Background
Methods
Search strategy
Databases
Database | Search terms | |
---|---|---|
Assia
| 1 | Child* and death or autopsy and parent* or bereavement and social worker or police or physician |
2 | Child* and death and police or social work | |
3 | Child* and murder and parent* | |
Ovid
| 1 | Grief or self-help group or prof- family relations or bereaved parent as keyword (k.w) And SIDS or child mortality or infant mortality or cause of death |
2 | Death (expl- explode) – limit to <18 yrs And Bereavement expl/grief expl/parent# bereavement (k.w) And Autopsy expl | |
3 | Death expl – limit to <18 yrs And Bereavement expl/grief expl/parent# bereavement (k.w)/parent# expl And Forensic pathology expl/ forensic science expl/forensic# (k.w)/forensic medicine expl | |
4 | 1. Death expl – limit to <18 yrs And Bereavement expl/grief expl/parent# bereavement (k.w)/ parent#expl And P?ediatrician (k.w) or physicians role expl or physician practice pattern exp or attitude of health personnel expl or physician expl or health visitor (k.w.) or community health nursing expl | |
5 | Death expl – limit to <18 yrs And Bereavement expl/grief expl/parent# bereavement (k.w) And Social worker (kw) or social work expl or police expl or police (kw) | |
6 | Death expl – limit to <18 yrs And coroner expl or medical examiner expl or coroner k.w. | |
Cinhahl
| Search using ‘child death’ as word in abstract | |
Google scholar
| 1 | ‘bereaved parent doctor’ |
2 | ‘bereaved parent social work’ | |
3 | ‘bereaved parent police’ |
Grey literature
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Selection process of studies and critical appraisal
Data extraction, analysis and synthesis
Results
Search results
Authors and year of publication | Name of study | Population and country | Study type | Proportion of study results included |
---|---|---|---|---|
W Ahrens, R Hart and N Maruyama [50] 1997 | Pediatric death: managing the aftermath in the emergency department | SIDS parents | Postal questionnaire survey | 100% |
N = 37 | ||||
USA | ||||
A Dent, L Condon, P Blair and P Fleming [10] 1996 | A study of bereavement care after a sudden and unexpected death. | Parents of children dying suddenly | Postal questionnaire survey | 50% |
N = 42 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
MA DiMarco, EM Menke and T McNamara [48] 2001 | Evaluating a support group for perinatal loss | Parents of infants dying perinatally | Postal questionnaire survey | Minimal data |
N = 121 | ||||
USA | ||||
I Finlay and D Dallimore [9] 1991 | Your child is dead | Parents of children dying of any cause at any age | Postal questionnaire survey | 100% |
N = 120 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
MB Harper and NB Wisian [57] 1994 | Care of bereaved parents. A study of patient satisfaction | Parents of infants dying perinatally and in infancy | Postal questionnaire survey or questionnaire distributed at support group | 66% |
N = 28 | ||||
USA | ||||
A Hazzard, J Weston and C Gutterres [60] 1992 | After a child's death: factors related to parental bereavement | Parents of children dying of any cause at any age | Structured interview | Minimal data |
N = 45 | ||||
USA | ||||
J Krauel Vidal, M Silva Vazquez, M Ibanez Fanes, R Florensa Palau and J Moreno Hernando [59] (translated from Spanish) 1992 | Attitude towards parents after the death of their newborn infant in a neonatal unit | Parents of infants dying on neonatal units | Postal questionnaire survey | 100% |
N = 49 | ||||
Spain | ||||
H Laakso and M Paunonen-Ilmonen [59] 2002 | Mothers’ experience of social support following the death of a child | Mothers of children dying under age 7 years. | Questionnaire and structured interview | 50% |
N = 91 | ||||
Finland | ||||
A Livesey [51] 2005 | A multiagency protocol for responding to sudden unexpected death in infancy: descriptive study | Parents of infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly | Postal questionnaire survey as part of audit of practice | Minimal data |
N = 29 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
AJ Macnab, T Northway, K Ryall, D Scott and G Straw [23] 2003 | Death and bereavement in a paediatric intensive care unit: Parental perceptions of staff support | Parents of children dying on intensive care unit | Questionnaire and structured interview | 100% |
N = 24 | ||||
Canada | ||||
