Background
Methods
Study design and data sources
Outcome variable
Covariates
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline participant characteristics
Nondrinker | Drinker | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Participants, n | 373 | 35 | |
Age (years), median (25th-75th percentile) | 14.0 (13.0–16.0) | 15.0 (13.0–17.0) | 0.008 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.008 | ||
Male | 184 (49.3) | 26 (74.3) | |
Female | 189 (50.7) | 9 (25.7) | |
Han Nationality, n (%) | 0.351 | ||
Yes | 313 (83.9) | 32 (91.4) | |
No | 60 (16.1) | 3 (8.6) | |
Residence, n (%) | 0.095 | ||
Urban | 104 (29.9) | 15 (42.9) | |
Rural | 269 (72.1) | 20 (57.1) | |
Per capita household income (RMB), median (25th-75th percentile) | 5607.5 (3150.0–10500.0) | 6650.0 (4252.5–11976.4) | 0.194 |
BMIz, median (25th-75th percentile) | -0.3 (-0.7–0.5) | -0.2 (-0.8–0.4) | 0.56 |
Blood pressure (mmHg), median (25th-75th percentile) | |||
Systolic blood pressure | 103.3 (97.3–111.0) | 109.3 (100.0–111.7) | 0.038 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 70.0 (61.0–76.0) | 71.3 (67.3–78.3) | 0.06 |
3-day average dietary value, median (25th-75th percentile) | |||
3-day average energy (kcal) | 1786.2 (1472.6–2237.4) | 2349.6 (1961.0–2529.2) | < 0.001 |
3-day average carbohydrate (g) | 256.2 (207.0–324.2) | 320.7 (246.6–369.6) | 0.006 |
3-day average fat (g) | 57.0 (40.1–80.7) | 79.1 (51.7–99.0) | 0.003 |
3-day average protein (g) | 56.6 (43.2–72.8) | 69.5 (55.7–84.4) | 0.006 |
Blood lipids (mmol/L), median (25th-75th percentile) | |||
Total cholesterol | 3.8 (3.4–4.3) | 3.5 (3.1–3.8) | 0.002 |
High density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.007 |
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 0.092 |
Triglyceride | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.21 |
Univariate and multivariate linear regression
TC as dependent variable | HDL-C as dependent variable | LDL-C as dependent variable | TG as dependent variable | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate regression Coefficient (P value) | Multivariate regression Coefficient (P value) | Univariate regression Coefficient (P value) | Multivariate regression Coefficient (P value) | Univariate regression Coefficient (P value) | Multivariate regression Coefficient (P value) | Univariate regression Coefficient (P value) | Multivariate regression Coefficient (P value) | |
Age | 0.02 (0.258) | 0.01 (0.4) | 0.02 (0.267) | 0.003 (0.867) | ||||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||
Female | 0.26 (< 0.001) | 0.22 (< 0.001) | 0.05 (0.262) | 0.2 (0.003) | 0.17 (0.011) | 0.03 (0.605) | ||
Han Nationality | ||||||||
Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
No | -0.20 (0.038) | -0.18 (0.051) | -0.06 (0.293) | -0.14 (0.132) | 0.18 (0.032) | 0.19 (0.022) | ||
Residence | ||||||||
Urban | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||
Rural | -0.14 (0.069) | -0.08 (0.103) | -0.05 (0.533) | -0.01 (0.827) | ||||
Per capita household income | 0.00001 (< 0.001) | 0.00001 (0.001) | 0.000004 (0.0498) | 0.000004 (0.04) | 0.00001 (< 0.001) | 0.00001 (0.002) | -0.000002 (0.573) | |
BMIz | 0.09 (0.005) | 0.07 (0.036) | -0.04 (0.071) | 0.09 (0.004) | 0.07 (0.018) | 0.06 (0.032) | 0.07 (0.02) | |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.004 (0.199) | 0.0007 (0.722) | 0.001 (0.626) | 0.003 (0.261) | ||||
Diastolic blood pressure | 0.005 (0.234) | 0.002 (0.49) | 0.001 (0.708) | 0.003 (0.406) | ||||
3-day average energy | 0.00001 (0.849) | -0.00002 (0.638) | 0.00003 (0.637) | -0.00005 (0.324) | ||||
3-day average carbohydrat | -0.0006 (0.126) | -0.0003 (0.172) | -0.0003 (0.463) | -0.0002 (0.495) | ||||
3-day average fat | 0.002 (0.1) | 0.0002 (0.669) | 0.001 (0.183) | -0.0009 (0.295) | ||||
3-day average protein | 0.002 (0.236) | 0.0006 (0.537) | 0.002 (0.273) | -0.00005 (0.973) | ||||
Drinking | ||||||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | -0.36 (0.003) | -0.33 (0.006) | -0.15 (0.049) | -0.16 (0.04) | -0.23 (0.058) | -0.19 (0.098) | -0.15 (0.173) | -0.13 (0.232) |
Propensity score matching
Nondrinker | Drinker | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Participants, n | 140 | 35 | |
Age (years), median (25th-75th percentile) | 15.0 (14.0–16.0) | 15.0 (13.0–17.0) | 0.753 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.900 | ||
Male | 100 (71.4) | 26 (74.3) | |
Female | 40 (28.6) | 9 (25.7) | |
Han Nationality, n (%) | 0.475 | ||
Yes | 119 (85.0) | 32 (91.4) | |
No | 21 (15.0) | 3 (8.6) | |
Residence, n (%) | 0.181 | ||
Urban | 41 (29.3) | 15 (42.9) | |
Rural | 99 (70.7) | 20 (57.1) | |
Per capita household income (RMB), median (25th-75th percentile) | 6102.1 (3139.6–10,848.1) | 6650.0 (4252.5–11,976.4) | 0.324 |
BMIz, median (25th-75th percentile) | -0.3 (-0.7–0.4) | -0.2 (-0.8–0.4) | 0.748 |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | |||
Systolic blood pressure, median (25th-75th percentile) | 107.7 (100.0–116.0) | 109.3 (100.0–111.7) | 0.571 |
Diastolic blood pressure, median (25th-75th percentile) | 70.0 (63.8–78.0) | 71.3 (67.3–78.3) | 0.493 |
3-day average dietary value | |||
3-day average energy (kcal), median (25th-75th percentile) | 2106.6 (1648.0–2530.7) | 2349.6 (1961.0–2529.2) | 0.146 |
3-day average carbohydrate (g), mean (SD) | 301.7 (95.6) | 310.9 (93.9) | 0.612 |
3-day average fat (g), median (25th-75th percentile) | 67.5 (46.2–90.8) | 79.1 (51.7–99.0) | 0.228 |
3-day average protein (g), median (25th-75th percentile) | 63.7 (47.1–81.9) | 69.5 (55.7–84.4) | 0.305 |
Blood lipids (mmol/L), median (25th-75th percentile) | |||
Total cholesterol | 3.8 (3.4–4.3) | 3.5 (3.1–3.8) | 0.002 |
High density lipoprotein cholesterol | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.012 |
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 0.166 |
Triglyceride | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.194 |