Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Typ-2-Diabetes und Adipositas Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Inflammation Research
Erschienen in: Inflammation Research 6/2020

01.04.2020 | Review

The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of formulated full-spectrum cannabis extract in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis

verfasst von: Zaid H. Maayah, Shingo Takahara, Mourad Ferdaoussi, Jason R. B. Dyck

Erschienen in: Inflammation Research | Ausgabe 6/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Cannabis has been used for thousands of years in many cultures for the treatment of several ailments including pain. The benefits of cannabis are mediated largely by cannabinoids, the most prominent of which are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). As such, THC and/or CBD have been investigated in clinical studies for the treatment of many conditions including neuropathic pain and acute or chronic inflammation. While a plethora of studies have examined the biochemical effects of purified THC and/or CBD, only a few have focused on the effects of full-spectrum cannabis plant extract. Accordingly, studies using purified THC or CBD may not accurately reflect the potential health benefits of full-spectrum cannabis extracts. Indeed, the cannabis plant produces a wide range of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other bioactive molecules which are likely to contribute to the different biological effects. The presence of all these bioactive molecules in cannabis extracts has garnered much attention of late especially with regard to their potential role in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Literature review was performed to further understand the effect of clinically used full-spectrum cannabis extract in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Results

Herein, the current knowledge about the potential beneficial effects of existing products of full-spectrum cannabis extract in clinical studies involving patients with multiple sclerosis is extensively reviewed. In addition, the possible adverse effects associated with cannabis use is discussed along with how the method of extraction and the delivery mechanisms of different cannabis extracts contribute to the pharmacokinetic and biological effects of full-spectrum cannabis extracts.Herein, the current knowledge about the potential beneficial effects of existing products of full-spectrum cannabis extract in clinical studies involving patients with multiple sclerosis is extensively reviewed. In addition, the possible adverse effects associated with cannabis use is discussed along with how the method of extraction and the delivery mechanisms of different cannabis extracts contribute to the pharmacokinetic and biological effects of full-spectrum cannabis extracts.
Literatur
1.
Hagemeier K, Bruck W, Kuhlmann T. Multiple sclerosis—remyelination failure as a cause of disease progression. Histol Histopathol. 2012;27:277–87.PubMed
2.
Koch-Henriksen N, Sorensen PS. The changing demographic pattern of multiple sclerosis epidemiology. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9:520–32.PubMed
3.
Dhanani NM, Caruso TJ, Carinci AJ. Complementary and alternative medicine for pain: an evidence-based review. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2011;15:39–46.PubMed
4.
5.
Abel EL. Cannabis in the Ancient World. Marihuana: the first twelve thousand years 1980; New York City: Plenum Publishers.
6.
Clendinning J. Observations on the medicinal properties of the Cannabis sativa of India. Med-Chir Trans. 1843;26:188–21010.PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Ashton CH. Biomedical benefits of cannabinoids? Addict Biol. 1999;4:111–26.PubMed
8.
Burstein S. Cannabidiol (CBD) and its analogs: a review of their effects on inflammation. Bioorg Med Chem. 2015;23:1377–85.PubMed
9.
Holdcroft A, Maze M, Dore C, Tebbs S, Thompson S. A multicenter dose-escalation study of the analgesic and adverse effects of an oral cannabis extract (Cannador) for postoperative pain management. Anesthesiology. 2006;104:1040–6.PubMed
10.
Rog DJ, Nurmikko TJ, Friede T, Young CA. Randomized, controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in central pain in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2005;65:812–9.PubMed
11.
Berman JS, Symonds C, Birch R. Efficacy of two cannabis-based medicinal extracts for relief of central neuropathic pain from brachial plexus avulsion: results of a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 2004;112:299–306.PubMed
12.
13.
14.
Wagner H, Ulrich-Merzenich G. Synergy research: approaching a new generation of phytopharmaceuticals. Phytomedicine. 2009;16:97–110.PubMed
15.
16.
17.
