Background
Methodology
Study design and sampling technique
Study participants and sample size
Sample size of TB free population
Sample size of patients with TB
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Data collection methods and sources
Selection of the control
Data analysis
Results
The QoL of patients with TB compared with TB free population (n = 262)
TB patients N = 131 mean ± SD | TB free population N = 131 mean ± SD | Test statistics, P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Physical domain | 42.4 ± 17.8 | 65.0 ± 17.5 | 10.4, 0.01*t |
Psychological domain | 41.9 ± 15.1 | 59.2 ± 13.6 | 9.7, 0.001*t |
Social domain | 50.3 ± 20.6 | 61.8 ± 19.9 | 4.6, 0.001*t |
Environmental domain | 44.5 ± 12.8 | 56.3 ± 19.3 | 5.8, 0.001*t |
Total QoL score | 44.8 ± 13.6 | 60.6 ± 14.3 | 9.1, 0.001*t |
General health median (IQR) | 3.0(2.0–4.0) | 4(3.0–4.0) | 4740.5, 0.001*u |
General QoL median (IQR) | 2.0(2.0–3.0) | 4.0(3.0–4.0) | 3272.5, 0.001*u |
Patients with TB characteristics (n = 180)
Variables | (n = 180) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male Female | 134(74.4) 46(25.6) |
Age in years | |
18–30 31–40 41–50 51–60 61–75 Median (IQR) | 52(28.9) 56(31.1) 37(20.6) 24(13.3) 11(6.1) 3.07 (29.0–48.0) |
Marital status | |
Married Single Divorced Widow | 98(54.4) 68(37.8) 9(5.0) 5(2.8) |
Residence | |
Urban Rural | 150(83.3) 30(16.7) |
Education level | |
Do not read/write (illiterates) Read and write Junior Middle Senior Graduate | 35(19.4) 13(7.2) 28(15.6) 40(22.2) 45(25.0) 19(10.6) |
Income per capita | |
Not enough and loan not repaid Not enough and big loan Not enough and small loan Enough Enough and saving | 37(20.6) 33(18.3) 55(30.6) 54(30) 1(0.6) |
Family size | |
1–4 ≥ 5 | 109(60.6) 71(39.4) |
Crowding index | |
< 2 2–4 ≥ 4 | 106(58.9) 62(34.4) 12(6.7) |
Socioeconomic class | |
Low < 40% Medium 40 to < 70% High ≥ 70% | 41(22.8) 129(71.7) 10(5.6) |
Variable | (n = 180) |
---|---|
TB type | |
Pulmonary TB Extrapulmonary TB | 129(71.7) 51(28.3) |
Treatment phase | |
Intensive phase Continuation phase | 81 (45.0) 99(55.0) |
Disease duration | |
≤ 6 months > 6 months | 94(52.2) 86(47.8) |
MDR | |
MDR Not MDR | 18(10.0) 162(90.0) |
Chronic disease | |
No Yes | 114(63.3) 66(36.7) |
Impact of TB | |
No impact Loss of food Loss of work Social ostracism Lost their partners | 27 (15.0) 123(68.3) 125(69.4) 28(15.6) 10(5.6) |
Measured QoL score among the patients with TB (n = 180)
Physical domain Score | Psychological Domain score | Social Domain score | Environmental Domain score | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | ||||
