Introduction
Materials and methods
Eligibility criteria
Inclusion criteria
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Studies involving human subjects.
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Studies that were of cohort, cross-sectional or case-control design.
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Study subjects had a positive diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
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Studies published from 1960 to 2023.
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Developmental defects of enamel reported for deciduous and/or permanent teeth.
Exclusion criteria
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Studies involving animal subjects.
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Review articles.
Information sources
Search strategy and selection criteria
Data items
Results
Study selection
Study characteristics
Author | Type of Study | Study Population | Age Group(years) | DDE Measurement |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jagels&Sweeney 1976 | Case-control study | Case 63 Control 56 | 5–12 | % of subjects showing enamel hypoplasia |
Primosch 1980 | Cross-sectional observational study | Case 86 Control 86 | 3.3–24.2 | % of DDE in permanent teeth |
Narang 2003 | Case-control study | Case 74 Control 106 | Case 2.5–16.5 Control 3.0– 16.5 | % of opacities in primary teeth % of opacities in permanent teeth |
Azevedo 2006 | Case-control study | Case 13 Control 13 | Mean age 10.3 | % of permanent teeth affected according to DDE type |
Ferrazzano 2009 | Case-control study | Case 54 Control 101 | 7–12 | % of subjects with DDE |
Ferrazzano 2012 | Case-control study | Case 88 Control 101 | 4–12 | Prevalence of DDE present (%) |
Peker 2014 | Case-control study | Case 30 Control 30 | Case 10.2 ± 4.8 Control 9.9 ± 1.4 | % of subjects with mild DDE, moderate DDE, severe DDE |
Collard 2016 | Cross-sectional observational study | Case 26 Control N/A | < 18 | % of subjects with hypomineralised teeth |
Abu-Zahra 2019 | Cross-sectional study | Case 20 Control N/A | 6–18 | % of subjects with DDE |
Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska 2019 | Cross-sectional study | Case 22 Control 22 | 20–43 | % of subjects with DDE |
Author | DDE Status | Conclusion |
---|---|---|
Jagels&Sweeney 1976 | Case 5% Control 1% | There is no significant difference in the percentage of subjects with DDE between the case and control groups. |
Primosch 1980 | Case 33% Control 13–15% | There was a higher incidence of DDE in the case group when compared to the control group. |
Narang 2003 | Case 10% (primary teeth) 41% (permanent teeth) Control 11% (primary teeth) 21% (permanent teeth) | Higher % of opacities in incisor and molar teeth in the case group compared to the control group. |
Azevedo 2006 | Case 39% (demarcated opacity) 15% (diffuse opacity) 3% (hypoplasia) Control 11% (demarcated opacity) 17% (diffuse opacity) 2% (hypoplasia) | Higher prevalence of demarcated and hypoplastic DDE in the case group compared to the control group. |
Ferrazzano 2009 | Case 55.6% Control 22% | A statistically significant higher prevalence of DDE in the case group. |
Ferrazzano 2012 | Case 33% (primary teeth) 56% (permanent teeth) Control 20% (primary teeth) 23% (permanent teeth) | There is a higher prevalence of DDE in the case group. |
Peker 2014 | Case 83.3% (mild) 16.7% (moderate) 0% (severe) Control 100% (mild) 0% (moderate) 0% (severe) | Higher prevalence of DDE in the case group. |
Collard 2016 | Case 15% | A similar proportion of enamel defects in the case group when compared to the national Welsh average. |
Abu-Zahra 2019 | Case 50% (permanent teeth) 60% (first permanent molars and Incisors) | Higher prevalence of DDE in the case group compared to national averages. |
Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska 2019 | Case 54.55% Control 22.73% | Higher prevalence of DDE in the case group. |
Risk of Bias
Author | Inclusion of a control group | Justified selection of control group | Validated statistical analysis | Validated DDE measure | Examiner number | Examiners) blinded | Inter/ Intra examiner reliability | Risk of Bias |
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Jagels& Sweeney 1976 | Yes | Yes, but controls were siblings of individuals with CF and may have been carriers of the CFTR gene | No | No | 1 | Yes, but case subjects were identifiable | Unknown | High |
Primosch 1980 | Yes | Yes | No | No | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | High |
Narang 2003 | Yes | Yes, but the control group contained individuals with respiratory conditions | Yes | Yes | 1 | Unknown | Unknown | Medium |
Azevedo 2006 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 1 | Unknown | Unknown | Medium |
Ferrazzano 2009 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 2 | Unknown | Unknown | Medium |
Ferrazzano 2012 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 3 | Unknown | Yes | Medium |
Peker 2014 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 1 | No | Yes | Medium |
Collard 2016 | No | N/A | No | Yes | 1 | No | Unknown | High |
Abu-Zahra 2019 | No | N/A | Yes | Yes | 2 | No | Yes | Medium |
Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska 2019 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | 2 | No | Yes | Medium |