Comelli F, Giagnoni G, Bettoni I, Colleoni M, Costa B. Antihyperalgesic effect of a Cannabis sativa extract in a rat model of neuropathic pain: mechanisms involved. Phytother Res. 2008;22:1017–24.PubMed
18.
May MB, Glode AE. Dronabinol for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting unresponsive to antiemetics. Cancer Manag Res. 2016;8:49–55.PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
Klumpers LE, Beumer TL, van Hasselt JG, Lipplaa A, Karger LB, Kleinloog HD, et al. Novel delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol formulation Namisol(R) has beneficial pharmacokinetics and promising pharmacodynamic effects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;74:42–53.PubMed
20.
van Amerongen G, Kanhai K, Baakman AC, Heuberger J, Klaassen E, Beumer TL, et al. Effects on spasticity and neuropathic pain of an oral formulation of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. Clin Ther. 2018;40:1467–82.PubMed
21.
Zajicek J, Ball S, Wright D, Vickery J, Nunn A, Miller D, et al. Effect of dronabinol on progression in progressive multiple sclerosis (CUPID): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12:857–65.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Schimrigk S, Marziniak M, Neubauer C, Kugler EM, Werner G, Abramov-Sommariva D. Dronabinol is a safe long-term treatment option for neuropathic pain patients. Eur Neurol. 2017;78:320–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
23.
Abuhasira R, Shbiro L, Landschaft Y. Medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids containing products—regulations in Europe and North America. Eur J Intern Med. 2018;49:2–6.PubMed
24.
Sastre-Garriga J, Vila C, Clissold S, Montalban X. THC and CBD oromucosal spray (Sativex(R)) in the management of spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11:627–37.PubMed
25.
Perez J. Combined cannabinoid therapy via an oromucosal spray. Drugs Today. 2006;42:495–503.PubMed
26.
Langford RM, Mares J, Novotna A, Vachova M, Novakova I, Notcutt W, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of THC/CBD oromucosal spray in combination with the existing treatment regimen, in the relief of central neuropathic pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2013;260:984–97.PubMed
27.
Wade DT, Makela P, Robson P, House H, Bateman C. Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult Scler. 2004;10:434–41.PubMed
28.
Rog DJ, Nurmikko TJ, Young CA. Oromucosal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: an uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial. Clin Ther. 2007;29:2068–79.PubMed
29.
Novotna A, Mares J, Ratcliffe S, Novakova I, Vachova M, Zapletalova O, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, enriched-design study of nabiximols* (Sativex((R)) ), as add-on therapy, in subjects with refractory spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18:1122–31.PubMed
30.
Notcutt W, Langford R, Davies P, Ratcliffe S, Potts R. A placebo-controlled, parallel-group, randomized withdrawal study of subjects with symptoms of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis who are receiving long-term Sativex(R) (nabiximols). Mult Scler. 2012;18:219–28.PubMed
31.
Ferre L, Nuara A, Pavan G, Radaelli M, Moiola L, Rodegher M, et al. Efficacy and safety of nabiximols (Sativex((R))) on multiple sclerosis spasticity in a real-life Italian monocentric study. Neurol Sci. 2016;37:235–42.PubMed
32.
Flachenecker P, Henze T, Zettl UK. Nabiximols (THC/CBD oromucosal spray, Sativex(R)) in clinical practice–results of a multicenter, non-interventional study (MOVE 2) in patients with multiple sclerosis spasticity. Eur Neurol. 2014;71:271–9.PubMed
33.
Wade DT, Makela PM, House H, Bateman C, Robson P. Long-term use of a cannabis-based medicine in the treatment of spasticity and other symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2006;12:639–45.PubMed
34.
Barnes MP. Sativex: clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis and neuropathic pain. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006;7:607–15.PubMed
35.
Trojano M, Vila C. Effectiveness and tolerability of THC/CBD oromucosal spray for multiple sclerosis spasticity in italy: first data from a large observational study. Eur Neurol. 2015;74:178–85.PubMed
36.
Vermersch P, Trojano M. Tetrahydrocannabinol: cannabidiol oromucosal spray for multiple sclerosis-related resistant spasticity in daily practice. Eur Neurol. 2016;76:216–26.PubMed
37.
Collin C, Ehler E, Waberzinek G, Alsindi Z, Davies P, Powell K, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of Sativex, in subjects with symptoms of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. Neurol Res. 2010;32:451–9.PubMed
38.
Collin C, Davies P, Mutiboko IK, Ratcliffe S, Sativex Spasticity in MSSG. Randomized controlled trial of cannabis-based medicine in spasticity caused by multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14:290–6.PubMed
39.
