Introduction
Materials and methods
Subjects
Data collection, thigh circumference and abdominal circumference analysis
Measurement of clinical parameters
Statistical analysis
Results
Clinical characteristics
Variables | T1(n = 1028) | T2(n = 863) | T3(n = 899) | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age(Year) * | 32.92 ± 7.61 | 35.25 ± 8.64 | 38.15 ± 10.09 | < 0.001 |
Male(%)* | 186(18.09) | 174(20.16) | 272(30.26) | < 0.001 |
Female(%)* | 842(81.91) | 689(79.84) | 627(69.74) | < 0.001 |
BMI(kg/m2) * | 21.28 ± 2.39 | 22.40 ± 2.52 | 24.31 ± 2.90 | < 0.001 |
FPG(mmol/L) * | 4.74 ± 0.42 | 4.86 ± 0.52 | 4.95 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 |
ALT(U/L)* | 13(10,17) | 13(10,20) | 16(12,22) | < 0.001 |
AST(U/L)* | 17(15,20) | 17(15,20) | 18(16,21.5) | 0.003 |
SBP(mmHg)* | 113.57 ± 12.23 | 117.31 ± 13.45 | 121.54 ± 14.09 | < 0.001 |
DBP(mmHg)* | 69.14 ± 8.99 | 71.30 ± 9.32 | 73.55 ± 10.09 | < 0.001 |
TC(mmol/L)* | 4.43 ± 0.77 | 4.56 ± 0.79 | 4.67 ± 0.84 | < 0.001 |
TG(mmol/L)* | 0.75(0.59,0.98) | 0.86(0.65,1.13) | 1.03(0.76,1.40) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C(mmol/L)* | 1.56 ± 0.31 | 1.49 ± 0.30 | 1.40 ± 0.30 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C(mmol/L)* | 2.60 ± 0.68 | 2.77 ± 0.69 | 2.94 ± 0.73 | < 0.001 |
Neck circumference(cm)* | 32.19 ± 2.44 | 33.54 ± 2.32 | 33.56 ± 2.55 | < 0.001 |
Variables | Control (n = 2421) | MAFLD (n = 369) | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (Year) | 34.96 ± 8.86 | 37.78 ± 9.85 | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 477(19.70) | 155(42.01) | < 0.001 |
Female (%) | 1944(80.30) | 214(57.99) | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.22 ± 2.70 | 25.11 ± 2.89 | < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 4.81 ± 0.47 | 5.05 ± 0.77 | < 0.001 |
ALT(U/L) | 13(10,19) | 19(13,26) | < 0.001 |
AST(U/L) | 17(15,20) | 19(16,22) | < 0.001 |
SBP(mmHg) | 116.41 ± 13.43 | 123.18 ± 13.50 | < 0.001 |
DBP(mmHg) | 70.70 ± 9.47 | 74.72 ± 9.91 | < 0.001 |
TC(mmol/L) | 4.52 ± 0.79 | 4.73 ± 0.88 | < 0.001 |
TG(mmol/L) | 0.82(0.63,1.09) | 1.22(0.89,1.71) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.51 ± 0.31 | 1.31 ± 0.26 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C(mmol/L) | 2.72 ± 0.70 | 3.04 ± 0.75 | < 0.001 |
WTTR | 1.62 ± 0.09 | 1.68 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
Neck circumference(cm) | 33.36 ± 2.69 | 35.87 ± 2.59 | < 0.001 |
The results of Cox proportional hazard regression
Variables | HR | 95%CI | P-Value |
---|---|---|---|
WTTR | 1.035 | 1.024–1.047 | < 0.001 |
FPG(mmol/L) | 1.272 | 1.103–1.467 | 0.001 |
SBP(mmHg) | 1.010 | 1.002–1.017 | 0.012 |
TG(mmol/L) | 1.406 | 1.238–1.598 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C(mmol/L) | 0.346 | 0.222–0.538 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C(mmol/L) | 1.334 | 1.164–1.529 | < 0.001 |
Neck circumference(cm) | 1.270 | 1.210–1.334 | < 0.001 |
Variables | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model1 | 1 | 2.28(1.66,3.13) | 4.27(3.19,5.71) | < 0.001 |
Model2 | 1 | 2.17(1.58,2.98) | 3.63(2.70,4.89) | < 0.001 |
Model3 | 1 | 1.82(1.229,2.55) | 2.65(1.91,3.67) | < 0.001 |
Variables | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model1 | 1 | 2.91(1.94,4.35) | 8.85(6.12,12.79) | < 0.001 |
Model2 | 1 | 2.84(1.89,4.25) | 8.95(6.00,13.35) | < 0.001 |
Model3 | 1 | 2.27(1.49,3.47) | 5.19(3.37,7.99) | < 0.001 |
Subgroup analysis of incident MAFLD
Subgroup | N | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 | 1161 | Model1 | 1 | 1.49(1.02,2.19) | 1.81(1.28,2.57) | <0.05 |
Model2 | 1 | 1.46(0.99,2.15) | 1.78(1.25,2.53) | <0.05 | ||
Model3 | 1 | 1.29(0.85,1.96) | 1.56(1.07,2.29) | <0.05 | ||
BMI<23 kg/m2 | 1629 | Model1 | 1 | 2.29(1.31,4.02) | 4.29(2.44,7.56) | < 0.001 |
Model2 | 1 | 2.31(1.31,4.05) | 3.89(2.17,6.97) | < 0.001 | ||
Model3 | 1 | 1.87(1.03,3.40) | 2.57(1.36,4.85) | < 0.001 |
Subgroup | N | T1 | T2 | T3 | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 | 1161 | Model1 | 1 | 0.93(0.42,2.05) | 2.14(1.00,4.57) | 0.858 |
Model2 | 1 | 0.92(0.42,2.04) | 1.91(0.88,4.14) | 0.839 | ||
Model3 | 1 | 0.93(0.40,2.20) | 1.63(0.70,3.79) | 0.874 | ||
BMI<23 kg/m2 | 1629 | Model1 | 1 | 2.22(1.32,3.74) | 4.56(2.59,8.03) | 0.003 |
Model2 | 1 | 2.24(1.32,3.78) | 6.38(2.42,16.81) | 0.003 | ||
Model3 | 1 | 1.65(0.95,2.86) | 3.25(1.16,9.14) | 0.074 |