Functions of phagocyte-specific S100 proteins
S100A8/A9 | S100A12 | |
---|---|---|
Neutrophils | - Ca2+ store/sensor [2] - ↑Phagocytosis [20] - Ca2+-dependent interaction with cytoskeleton [27, 29, 32]: ↑migration, ↑degranulation, ↑phagocytosis - S100A9 ↓microtubule polymerization [32] | - Zn2+-homeostasis? [26] |
Monocytes | - Ca2+ store/sensor [2] - Ca2+-dependent interaction with cytoskeleton [27, 29, 32]: ↑migration, ↑degranulation, ↑phagocytosis - S100A9 ↓microtubule polymerization [32] |
Role of S100 proteins in autoinflammatory diseases
S100 proteins as biomarkers in clinical practice
S100A8/A9 levels (ng/ml) |
N
| S100A12 levels (ng/ml) |
N
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy controls | 340 ± 70 | 50 | 50 ± 10 | 45 |
50 (5)** | 74 | |||
Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases | ||||
FMF |
110,000 ± 82,000
|
20
|
6720 ± 4960
|
17
|
33,500 (22,200)**
|
7
| |||
PAPA |
116,000 ± 74,000
|
11
|
–
| |
PAMI |
2,045,000 ± 1,300,000
|
13
|
–
| |
NOMID | 2830 ± 580 | 18 | 720 ± 450 | 18 |
MWS | 4390 (2535)* | 12 | 150 ± 60 | 17 |
FCAS | 3600 (4610)* | 5 | – | – |
Polygenic autoinflammatory diseases | ||||
Systemic-onset JIA |
14,920 ± 4030
|
60
|
7190 ± 2690
|
60
|
24,750 ± 11,410
|
20
|
3700 (1080)**
|
33
| |
Polyarticular JIA | 2380 ± 530 | 89 | 395 (45)** | 89 |
PFAPA | 3846 ± 1197 | 15 | 685 ± 210 | 15 |
Vasculitis | ||||
Kawasaki disease | 3630 ± 480 | 21 | 398 (294)* | 67 |
Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis | 881 ± (670)* | 30 | – | – |
Infections | ||||
Severe febrile infections | 3720 ± 870 | 66 | 470 ± 160 | 83 |