Russo M, Calabro RS, Naro A, Sessa E, Rifici C, D'Aleo G, et al. Sativex in the management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity: role of the corticospinal modulation. Neural Plast. 2015;2015:656582.PubMedPubMedCentral
40.
Squintani G, Donato F, Turri M, Deotto L, Teatini F, Moretto G, et al. Cortical and spinal excitability in patients with multiple sclerosis and spasticity after oromucosal cannabinoid spray. J Neurol Sci. 2016;370:263–8.PubMed
41.
Russo M, Naro A, Leo A, Sessa E, D'Aleo G, Bramanti P, et al. Evaluating Sativex(R) in neuropathic pain management: a clinical and neurophysiological assessment in multiple sclerosis. Pain Med. 2016;17:1145–54.PubMed
42.
Sorosina M, Clarelli F, Ferre L, Osiceanu AM, Unal NT, Mascia E, et al. Clinical response to Nabiximols correlates with the downregulation of immune pathways in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2018;25:934–e70.PubMed
43.
Turri M, Teatini F, Donato F, Zanette G, Tugnoli V, Deotto L, et al. Pain modulation after oromucosal cannabinoid spray (SATIVEX((R))) in patients with multiple sclerosis: a study with quantitative sensory testing and laser-evoked potentials. Medicines (Basel). 2018;5(3):pii: E59. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3390/​medicines5030059​.CrossRef
44.
Lemberger L, Silberstein SD, Axelrod J, Kopin IJ. Marihuana: studies on the disposition and metabolism of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man. Science. 1970;170:1320–2.PubMed
45.
Schlicker E, Kathmann M. Modulation of transmitter release via presynaptic cannabinoid receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2001;22:565–72.PubMed
46.
Neurobiology BM. How cannabinoids work in the brain. Science. 2001;291:2530–1.
47.
Comelli F, Bettoni I, Colleoni M, Giagnoni G, Costa B. Beneficial effects of a Cannabis sativa extract treatment on diabetes-induced neuropathy and oxidative stress. Phytother Res. 2009;23:1678–84.PubMed
48.
Ibrahim MM, Deng H, Zvonok A, Cockayne DA, Kwan J, Mata HP, et al. Activation of CB2 cannabinoid receptors by AM1241 inhibits experimental neuropathic pain: pain inhibition by receptors not present in the CNS. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:10529–33.PubMed
49.
Ross HR, Napier I, Connor M. Inhibition of recombinant human T-type calcium channels by delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:16124–34.PubMedPubMedCentral
50.
Aragona M, Onesti E, Tomassini V, Conte A, Gupta S, Gilio F, et al. Psychopathological and cognitive effects of therapeutic cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32:41–7.PubMed
51.
Massi P, Valenti M, Vaccani A, Gasperi V, Perletti G, Marras E, et al. 5-Lipoxygenase and anandamide hydrolase (FAAH) mediate the antitumor activity of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid. J Neurochem. 2008;104:1091–100.PubMed
52.
Karschner EL, Darwin WD, Goodwin RS, Wright S, Huestis MA. Plasma cannabinoid pharmacokinetics following controlled oral delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and oromucosal cannabis extract administration. Clin Chem. 2011;57:66–75.PubMed
53.
Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H, Wright D, Vickery J, Nunn A, et al. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;362:1517–26.PubMed
54.
Zajicek JP, Sanders HP, Wright DE, Vickery PJ, Ingram WM, Reilly SM, et al. Cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis (CAMS) study: safety and efficacy data for 12 months follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1664–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Zajicek JP, Hobart JC, Slade A, Barnes D, Mattison PG, Group MR. Multiple sclerosis and extract of cannabis: results of the MUSEC trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2012;83:1125–32.PubMed
56.
Urits I, Borchart M, Hasegawa M, Kochanski J, Orhurhu V, Viswanath O. An update of current cannabis-based pharmaceuticals in pain medicine. Pain Therapy. 2019;8:41–51.PubMed
57.
Babalonis S, Haney M, Malcolm RJ, Lofwall MR, Votaw VR, Sparenborg S, et al. Oral cannabidiol does not produce a signal for abuse liability in frequent marijuana smokers. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;172:9–13.PubMed
58.
59.
Serpell MG, Notcutt W, Collin C. Sativex long-term use: an open-label trial in patients with spasticity due to multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2013;260:285–95.PubMed
60.
Patti F, Messina S, Solaro C, Amato MP, Bergamaschi R, Bonavita S, et al. Efficacy and safety of cannabinoid oromucosal spray for multiple sclerosis spasticity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87:944–51.PubMedPubMedCentral
61.
Haupts M, Vila C, Jonas A, Witte K, Alvarez-Ossorio L. Influence of previous failed antispasticity therapy on the efficacy and tolerability of THC:CBD oromucosal spray for multiple sclerosis spasticity. Eur Neurol. 2016;75:236–43.PubMed
