Negative pressure therapy | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Total contact casting | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Ultrasound | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Zinc oxide tape | NA | NA | NA | + | |
No healing improvement/non-healed wounds
(MAs: 5) | Chinese herbal medicine | NA | + | NA | NA |
Hyaluronic acid-based scaffold and keratinocytes | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Hyaluronic acid-based derivative | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Low frequency low intensity noncontact ultrasound | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Proportion of patients with healed wounds
| Alginate dressing | – | NA | NA | NA |
Artificial skin graft and standard care | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Chinese herbal medicine plus standard treatment | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Skin graft (Dermagraft) | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Fibrous-hydrocolloid (hydrofibre) dressing | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Foam dressing | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (SC, IV) + antibiotics (oral, IV) | + | + | NA | NA | |
Hyaluronic acid-based scaffold and keratinocytes | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Hydrogel dressing | + | + | NA | NA | |
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy | – | NA | NA | ||
Platelet-rich plasma | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Skin replacement therapy (keratinocyte allograft, meshed skin autograft, split thickness autograft) | NA | + | NA | NA |
Outcome
|
Intervention
|
Systematic reviews with MA
|
Systematic reviews without MA
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-quality*
|
Low/moderate quality
|
High-quality**
|
Low/moderate quality
| ||
Wound area/size reduction
| Air-fluidized support | NA | NA | NA | + |
Alternating pressure mattress, low-air-loss mattress, air-fluidized mattress | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Collagenase | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Collagenase, hydrogel dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Electric current, electromagnetic therapy | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Foam, calcium alginate, radiant heat dressing, dextranomer powder dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Hydrocolloid dressings | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Hydrocolloid, hydrogel wafer, hydrogel, occlusive polyurethane, transparent moisture-permeable dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Hydrogel, cadexomer iodine, semelil gel, radiant heat, zinc salt spray, aluminum hydroxide, vitamin A ointment, streptokinase-streptodornase, dialysate, topical insulin, moist saline gauze and whirlpool, semelil dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Low level laser therapy, laser and standard care | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Polarized light, monochromatic light and cadexomer iodine or hydrocolloid | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Ultrasound | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Vacuum therapy | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Vitamin C and ultrasound, consistent wound care and controlled nutritional support, vitamin C, zinc sulfate | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Time to healing or rate of healing
| Ascorbic acid, high-protein diet, concentrated, fortified, collagen protein hydrolysate supplement, disease-specific nutrition treatment | NA | NA | NA | +/− |
Amorphous hydrogel dressing derived from Aloe vera wound dressings | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Electromagnetic therapy, low-intensity direct current, negative-polarity and positive-polarity electrotherapy, and alternating-polarity electrotherapy | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Hydrocolloid dressings | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Low air-loss beds | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Low level laser therapy | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Low-tech constant low-pressure supports | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Phenytoin ointment (topical) | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Seat cushions | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Topical negative pressure | NA | NA | NA | +/− | |
Triple antibiotic ointment, active cream dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Ultrasound | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Ulcer healing
| Air-fluidized bed/supports | + | + | +/− | NA |
Air-fluidized beds, air suspension beds, foam replacement mattress | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Alternating pressure surfaces | NA | NA | +/− | ||
Alternating pressure surfaces (alternating pressure mattress + pressure relief cushion) | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Ascorbic acid, zinc sulfate | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Collagen protein, standard hospital diet and high protein, standard hospital diet and high protein and zinc and arginine and vitamin C | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Collagenase (topical) | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Fibroblast-derived dermal replacement | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Hydrocolloid, polyurethane, dextranomer, hydrogel, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, amino acid copolymer dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Low air-loss mattress, alternating pressure mattress, air-fluidized mattress | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Phenytoin solution, antibiotics dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Protease-modulating matrix, recombinant platelet-derived growth factor BB, nerve growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, granulocyte-macrophage/colony stimulating factor, basic fibroblast growth factor (topical) | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Saline spray containing Aloe vera, silver chloride and decyl glucoside, saline, whirlpool | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Topical negative pressure | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Topical negative pressure (vacuum assisted wound closure) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Alternative foam mattress | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Electrotherapy | + | NA | NA | NA | |