Male (134) Female (46) P value | 42.4 ± 18.6 43 ± 19.7 0.67 | 42.6 ± 16 43.4 ± 16.8 0.79 | 20.4 ± 1.8 20.8 ± 3.1 0.70 | 45.5 ± 12.6 45.3 ± 14.6 0.90 |
Age groups: | ||||
18–30 (52) 31–40(56) 41–50(37) 51–60(24) 61–75 (11) P value | 45.9 ± 19.9 40.1 ± 15.6 41.5 ± 19.8 44.2 ± 20.2 42.5 ± 22.5 0.58 | 46.3 ± 18.5 39.5 ± 13 43 ± 17.2 42.5 ± 14.5 42.8 ± 17.7 0.29 | 55.1 ± 20.7 47.2 ± 18.8 50.2 ± 22.4 46.5 ± 19.3 55.3 ± 21.2 0.23 | 50.2 ± 14.9 41.9 ± 10.9 45 ± 13.9 44.5 ± 10.7 43.4 ± 11.1 0.02* |
Marital status | ||||
Married (98) Single (82) P value | 42.2 ± 18.9 43.5 ± 18.7 0.65 | 41.4 ± 16.0 44.6 ± 16.2 0.19 | 49.8 ± 20.9 51.3 ± 20.0 0.63 | 44.0 ± 12.2 47.1 ± 14.0 0.11 |
Residence | ||||
Urban (150) Rural (30) P value | 43.6 ± 18.8 38.5 ± 18.3 0.17 | 42.9 ± 16.5 42.4 ± 14.4 0.86 | 49.9 ± 21.2 53.6 ± 16.2 0.37 | 49.9 ± 21.2 53.6 ± 16.2 0.31 |
Education level | ||||
Senior (45) Middle (40) Ignorant (35) Junior (28) Graduate (19) Read and write (13) P value | 43.7 ± 19.6 41.6 ± 19.7 38.4 ± 18.1 41.2 ± 14.3 51.5 ± 20.9 45.9 ± 19.1 0.24 | 44.2 ± 17.3 45.1 ± 16.7 39.0 ± 16.4 39.3 ± 15.7 45.8 ± 15.4 44.6 ± 9.5 0.40 | 49.6 ± 19.9 48.5 ± 20.6 48.6 ± 24.4 53.0 ± 17.5 52.2 ± 23.2 57.1 ± 12.7 0.76 | 45.5 ± 14,8 46.5 ± 12.3 43.3 ± 12.7 47.4 ± 13.4 44.1 ± 13.6 45.4 ± 9.9 0.85 |
Socioeconomic class | ||||
Low (41) Medium (129) High (10) P value | 39.8 ± 18.4 43.7 ± 17.9 42.5 ± 30.0 0.51 | 40.9 ± 43.7 43.7 ± 15.9 39.6 ± 22.2 0.50 | 50.4 ± 20.2 51.1 ± 20.2 43.3 ± 25.1 0.51 | 45.0 ± 12.1 45.9 ± 13.4 41.3 ± 13.6 0.55 |
TB type | ||||
Pulmonary TB (129) Extrapulmonary TB (51) P value | 42.2 ± 19.1 44.3 ± 18.0 0.49 | 42.5 ± 16.3 43.5 ± 15.8 0.71 | 49.7 ± 20.8 52.5 ± 19.8 0.43 | 45.1 ± 13.3 46.2 ± 12.8 0.60 |
Disease duration | ||||
≤ 6 months (94) > 6 months (86) P value | 42.7 ± 19.9 42.8 ± 17.7 0.98 | 43.3 ± 15.7 42.3 ± 16.6 0.68 | 50.6 ± 22.7 50.4 ± 17.8 0.93 | 45.9 ± 14 44.9 ± 12.1 0.61 |
Treatment phase | ||||
Intensive phase(81) Continuation phase (99) P value | 40.9 ± 20.5 44.3 ± 17.2 0.22 | 41.1 ± 16.7 44.2 ± 15.6 0.20 | 49.3 ± 22.3 51.5 ± 18.9 0.47 | 43.9 ± 14,1 46.7 ± 12.1 0.17 |
MDR | ||||
MDR (18) Not MDR (162) P value | 44.0 ± 20.4 42.6 ± 18.7 0.67 | 43.1 ± 16.8 42.6 ± 18.7 0.95 | 48.6 ± 20.7 50.7 ± 20.5 0.68 | 44.4 ± 12.2 45.5 ± 13.2 0.74 |
Chronic diseases | ||||
Present (64) Absent (116) P value | 43.5 ± 20.8 42.4 ± 17.7 0.69 | 44.3 ± 17.1 42.0 ± 15.6 0.37 | 53.3 ± 20.6 49.0 ± 20.3 0.18 | 47.3 ± 13.5 44.4 ± 12.8 0.15 |