62.
Leocani L, Nuara A, Houdayer E, Schiavetti I, Del Carro U, Amadio S, et al. Sativex((R)) and clinical-neurophysiological measures of spasticity in progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2015;262:2520–7.PubMed
63.
Constantinescu CS, Gershkovich P. Therapeutic cannabinoids in multiple sclerosis: immunomodulation revisited. Eur J Neurol. 2018;25:905–6.PubMed
64.
Etges T, Karolia K, Grint T, Taylor A, Lauder H, Daka B, et al. An observational postmarketing safety registry of patients in the UK, Germany, and Switzerland who have been prescribed Sativex((R)) (THC:CBD, nabiximols) oromucosal spray. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016;12:1667–755.PubMedPubMedCentral
65.
Freeman RM, Adekanmi O, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Wright D, Zajicek J. The effect of cannabis on urge incontinence in patients with multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised placebo-controlled trial (CAMS-LUTS). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2006;17:636–41.PubMed
66.
Vaney C, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Jobin P, Tschopp F, Gattlen B, Hagen U, et al. Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Mult Scler. 2004;10:417–24.PubMed
67.
Buggy DJ, Toogood L, Maric S, Sharpe P, Lambert DG, Rowbotham DJ. Lack of analgesic efficacy of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in postoperative pain. Pain. 2003;106:169–72.PubMed
68.
Naef M, Curatolo M, Petersen-Felix S, Arendt-Nielsen L, Zbinden A, Brenneisen R. The analgesic effect of oral delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), morphine, and a THC–morphine combination in healthy subjects under experimental pain conditions. Pain. 2003;105:79–88.PubMed
69.
Russo EB. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid—terpenoid entourage effects. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;163:1344–64.PubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Mechoulam R, Parker LA. The endocannabinoid system and the brain. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:21–47.PubMed
71.
Baron EP. Medicinal properties of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in cannabis, and benefits in migraine, headache, and pain: an update on current evidence and cannabis science. Headache. 2018;58:1139–86.PubMed
72.
Zgair A, Lee JB, Wong JCM, Taha DA, Aram J, Di Virgilio D, et al. Oral administration of cannabis with lipids leads to high levels of cannabinoids in the intestinal lymphatic system and prominent immunomodulation. Sci Rep. 2017;7:14542.PubMedPubMedCentral
73.
74.
Turner CE, Elsohly MA, Boeren EG. Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents. J Nat Prod. 1980;43:169–234.PubMed
75.
Tanasescu R, Constantinescu CS. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of nabiximols for the treatment of multiple sclerosis pain. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2013;9:1219–28.PubMed
76.
Rousseaux C, Thuru X, Gelot A, Barnich N, Neut C, Dubuquoy L, et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med. 2007;13:35–7.PubMed
77.
Cluny NL, Keenan CM, Reimer RA, Le Foll B, Sharkey KA. Prevention of diet-induced obesity effects on body weight and gut microbiota in mice treated chronically with delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0144270.PubMedPubMedCentral
78.
Ruth MR, Field CJ. The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2013;4:27.PubMedPubMedCentral
79.
Yiangou Y, Facer P, Durrenberger P, Chessell IP, Naylor A, Bountra C, et al. COX-2, CB2 and P2X7-immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord. BMC Neurol. 2006;6:12.PubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Zgair A, Wong JC, Lee JB, Mistry J, Sivak O, Wasan KM, et al. Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. Am J Transl Res. 2016;8:3448–59.PubMedPubMedCentral
81.
Institute of Medicine (US), Joy JE, Watson SJ Jr, Benson JA Jr, editors. Marijuana and medicine: assessing the science base. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 1999.
82.
Abrams DI, Jay CA, Shade SB, Vizoso H, Reda H, Press S, et al. Cannabis in painful HIV-associated sensory neuropathy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Neurology. 2007;68:515–21.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of formulated full-spectrum cannabis extract in the treatment of neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis
verfasst von
Zaid H. Maayah
Shingo Takahara
Mourad Ferdaoussi
Jason R. B. Dyck
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2020
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Inflammation Research / Ausgabe 6/2020
Print ISSN: 1023-3830
Elektronische ISSN: 1420-908X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-020-01341-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2020