High protein, oral nutritional support, enteral tube feeding | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Hydrocolloid dressings | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Polyurethane dressings | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Proportion of patients with healed wounds
| Collagenase debridement (topical) | NA | – | NA | NA |
Dextranomer (beads + dry dressing) | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Electrical stimulation | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Electrotherapy | NA | – | NA | – | |
Growth Factors (topical) | NA | – | NA | ||
Hydrocolloid dressings | NA | +/− | NA | – | |
Hydrogel (gel) | NA | + | NA | – | |
Hydropolymer dressing | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Low air-loss beds | – | – | NA | NA | |
Low level laser therapy | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Alternating pressure mattress | NA | +/− | NA | NA | |
Non-contact normothermic dressing | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Polyurethane dressings | NA | – | NA | – | |
Ultrasound | – | – | NA | +/− | |
Zinc supplement (oral) | NA | – | NA | ||
Collagenase, dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Laser therapy + moist saline gauze | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Monochromatic phototherapy, UV light | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Oxyquinoline, radiant heat, soft silicone, hydrogel or foam, active ointment with live yeast derivative, topical insulin (dressings) | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Resin salve absorbent dressings | NA | NA | NA | – | |
Specialized foam mattress, alternating pressure mattress | NA | NA | NA | – |
Outcome
|
Intervention
|
Systematic reviews with MA
|
Systematic reviews without MA
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-quality*
|
Low/moderate quality
|
High-quality**
|
Low/moderate quality
| ||
Autologous platelet-rich plasma/platelet-rich plasma (topical) | – | – | NA | NA | |
Silver releasing dressings | + | NA | NA | NA | |
Topical negative pressure | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Laser therapy | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Adhesive zinc oxide tape | NA | NA | + | NA | |
Dextranomer polysaccharide beads or paste, cadexomer iodine polysaccharide beads or paste | NA | NA | _ | NA | |
Enzymatic agents (topical) | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Hydrogel dressings | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy | NA | NA | NA | + | |
No-sting barrier film bandages | NA | NA | NA | + | |
Silver releasing dressing, non-releasing silver-activated charcoal dressing, hydrocolloid silver Vaseline-impregnated dressing, silver coated dressing, hydrocolloid silver-releasing dressing, silver-releasing foam dressing | NA | NA | + | NA | |
Topical negative pressure (open-cell foam dressing with continuous suction) | NA | NA | + | NA | |
Skin replacement (skin substitute) and standard care | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Skin replacement (dermal substitute) and standard care | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Artificial skin grafts and standard care | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Autologous platelet-rich plasma/platelet-rich plasma (topical) | NA | – | NA | NA | |
Hydrocolloid dressings | – | + | NA | NA | |
Laser therapy | – | NA | NA | NA | |
Ultrasound | +/− | NA | NA | NA |
Outcome
|
Intervention
|
Systematic reviews with MA
|
Systematic reviews without MA
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
High-quality*
|
Low/moderate quality
|
High-quality**
|
Low/moderate quality
| ||
Proportion of patients with healed wounds (MAs: 1) [37] | Topical negative pressure/vacuum-assisted closure | NA | + | NA | NA |
Vacuum-assisted closure | NA | + | NA | NA | |
Alginate dressings | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Foam dressings | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Alginate dressings | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Aloe vera dermal gel (topical) | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Dextranomer polysaccharide bead dressings | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Foam dressings | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Gauze + Aloe vera dressings | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Honey (topical) | NA | NA | + | ||
Hydrocolloid dressings | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Plaster casting | NA | NA | + | NA | |
Polyurethane foam and sheets dressings | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Silicone elastomer foam dressings and polyurethane foam dressings | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Topical negative pressure | NA | NA | – | NA | |
Dextranomer polysaccharide bead dressings | NA | NA | +/− | NA | |
Polyurethane foam dressings | NA | NA | +/− | NA |