Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 3/2011

01.06.2011

The Watery Eye

verfasst von: Jianhua Wang, Meixiao Shen, Lele Cui, Michael R. Wang

Erschienen in: Current Allergy and Asthma Reports | Ausgabe 3/2011

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The surface of the eye needs to be wet constantly to ensure its integrity in maintaining ocular comfort, clear vision, and ocular health. This article presents new findings in the tear dynamics of the human eye, with an emphasis on the tear meniscus and tear film through the day and in response to punctual occlusion and wearing of contact lenses. Recent advances in imaging technique are briefly discussed.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Doane MG. Blinking and the mechanics of the lacrimal drainage system. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:844–51.PubMed Doane MG. Blinking and the mechanics of the lacrimal drainage system. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:844–51.PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsubota K, Nakamori K. Effects of ocular surface area and blink rate on tear dynamics. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:155–8.PubMed Tsubota K, Nakamori K. Effects of ocular surface area and blink rate on tear dynamics. Arch Ophthalmol. 1995;113:155–8.PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat • Palakuru JR, Wang J, Aquavella JV. Effect of blinking on tear volume after instillation of midviscosity artificial tears. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:920–4. This article describes for the first time the effect of blinking on tear volume after instillation of artificial tears. PubMedCrossRef • Palakuru JR, Wang J, Aquavella JV. Effect of blinking on tear volume after instillation of midviscosity artificial tears. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:920–4. This article describes for the first time the effect of blinking on tear volume after instillation of artificial tears. PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Shen M, Wang J, Tao A, et al. Diurnal variation of upper and lower tear menisci. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:801–6.PubMedCrossRef Shen M, Wang J, Tao A, et al. Diurnal variation of upper and lower tear menisci. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145:801–6.PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemp MA. Advances in understanding and managing dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:350–6.PubMedCrossRef Lemp MA. Advances in understanding and managing dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;146:350–6.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Palakuru JR, Wang J, Aquavella JV. Effect of blinking on tear dynamics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3032–7.PubMedCrossRef Palakuru JR, Wang J, Aquavella JV. Effect of blinking on tear dynamics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3032–7.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Shen M, Li J, Wang J, et al. Upper and lower tear menisci in the diagnosis of dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:2722–6.PubMedCrossRef Shen M, Li J, Wang J, et al. Upper and lower tear menisci in the diagnosis of dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:2722–6.PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang J, Aquavella J, Palakuru J, et al. Relationships between central tear film thickness and tear menisci of the upper and lower eyelids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:4349–55.PubMedCrossRef Wang J, Aquavella J, Palakuru J, et al. Relationships between central tear film thickness and tear menisci of the upper and lower eyelids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:4349–55.PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Sahlin S, Laurell CG, Chen E, Philipson B. Lacrimal drainage capacity, age and blink rate. Orbit. 1998;17:155–9.PubMedCrossRef Sahlin S, Laurell CG, Chen E, Philipson B. Lacrimal drainage capacity, age and blink rate. Orbit. 1998;17:155–9.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Sahlin S, Chen E. Gravity, blink rate, and lacrimal drainage capacity. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124:758–64.PubMed Sahlin S, Chen E. Gravity, blink rate, and lacrimal drainage capacity. Am J Ophthalmol. 1997;124:758–64.PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Rolando M, Zierhut M. The ocular surface and tear film and their dysfunction in dry eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45 Suppl 2:S203–10.PubMedCrossRef Rolando M, Zierhut M. The ocular surface and tear film and their dysfunction in dry eye disease. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45 Suppl 2:S203–10.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Palakuru JR, Wang J, Aquavella JV. Effect of blinking on tear dynamics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3032–7.PubMedCrossRef Palakuru JR, Wang J, Aquavella JV. Effect of blinking on tear dynamics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007;48:3032–7.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007;5:108–52. Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007;5:108–52.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Pflugfelder SC, Tseng SC, Sanabria O, et al. Evaluation of subjective assessments and objective diagnostic tests for diagnosing tear-film disorders known to cause ocular irritation. Cornea. 1998;17:38–56.PubMedCrossRef Pflugfelder SC, Tseng SC, Sanabria O, et al. Evaluation of subjective assessments and objective diagnostic tests for diagnosing tear-film disorders known to cause ocular irritation. Cornea. 1998;17:38–56.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan Y, Wang J, Chen Q, et al. Reduced tear meniscus dynamics in dry eye patients with aqueous tear deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:932–8.PubMedCrossRef Yuan Y, Wang J, Chen Q, et al. Reduced tear meniscus dynamics in dry eye patients with aqueous tear deficiency. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:932–8.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Chen Q, Wang J, Tao A, et al. Ultrahigh-resolution measurement by optical coherence tomography of dynamic tear film changes on contact lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:1988–93. This article reports for the first time on visualized post-lens tear film and its alternation over time. PubMedCrossRef •• Chen Q, Wang J, Tao A, et al. Ultrahigh-resolution measurement by optical coherence tomography of dynamic tear film changes on contact lenses. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:1988–93. This article reports for the first time on visualized post-lens tear film and its alternation over time. PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang J, Jiao S, Ruggeri M, et al. In situ visualization of tears on contact lens using ultra high resolution optical coherence tomography. Eye Contact Lens. 2009;35:44–9.PubMedCrossRef Wang J, Jiao S, Ruggeri M, et al. In situ visualization of tears on contact lens using ultra high resolution optical coherence tomography. Eye Contact Lens. 2009;35:44–9.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat • Gonzalez-Meijome JM, Cervino A, Carracedo G, et al. High-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography technology for the visualization of contact lens to cornea relationships. Cornea. 2010;29:1359–67. This article reports on the use of UHR-OCT for imaging the post-lens tear film and its relationship to ocular surface. PubMedCrossRef • Gonzalez-Meijome JM, Cervino A, Carracedo G, et al. High-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography technology for the visualization of contact lens to cornea relationships. Cornea. 2010;29:1359–67. This article reports on the use of UHR-OCT for imaging the post-lens tear film and its relationship to ocular surface. PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat • Hosaka E, Kawamorita T, Ogasawara Y, et al. Interferometry in the evaluation of precorneal tear film thickness in dry eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151:18–23. This is the first report on the evidence of thinned tear film in dry eye. PubMedCrossRef • Hosaka E, Kawamorita T, Ogasawara Y, et al. Interferometry in the evaluation of precorneal tear film thickness in dry eye. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;151:18–23. This is the first report on the evidence of thinned tear film in dry eye. PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat King-Smith PE, Fink BA, Fogt N, et al. The thickness of the human precorneal tear film: evidence from reflection spectra. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:3348–59.PubMed King-Smith PE, Fink BA, Fogt N, et al. The thickness of the human precorneal tear film: evidence from reflection spectra. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:3348–59.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Nichols JJ, Nichols KK, Puent B, et al. Evaluation of tear film interference patterns and measures of tear break-up time. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79:363–9.PubMedCrossRef Nichols JJ, Nichols KK, Puent B, et al. Evaluation of tear film interference patterns and measures of tear break-up time. Optom Vis Sci. 2002;79:363–9.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Leveque G, Villachon-Renard Y. Determination of optical constants of thin film from reflectance spectra. Appl Opt. 1990;29:3207–12.PubMedCrossRef Leveque G, Villachon-Renard Y. Determination of optical constants of thin film from reflectance spectra. Appl Opt. 1990;29:3207–12.PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J. 1995;21:221–32.PubMed Lemp MA. Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. CLAO J. 1995;21:221–32.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Doane MG. Interactions of eyelids and tears in corneal wetting and the dynamics of the normal human eyeblink. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;89:507–16.PubMed Doane MG. Interactions of eyelids and tears in corneal wetting and the dynamics of the normal human eyeblink. Am J Ophthalmol. 1980;89:507–16.PubMed
26.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mishima S. Some physiological aspects of the precorneal tear film. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;73:233–41.PubMed Mishima S. Some physiological aspects of the precorneal tear film. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;73:233–41.PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Benedetto DA, Shah DO, Kaufman HE. The instilled fluid dynamics and surface chemistry of polymers in the preocular tear film. Invest Ophthalmol. 1975;14:887–902.PubMed Benedetto DA, Shah DO, Kaufman HE. The instilled fluid dynamics and surface chemistry of polymers in the preocular tear film. Invest Ophthalmol. 1975;14:887–902.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Ehlers N. The thickness of the precorneal tear film. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;81:92–100. Ehlers N. The thickness of the precorneal tear film. Arch Ophthalmol. 1965;81:92–100.
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Prydal JI, Artal P, Woon H, Campbell FW. Study of human precorneal tear film thickness and structure using laser interferometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2006–11.PubMed Prydal JI, Artal P, Woon H, Campbell FW. Study of human precorneal tear film thickness and structure using laser interferometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2006–11.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Oguz H, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S. The height and radius of the tear meniscus and methods for examining these parameters. Cornea. 2000;19:497–500.PubMedCrossRef Oguz H, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S. The height and radius of the tear meniscus and methods for examining these parameters. Cornea. 2000;19:497–500.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Uchida A, Uchino M, Goto E, et al. Noninvasive interference tear meniscometry in dry eye patients with Sjogren syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:232–7.PubMedCrossRef Uchida A, Uchino M, Goto E, et al. Noninvasive interference tear meniscometry in dry eye patients with Sjogren syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:232–7.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Mainstone JC, Bruce AS, Golding TR. Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye. Curr Eye Res. 1996;15:653–61.PubMedCrossRef Mainstone JC, Bruce AS, Golding TR. Tear meniscus measurement in the diagnosis of dry eye. Curr Eye Res. 1996;15:653–61.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang J, Fonn D, Simpson TL, Jones L. Precorneal and pre- and postlens tear film thickness measured indirectly with optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:2524–8.PubMedCrossRef Wang J, Fonn D, Simpson TL, Jones L. Precorneal and pre- and postlens tear film thickness measured indirectly with optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:2524–8.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Farris RL, Stuchell RN, Mandel ID. Basal and reflex human tear analysis. I. Physical measurements: osmolarity, basal volumes, and reflex flow rate. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:852–7.PubMed Farris RL, Stuchell RN, Mandel ID. Basal and reflex human tear analysis. I. Physical measurements: osmolarity, basal volumes, and reflex flow rate. Ophthalmology. 1981;88:852–7.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen F, Shen M, Chen W, et al. Tear meniscus volume in dry eye after punctal occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:1965–9.PubMedCrossRef Chen F, Shen M, Chen W, et al. Tear meniscus volume in dry eye after punctal occlusion. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:1965–9.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat • Chen F, Wang J, Chen W, et al. Upper punctal occlusion versus lower punctal occlusion in dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:5571–7. This article reports on the dynamic changes in tear meniscus volume after punctual occlusion. PubMedCrossRef • Chen F, Wang J, Chen W, et al. Upper punctal occlusion versus lower punctal occlusion in dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:5571–7. This article reports on the dynamic changes in tear meniscus volume after punctual occlusion. PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Q, Wang J, Shen M, et al. Lower volumes of tear menisci in contact lens wearers with dry eye symptoms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:3159–63.PubMedCrossRef Chen Q, Wang J, Shen M, et al. Lower volumes of tear menisci in contact lens wearers with dry eye symptoms. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:3159–63.PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen Q, Wang J, Shen M, et al. Tear menisci and ocular discomfort during daily contact lens wear in symptomatic wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010. Chen Q, Wang J, Shen M, et al. Tear menisci and ocular discomfort during daily contact lens wear in symptomatic wearers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010.
Metadaten
Titel
The Watery Eye
verfasst von
Jianhua Wang
Meixiao Shen
Lele Cui
Michael R. Wang
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2011
Verlag
Current Science Inc.
Erschienen in
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports / Ausgabe 3/2011
Print ISSN: 1529-7322
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-6315
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-011-0183-x

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2011

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports 3/2011 Zur Ausgabe

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

HNO-Op. auch mit über 90?

16.04.2024 HNO-Chirurgie Nachrichten

Mit Blick auf das Risiko für Komplikationen nach elektiven Eingriffen im HNO-Bereich scheint das Alter der Patienten kein ausschlaggebender Faktor zu sein. Entscheidend ist offenbar, wie fit die Betroffenen tatsächlich sind.

Intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie gewinnt an Boden

16.04.2024 Tonsillektomie Nachrichten

Gegenüber der vollständigen Entfernung der Gaumenmandeln hat die intrakapsuläre Tonsillektomie einige Vorteile, wie HNO-Fachleute aus den USA hervorheben. Sie haben die aktuelle Literatur zu dem Verfahren gesichtet.

Update HNO

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert – ganz bequem per eMail.