Inflammation Research 6/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Short Communication

Combination of saikosaponin c and telbivudine synergistically enhances the anti-HBV activity

Original Research Paper

The correlation between viral clearance and biochemical outcomes of 94 COVID-19 infected discharged patients

Original Research Paper

LncRNA SNHG5 regulates SOX4 expression through competitive binding to miR-489-3p in acute myeloid leukemia

Original Research Paper

MiR-146a-5p promotes IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis through the TRAF6-mediated NF-kB pathway

Original Research Paper

Characteristics of voltage-gated potassium currents in monosodium urate induced gouty arthritis in mice

Original Research Paper

Human host defense peptide LL-37 facilitates double-stranded RNA pro-inflammatory signaling through up-regulation of TLR3 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

Alphablocker schützt vor Miktionsproblemen nach der Biopsie

16.05.2024 alpha-1-Rezeptorantagonisten Nachrichten

Nach einer Prostatabiopsie treten häufig Probleme beim Wasserlassen auf. Ob sich das durch den periinterventionellen Einsatz von Alphablockern verhindern lässt, haben australische Mediziner im Zuge einer Metaanalyse untersucht.

Eingreifen von Umstehenden rettet vor Erstickungstod!

15.05.2024 Fremdkörperaspiration Nachrichten

Wer sich an einem Essensrest verschluckt und um Luft ringt, benötigt vor allem rasche Hilfe. Dass Umstehende nur in jedem zweiten Erstickungsnotfall bereit waren, diese zu leisten, ist das ernüchternde Ergebnis einer Beobachtungsstudie aus Japan. Doch es gibt auch eine gute Nachricht.

Neue S3-Leitlinie zur unkomplizierten Zystitis: Auf Antibiotika verzichten?

15.05.2024 Harnwegsinfektionen Nachrichten

Welche Antibiotika darf man bei unkomplizierter Zystitis verwenden und wovon sollte man die Finger lassen? Welche pflanzlichen Präparate können helfen? Was taugt der zugelassene Impfstoff? Antworten vom Koordinator der frisch überarbeiteten S3-Leitlinie, Prof. Florian Wagenlehner.

Schadet Ärger den Gefäßen?

14.05.2024 Arteriosklerose Nachrichten

In einer Studie aus New York wirkte sich Ärger kurzfristig deutlich negativ auf die Endothelfunktion gesunder Probanden aus. Möglicherweise hat dies Einfluss auf die kardiovaskuläre Gesundheit.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise