Introduction
Methods
Study design and participants
Measures
Statistical analyses
Results
Descriptive characteristics of study participants
Variables | Levels | Girls
n = 8380
| Boys
n = 8102
|
---|---|---|---|
HRQoL | |||
KIDSCREEN-10 | Missing | 7428 (88.6) | 6478 (80.0) |
952 (11.4) | 1624 (20.0) | ||
KIDSCREEN-10, (0–100), mean (SD) | 43.0 (8.3) | 47.6 (9.8) | |
SES | |||
Parents having education from college or university
| No, none of them | 1290 (15.4) | 1218 (15.0) |
Yes, one of them | 2496 (29.8) | 2314 (28.6) | |
Yes, both | 3947 (47.1) | 3775 (46.6) | |
Missing | 647 (7.7) | 795 (9.8) | |
School year | |||
Grade 8, age 13–14 | 1462 (17.4) | 1572 (19.4) | |
Grade 9, age 14–15 | 1418 (16.9) | 1447 (17.9) | |
Grade 10, age 15–16 | 1402 (16.7) | 1407 (17.4) | |
Grade 11, age 16–17 | 1462 (17.4) | 1438 (17.7) | |
Grade 12, age 17–18 | 1304 (15.6) | 1246 (15.4) | |
Grade 13, age 18–19 | 988 (11.8) | 677 (8.4) | |
Missing | 344 (4.2) | 315 (3.8) | |
Ethnicity | |||
Immigration backgrounda | Norwegian born parents | 3091 (36.9) | 2497 (30.8) |
Foreign born parents | 480 (5.7) | 428 (5.3) | |
Missing | 4809 (57.4) | 5177 (63.9) | |
Use of the school health service | |||
Visited the public health nurse at school the previous 12 months | No | 4535 (54.1) | 5783 (71.4) |
1–2 times | 2191 (26.1) | 1190 (14.7) | |
3–5 times | 746 (8.9) | 216 (2.7) | |
6 times or more | 552 (6.6) | 153 (1.9) | |
Missing | 356 (4.3) | 760 (9.3) | |
Is there a PHN at your school? | Yes | 7446 (88.9) | 6243 (77.1) |
No | 58 (0.7) | 86 (1.0) | |
Don’t know | 270 (3.2) | 486 (6.0) | |
Missing | 606 (7.2) | 1287 (15.9) | |
Use of the youth health centre | |||
Visited the youth health centre the previous 12 months | No | 6620 (79.0) | 6882 (85.0) |
1–2 times | 974 (11.6) | 301 (3.7) | |
3–5 times | 207 (2.5) | 64 (0.8) | |
6 times or more | 141 (1.7) | 52 (0.6) | |
Missing | 438 (5.2) | 803 (9.9) | |
Pain | |||
Had headache the last month | Never | 741 (8.8) | 1574 (19.4) |
A few times | 2849 (34.0) | 3243 (40.0) | |
Many times | 2276 (27.2) | 1019 (12.6) | |
Daily | 946 (11.3) | 225 (2.3) | |
Missing | 1568 (18.7) | 2041 (25.2) | |
Had selected physical symptoms (nausea, stomachache, pain in joints, neck or muscles) in the last month | Never | 600 (7.2) | 1283 (15.8) |
Sometimes | 3045 (36.3) | 3441 (42.5) | |
Many times | 2272 (27.1) | 1122 (13.8) | |
Daily | 1118 (13.3) | 427 (5.3) | |
Missing | 1345 (16.1) | 1829 (22.6) | |
Medication use | |||
OTC analgesics use in the last month | Never | 1627 (19.4) | 3263 (40.4) |
Less than once a week or at least weakly | 5407 (64.5) | 3760 (46.4) | |
Many times a week or daily | 1043 (12.4) | 346 (4.3) | |
Missing | 303 (3.6) | 733 (9.0) | |
Mental illness | |||
Hopkins Scale Checklist 10 | Symptoms of psychological distress | 4425 (52.8) | 1783 (22.0) |
No symptoms of psychological distress | 3202 (38.2) | 4859 (60.0) | |
Missing | 753 (9.0) | 1460 (18.0) |
Univariate associations
Use of PHN services at school
Univariate Analysis | Univariate Analyses | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior High School | Senior High School | |||||||
Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |||||
Variables | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
KIDSCREEN-10 |
0.96
|
0.96–0.97
|
0.98
|
0.97–0.99
|
0.97
|
0.96–0.98
|
0.97
|
0.95–0.98
|
Headache | ||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
• Sometimes |
1.49
|
1.17–1.89
|
1.45
|
1.19–1.78
|
1.52
|
1.17–1.99
|
1.64
|
1.22–2.21
|
• Many times |
2.15
|
1.67–2.75
|
1.76
|
1.37–2.25
|
1.94
|
1.48–2.54
|
2.12
|
1.48–3.03
|
• Daily |
2.53
|
1.91–3.34
|
1.83
|
1.18–2.84
|
3.20
|
2.35–4.37
|
2.58
|
1.52–4.37
|
Selected physical symptomsa
| ||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
• Sometimes |
1.64
|
1.24–2.18
|
1.76
|
1.39–2.24
|
1.48
|
1.12–1.95
|
1.57
|
1.16–2.12
|
• Many times |
2.70
|
2.02–3.60
|
2.40
|
1.83–3.16
|
2.03
|
1.53–2.68
|
2.10
|
1.47–2.10
|
• Daily |
3.02
|
2.21–4.11
|
2.44
|
1.72–3.45
|
2.69
|
1.98–3.66
|
2.53
|
1.61–3.98
|
Symptoms of psychological distress | ||||||||
• No symptoms | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
• Symptoms |
1.95
|
1.71–2.23
|
2.04
|
1.73–2.40
|
1.74
|
1.51–2.00
|
2.20
|
1.77–2.74
|
OTCA use | ||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
• Less than once a week |
1.62
|
1.38–1.90
|
1.30
|
1.12–1.51
|
1.62
|
1.34–1.94
|
1.59
|
1.29–1.97
|
or at least weakly | ||||||||
• Many times a week or daily |
2.17
|
1.74–2.70
|
1.77
|
1.29–1.51
|
2.57
|
2.00–3.30
|
2.59
|
1.68–3.99
|
PHN at school | ||||||||
• Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
• No | 0.84 | 0.41–1.74 | 1.49 | 0.80–2.78 |
0.25
|
0.09–0.75
| 0.17 | 0.02–1.23 |
• Don’t know |
0.40
|
0.25–0.65
|
0.56
|
0.35–0.89
|
0.20
|
0.13–0.32
|
0.22
|
0.12–0.38
|
School grade levelb
| ||||||||
• Grade 8 (11) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
• Grade 9 (12) | 0.96 | 0.82–1.11 |
0.82
|
0.69–0.97
|
1.28
|
1.10–1.49
| 1.15 | 0.92–1.44 |
• Grade 10 (13) | 0.97 | 0.84–1.13 |
0.82
|
0.69–0.98
| 1.13 | 0.95–1.34 | 1.15 | 0.88–1.50 |
Parent’s higher educationc
| ||||||||
• No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
• Yes, one | 0.84 | 0.68–1.04 | 0.80 | 0.63–1.02 | 1.01 | 0.84–1.22 | 0.84 | 0.64–1.11 |
• Yes, both |
0.74
|
0.61–0.90
|
0.79
|
0.63–0.99
| 0.85 | 0.71–1.02 | 0.88 | 0.68–1.15 |
Immigration backgroundd
| ||||||||
• Norwegian born parents | 1 | 1 | ||||||
• Foreign born parents | 0.84 | 0.69–1.02 |
1.35
|
1.02–1.78
|
Use of the YHC services
Univariate Analyses | Univariate Analyses | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior High School | Senior High School | |||||||||||
Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |||||||||
Variables | OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
|
KIDSCREEN-10 |
0.95
|
0.94–0.97
|
< .001
|
0.96
|
0.95–0.98
|
< .001
|
0.97
|
0.96–0.98
|
< .001
|
0.97
|
0.95–0.99
|
.008
|
Headache | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes | 1.59 | 1.00–2.53 | .052 | 1.17 | 0.79–1.73 | .447 |
1.71
|
1.20–2.43
|
.003
|
1.76
|
1.07–2.90
|
.026
|
• Many times |
2.25
|
1.41–3.59
|
< .001
|
1.95
|
1.25–3.05
|
.003
|
2.45
|
1.73–3.47
|
< .001
|
2.53
|
1.42–4.50
|
.002
|
• Daily |
2.52
|
1.53–4.17
|
< .001
|
3.90
|
2.11–7.20
|
< .001
|
3.15
|
2.15–4.62
|
< .001
|
2.93
|
1.30–6.58
|
.009
|
Selected physical symptomsa
| ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes | 1.22 | 0.72–2.07 | .463 | 1.00 | 0.64–1.56 | .993 | 1.36 | 0.96–1.91 | .080 |
2.13
|
1.25–3.63
|
.006
|
• Many times |
2.53
|
1.50–4.25
|
< .001
| 1.91 | 1.18–3.80 |
.008
|
2.03
|
1.44–2.86
|
< .001
|
2.50
|
1.35–4.63
|
.004
|
• Daily |
2.82
|
1.64–4.85
|
< .001
| 3.25 | 1.90–5.55 |
< .001
|
2.19
|
1.51–3.16
|
< .001
|
3.60
|
1.76–7.37
|
< .001
|
Symptoms of psychological distress | ||||||||||||
• No symptoms | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Symptoms |
2.49
|
1.97–3.15
|
< .001
|
3.27
|
2.45–4.36
|
< .001
|
1.78
|
1.51–2.11
|
< .001
|
1.54
|
1.08–2.20
|
.017
|
OTCA use | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1
| ||||||||
• Less than once a week or at least weekly |
1.64
|
1.22–2.21
|
.001
| 1.32 | 0.98–1.76 | .065 |
1.93
|
1.52–2.45
|
< .001
|
2.51
|
1.73–3.65
|
< .001
|
• Many times a week or daily |
2.73
|
1.91–3.89
|
< .001
|
2.91
|
1.79–4.72
|
< .001
|
3.13
|
2.34–4.20
|
< .001
|
5.19
|
2.85–9.45
|
< .001
|
School grade levelb
| ||||||||||||
• Grade 8 (11) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Grade 9 (12) |
1.41
|
1.09–1.83
|
.010
| 1.14 | 0.83–1.56 | .431 | 1.15 | 0.96–1.37 | .145 | 1.04 | 0.72–1.50 | .842 |
• Grade 10 (13) |
1.53
|
1.18–1.97
|
.001
| 0.98 | 0.71–1.37 | .914 |
1.38
|
1.14–1.67
|
.001
| 1.44 | 0.96–2.16 | .078 |
Parent’s higher educationc
| ||||||||||||
• No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Yes, one | 0.91 | 0.65–1.28 | .585 | 0.95 | 0.61–1.47 | .807 | 1.17 | 0.94–1.46 | .172 | 1.02 | 0.66–1.56 | 0.94 |
• Yes, both | 0.86 | 0.63–1.17 | .331 | 0.81 | 0.54–1.23 | .332 | 1.19 | 0.96–1.47 | .114 | 0.80 | 0.53–1.23 | 0.310 |
Immigration backgroundd
| ||||||||||||
• Norwegian born parents | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
• Foreign born parents |
0.67
|
0.52–0.86
|
.001
| 1.49 | 0.98–2.26 | .064 |
Multivariate associations
Use of PHN services at school
Multivariate Analyses | Multivariate Analyses | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior High School | Senior High School | |||||||||||
Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |||||||||
Variables | OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
|
KIDSCREEN-10 |
0.98
|
0.97–0.99
|
.004
| 0.99 | 0.98–1.00 | .077 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.074 |
0.98
|
0.96–0.99
|
.007
|
Headache | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes | 1.02 | 0.76–1.36 | .902 | 1.15 | 0.89–1.49 | .279 |
1.40
|
1.03–1.89
|
.031
| 1.05 | 0.73–1.51 | .783 |
• Many times | 1.00 | 0.73–1.38 | .995 | 1.07 | 0.76–1.51 | .692 | 1.37 | 1.00–1.90 | .053 | 0.95 | 0.59–1.53 | .837 |
• Daily | 0.99 | 0.68–1.45 | .975 | 0.91 | 0.51–1.64 | .753 |
2.01
|
1.37–2.95
|
< .001
| 1.10 | 0.55–2.21 | .785 |
Selected physical symptomsa
| ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes |
1.55
|
1.09–2.19
|
.015
|
1.58
|
1.17–2.13
|
.003
| 1.06 | 0.77–1.45 | .722 | 1.31 | 0.90–1.90 | .163 |
• Many times |
1.96
|
1.35–2.84
|
< .001
|
1.81
|
1.26–2.58
|
.001
| 1.25 | 0.89–1.75 | .192 | 1.47 | 0.92–2.34 | .110 |
• Daily |
2.03
|
1.34–3.08
|
< .001
|
2.02
|
1.29–3.17
|
.002
| 1.40 | 0.96–2.05 | .082 | 1.48 | 0.79–2.78 | .219 |
Symptoms of psychological distress | ||||||||||||
• No symptoms | 1 | 1 |
1
| 1 | ||||||||
• Symptoms |
1.40
|
1.14–1.72
|
.001
|
1.72
|
1.35–2.18
|
< .001
|
1.24
|
1.01–1.52
|
.038
|
1.45
|
1.06–1.99
|
.020
|
OTCA use | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Less than once a week or at least weakly |
1.48
|
1.19–1.82
|
< .001
| 1.05 | 0.85–1.29 | .643 |
1.31
|
1.05–1.65
|
.020
|
1.47
|
1.10–1.97
|
.009
|
• Many times a week or daily |
1.70
|
1.25–2.31
|
< .001
| 1.10 | 0.70–1.74 | .678 |
1.63
|
1.17–2.27
|
.004
| 1.36 | 0.70–2.66 | .366 |
PHN at school | ||||||||||||
• Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• No | 1.11 | 0.42–2.98 | .833 | 1.54 | 0.60–3.97 | .368 | 0.37 | 0.12–1.12 | .078 | 0.21 | 0.03–1.62 | .134 |
• Don’t know |
0.35
|
0.19–0.64
|
< .001
|
0.49
|
0.27–0.91
|
.024
|
0.17
|
1.00–0.29
|
< .001
|
0.09
|
0.03–0.23
|
< .001
|
School grade levelb
| ||||||||||||
• Grade 8 (11) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Grade 9 (12) | 0.83 | 0.68–1.01 | .068 | 0.85 | 0.68–1.06 | .146 |
1.31
|
1.08–1.57
|
.005
| 1.06 | 0.79–1.43 | .688 |
• Grade 10 (13) |
0.80
|
0.66–0.98
|
.027
| 0.83 | 0.66–1.04 | .106 | 1.13 | 0.93–1.38 | .232 | 1.21 | 0.87–1.68 | .263 |
Parent’s higher educationc
| ||||||||||||
• No | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
• Yes, one | 0.91 | 0.71–1.18 | .494 | 0.77 | 0.57–1.04 | .093 | ||||||
• Yes, both | 0.86 | 0.68–1.10 | .233 | 0.82 | 0.62–1.09 | .178 | ||||||
Immigration backgroundd
| ||||||||||||
• Norwegian born parents | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
• Foreign born parents | 0.87 | 0.68–1.12 | .290 | 1.38 | 0.97–1.98 | .075 |
Use of YHC services
Multivariate Analyses | Multivariate Analyses | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Junior High School | Senior High School | |||||||||||
Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |||||||||
Variables | OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
|
KIDSCREEN-10 |
0.98
|
0.96–1.00
|
.023
| 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 | .308 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.01 | .604 | 0.99 | 0.96–1.01 | .293 |
Headache | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes | 1.21 | 0.72–2.05 | .474 | 1.16 | 0.69–1.97 | .575 |
1.53
|
1.03–2.27
|
.037
| 1.25 | 0.67–2.32 | .489 |
• Many times | 1.07 | 0.61–0.87 | .812 | 1.30 | 0.68–2.47 | .423 |
1.69
|
1.12–2.55
|
.013
| 1.20 | 0.57–2.56 | .632 |
• Daily | 0.74 | 0.39–1.39 | .347 | 1.77 | 0.75–4.20 | .195 |
1.92
|
1.20–3.08
|
.007
| 0.81 | 0.27–2.49 | .715 |
Selected physical symptomsa
| ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes | 0.91 | 0.49–1.66 | .750 | 0.86 | 0.49–1.52 | .599 | 0.93 | 0.64–1.37 | .726 | 1.38 | 0.74–2.59 | .313 |
• Many times | 1.48 | 0.79–2.76 | .218 | 1.08 | 0.56–2.09 | .811 | 1.17 | 0.78–1.76 | .435 | 1.46 | 0.68–3.13 | .332 |
• Daily | 1.54 | 0.79–3.02 | .208 | 1.71 | 0.82–3.58 | .153 | 1.08 | 0.69–1.68 | .753 | 1.68 | 0.65–4.32 | .283 |
Symptoms of psychological distress | ||||||||||||
• No symptoms | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Symptoms |
1.55
|
1.10–2.18
|
.012
|
2.27
|
1.48–3.47
|
< .001
| 1.19 | 0.94–1.51 | .157 | 1.15 | 0.71–1.89 | .571 |
OTCA use | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Less than once a week or at least weakly | 1.32 | 0.92–1.90 | .133 | 1.03 | 0.69–1.53 | .894 |
1.64
|
1.23–2.20
|
< .001
|
2.36
|
1.44–3.87
|
< .001
|
• Many times a week or daily |
1.83
|
1.15–2.92
|
.011
| 1.28 | 0.62–2.64 | .500 |
2.36
|
1.60–3.46
|
< .001
|
4.37
|
1.84–10.36
|
< .001
|
School grade levelb
| ||||||||||||
• Grade 8 (11) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Grade 9 (12) | 1.21 | 0.88–1.66 | .241 | 1.10 | 0.73–1.67 | .651 | 1.18 | 0.95–1.47 | .143 | 0.77 | 0.48–1.24 | .278 |
• Grade 10 (13) | 1.31 | 0.96–1.78 | .090 |
0.91
|
0.59–1.39
|
< .001
|
1.56
|
1.25–1.95
|
< .001
| 1.13 | 0.69–1.86 | .628 |
Immigration backgroundc
| ||||||||||||
• Norwegian born parents | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
• Foreign born parents |
0.72
|
0.53–0.98
|
.035
|
1.76
|
1.06–2.93
|
.030
|
Sensitivity analysis
Multivariate Analyses—Outcome: Use of PHN at School | Multivariate Analyses—Outcome: Use of Youth Health Centre | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |||||||||
Variables | OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
| OR | 95% CI |
p-value
|
KIDSCREEN-10 |
0.97
|
0.96–0.99
|
.001
| 0.99 | 0.98–1.01 | .199 |
0.96
|
0.94–0.99
|
.002
| 0.98 | 0.95–1.00 | .065 |
Headache | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes | 0.99 | 0.67–1.44 | .971 | 1.08 | 0.78–1.51 | .633 | 0.92 | 0.50–1.68 | .782 | 1.04 | 0.56–1.96 | .897 |
• Many times | 0.90 | 0.60–1.35 | .612 | 1.09 | 0.71–1.66 | .697 | 0.89 | 0.47–1.68 | .726 | 1.23 | 0.57–2.64 | .599 |
• Daily | 0.84 | 0.53–1.34 | .464 | 0.82 | 0.38–1.77 | .610 | 0.56 | 0.27–1.16 | .116 | 0.88 | 0.27–2.90 | .839 |
Selected physical symptoms | ||||||||||||
• Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Sometimes |
1.90
|
1.19–3.03
|
.007
|
1.65
|
1.12–2.44
|
.011
| 0.95 | 0.46–1.96 | .888 | 0.84 | 0.42–1.67 | .610 |
• Many times |
2.93
|
1.79–4.79
|
< .001
|
1.98
|
1.26–3.12
|
.003
| 1.59 | 0.76–3.32 | .223 | 1.10 | 0.50–2.43 | .809 |
• Daily |
2.59
|
1.51–4.42
|
< .001
|
2.11
|
1.20–3.68
|
.009
| 1.35 | 0.61–3.01 | .457 | 1.51 | 0.61–3.72 | .373 |
Symptoms of psychological distress | ||||||||||||
• No symptoms | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
• Symptoms of psychological distress | 1.23 | 0.96–1.58 | .102 |
1.87
|
1.39–2.52
|
< .001
| 1.32 | 0.88–1.96 | .177 |
2.10
|
1.25–3.52
|
.005
|
OTCA | ||||||||||||
• Never | ||||||||||||
• Less than once a week | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
or at least weakly |
1.44
|
1.09–1.90
|
.009
| 1.03 | 0.79–1.34 | .820 | 1.29 | 0.83–2.03 | .263 | 0.84 | 0.52–1.36 | .481 |
• Many times a week or daily |
1.59
|
1.09–2.33
|
.017
| 0.88 | 0.46–1.65 | .680 |
2.10
|
1.20–3.64
|
.009
| 1.27 | 0.51–3.17 | .616 |
School grade level | ||||||||||||
• Grade 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
• Grade 10 | 0.98 | 0.81–1.18 | .806 | 0.98 | 0.78–1.24 | .875 | 1.09 | 0.82–1.45 | .552 | 0.83 | 0.54–1.27 | .388 |
Is there a PHN at your school? | ||||||||||||
• Yes | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
• No | 1.16 | 0.37–3.65 | .794 | 1.79 | 0.63–5.13 | .277 | ||||||
• Don’t know |
0.45
|
0.23–0.86
|
.017
|
0.34
|
0.15–0.77
|
.010
| ||||||
Parent’s education from university or college | ||||||||||||
• No | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
• Yes, one | 0.95 | 0.71–1.27 | .737 |
0.67
|
0.47–0.96
|
.029
| ||||||
• Yes, both | 0.91 | 0.69–1.20 | .509 | 0.82 | 0.59–1.15 | .253 |