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Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie 11/2020

15.04.2020 | Tuberkulose | Übersichten

Neues zur Therapie der okulären Tuberkulose

verfasst von: Larissa Christina Brönnimann, Stefan Zimmerli, Justus Gerhard Garweg, M.D.

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 11/2020

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die tuberkulöse Uveitis (TU) ist anfangs meist wenig akut, von geringen Sehstörungen begleitet und betrifft oft gesund wirkende jüngere Patienten, sodass die Diagnose häufig primär verpasst wird.

Ziel dieser Arbeit

Ziel ist ein Update zu den therapeutischen Aspekten bei Verdacht auf TU.

Material und Methoden

Anhand einer Literaturrecherche in PubMed zu den Stichworten <„uveitis“ AND „tuberculosis“ AND „treatment“> wurden alle Studien, größere Fallserien sowie Übersichtsartikel der letzten 10 Jahre und darin zitierte Querverweise basierend auf der Expertise der Autoren ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Wenn der Verdacht auf eine TU sich nicht erhärten lässt, müssen Risiken und Nutzen der Therapie abgewogen werden. Das Ansprechen der Uveitis auf die antituberkulöse Therapie (ATT) in 82 % ist ein wichtiger diagnostischer Hinweis. In Anbetracht dieser bemerkenswert guten Ansprechrate und vertretbarer Nebenwirkungen der ATT erscheint eine großzügige Indikationsstellung akzeptabel. Fehlendes Ansprechen oder eine paradoxe Verschlechterung der TU unter Therapie bei extrapulmonalen Tuberkulosemanifestationen sind vermutlich Ausdruck einer Hypersensitivitätsreaktion auf mykobakterielle Antigene und bedürfen einer zusätzlichen systemischen Steroidtherapie. Der Morbus Eales wird als vaskulitische Verlaufsform mit der TU assoziiert, spricht auf eine ATT nicht an und wird durch Lasertherapie der Ischämieareale behandelt.

Diskussion

Eine TU tritt oft bei sonst gesunden Personen meist ohne extraokuläre Manifestationen auf. Ein früher Beginn der ATT möglichst vor einer systemischen Steroidtherapie ist entscheidend für die langfristige funktionelle Erholung. Ein Therapieerfolg, definiert als Ausbleiben von Uveitisrezidiven innerhalb 6 Monaten nach Beendigung der Therapie ist damit in mindestens 82 % zu erwarten. Bei paradoxer Verschlechterung oder fehlendem Ansprechen ist zusätzlich eine Kontrolle der Entzündungsreaktion erforderlich.
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Metadaten
Titel
Neues zur Therapie der okulären Tuberkulose
verfasst von
Larissa Christina Brönnimann
Stefan Zimmerli
Justus Gerhard Garweg, M.D.
Publikationsdatum
15.04.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 11/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-020-01099-1

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