M McDonnell, A Cullen, B Kiberd, M Mehanni and T Matthews [52] 1999 | A national model of care service for professionals dealing with sudden infant death | Parents of infants dying of SIDS | Structured interview | 50% |
N = 131 | ||||
Republic of Ireland | ||||
EC Meyer, JP Burns, JL Griffith and RD Truog [56] 2002 | Parental perspectives on end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit | Parents of children dying on paediatric intensive care units | Postal questionnaire survey | 33% |
N = 56 | ||||
USA | ||||
JR Neidig and P Dalgas-Pelish [25] 1991 | Parental grieving and perceptions regarding health care professionals’ interventions | Parents of children dying of any cause at any age. | Postal questionnaire survey | 25% |
N = 22 | ||||
USA | ||||
RC Oliver, JP Sturtevant, JP Scheetz and ME Fallat [33] 2001 | Beneficial effects of a hospital bereavement intervention program after traumatic childhood death | Parents of children dying from trauma | Structured interview | Minimal data |
N = 54 | ||||
USA | ||||
BM Ostfeld, T Ryan, M Hiatt and T Hegyi [58] 1993 | Maternal grief after sudden infant death syndrome | Parents of infants dying of SIDS | Postal questionnaire survey | Minimal data |
N = 38 | ||||
USA | ||||
M Powell [53] 1991 | Sudden infant death syndrome: a crisis for parents and health professionals | Parents of infants dying of SIDS | Structured interview | 25% |
N = 40 | ||||
Republic of Ireland | ||||
HA Rahman and TY Khong [45] 1995 | Perinatal and infant postmortem examination. Survey of women's reactions to perinatal necropsy. | Mothers of infants dying perinatally | Telephone questionnaire survey | 100% (published as letter only) |
N = 29 | ||||
Australia | ||||
J Rankin, C Wright and T Lind [43] 2002 | Cross sectional survey of parents’ experience and views of the postmortem examination | Mothers of infants dying perinatally or in infancy | Postal questionnaire survey | 100% |
N = 148 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
Royal College of Pathologists and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health [31] 2004 | Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy; A multi-agency protocol for care and investigation | Parents of infants dying of SIDS | Postal questionnaire survey and comments made to support group by other parents | 100% |
N = 892 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
PR Sexton and SB Stephen [24] 1991 | Postpartum mothers’ perceptions of nursing interventions for perinatal grief. | Mothers of infants dying perinatally | Telephone questionnaire survey | 50% |
N = 30 | ||||
USA | ||||
DJ Spooren, H Henderick and C Jannes [36] 2000 | Survey description of stress of parents bereaved from a child killed in a traffic accident. A retrospective study of a victim support group | Parents of children dying in road traffic accidents | Postal questionnaire survey | 25% |
N = 85 | ||||
Belgium | ||||
J Sullivan and P Monagle [32] 2011 | Bereaved parents’ perceptions of the autopsy examination of their child | Parents of children undergoing autopsy | Postal questionnaire survey | 50% |
N = 53 | ||||
Australia | ||||
B Teklay, LB Wiwe and JL Thomsen [34] 2005 | Contact with relatives after forensic autopsies | Relatives of patients having forensic autopsy | Case record review by pathology department | 100% |
N = 360 | ||||
Denmark | ||||
F Thuen [37] 1997 | Social Support after the Loss of an Infant Child: A Long-Term Perspective. | Parents of infants dying of SIDS | Postal questionnaire survey | Minimal data |
N = 251 | ||||
Norway | ||||
MMT Vennemann, C Rentsch, T Bajanowski and G Zimmer [42] 2006 | Are autopsies of help to the parents of SIDS victims? A follow-up on SIDS families. | Parents of infants dying of SIDS | Postal questionnaire survey | 100% |
N = 141 | ||||
Germany |
Authors and year of publication | Name of study | Population and country | Study type | Proportion of study results included |
---|---|---|---|---|
MA Ashby, RJ Kosky, HT Laver and EB Sims [12] 1991 | An enquiry into death and dying at the Adelaide Children's Hospital: a useful model? | Parents of children dying in hospital | Interviews with staff and parents, written submissions | Minimal data |
N = 6 | ||||
Australia | ||||
T Bellali, I Papazoglou and D Papadatou [22] 2007 | Empirically based recommendations to support parents facing the dilemma of paediatric cadaver organ donation. | Parents who were asked to donate their children’s organs | In-depth interviews with parents | Minimal data |
N = 22 | ||||
Greece | ||||
KL Bright, MB Huff and K Hollon [39] 2009 | A broken heart--the physician’s role: bereaved parents’ perceptions of interactions with physicians”. | Bereaved parents, children dying of any age, including adulthood, of any cause | Postal survey with open-ended question | 100% |
N = 137 | ||||
USA | ||||
SK Kuhn [27] 2008 | The process of parental bereavement following the violent death of a child. PhD Thesis | Parents of children (including young adults) dying in violent deaths | In –depth interviews with parents | Not applicable PhD Thesis |
N = 11 | ||||
USA | ||||
CM Lemmer [13] 1991 | Parental perceptions of caring following perinatal bereavement | Parents of infants dying in the neonatal period | In –depth interviews with parents | 25% |
N = 28 | ||||
USA | ||||
ME Macdonald, S Liben, FA Carnevale, JE Rennick, SL Wolf, D Meloche and SR Cohen [40] 2005 | Parental perspectives on hospital staff members’ acts of kindness and commemoration after a child’s death | Parents of children dying on paediatric intensive care units (PICU) | Field ethnography | 50% |
N = 12 | ||||
Canada | ||||
HE McHaffie, IA Laing and DJ Lloyd [29] 2001 | Follow up care of bereaved parents after treatment withdrawal from newborns | Parents of infants dying on neonatal intensive care (NICU) | In –depth interviews with parents | 100% |
N = 108 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
KL Meert, S Eggly, M Pollack, KJS Anand, J Zimmerman, J Carcillo, CJL Newth, JM Dean, DF Willson and C Nicholson [38] 2007 | Parents’ perspectives regarding a physician-parent conference after their child’s death in the pediatric intensive care unit | Parents of children dying on paediatric intensive care units (PICU) | In –depth interviews with parents (2007) | 100% |
N = 56 | ||||
USA | ||||
KL Meert, S Eggly, M Pollack, KJS Anand, J Zimmerman, J Carcillo, CJL Newth, JM Dean, DF Willson and C Nicholson [46] 2008 | Parents’ perspectives on physician-parent communication near the time of a child’s death in the pediatric intensive care unit | Secondary analysis of data from Meert, Eggly et al. [38] | Minimal Data | |
KL Meert, SH Briller, SM Schim, C Thurston and A Kabel [18] 2009 | Examining the needs of bereaved parents in the pediatric intensive care unit: a qualitative study. | Parents of children dying on paediatric intensive care units (PICU) | In –depth interviews and focus groups with parents | 75% |
N = 46 | ||||
USA | ||||
EC Meyer, MD Ritholz, JP Burns and RD Truog [15] 2006 | Improving the quality of end-of-life care in the pediatric intensive care unit: parents’ priorities and recommendations | Parents of children dying on paediatric intensive care units (PICU) | Open-ended postal questionnaire | Minimal Data |
N = 56 | ||||
USA | ||||
H Nordby and O Nohr [49] 2009 | Interactive emergency communication involving persons in crisis | Parents of SIDS infants | Semi-structured interviews with parents | Minimal Data |
N = 11 | ||||
Norway | ||||
EA Pector [30] 2004 | How bereaved multiple-birth parents cope with hospitalization, homecoming, disposition for deceased, and attachment to survivors. | Parents of multiple birth infants who die neonatally | Narrative email survey | 25% |
N = 70 | ||||
USA | ||||
DE Reilly, JC Huws, RP Hastings and FL Vaughan [14] 2008 | ‘When your child dies you don’t belong in that world anymore.’ - Experiences of mothers whose child with an intellectual disability has died | Bereaved mothers of children who had an intellectual disability (ID) | In-depth interviews with parents | 25% |
N = 9 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
AH Schaap, H Wolf, HW Bruinse, S Barkhof-van de Lande and PE Treffers [20] 1997 | Long-term impact of perinatal bereavement. Comparison of grief reactions after intrauterine versus neonatal death | Parents of infants dying perinatally | In-depth interviews with parents | Minimal Data |
N = 38 | ||||
The Netherlands | ||||
C Skene [26] 1998 | Individualised bereavement care | Parents of infants dying neonatally | Semi-structured interviews with bereaved mothers | Minimal Data |
N = 9 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
C Snowdon, DR Elbourne and J Garcia [44] 2004 | Perinatal pathology in the context of a clinical trial: attitudes of bereaved parents | Parents of infants dying on neonatal intensive care (NICU) | Semi-structured interviews with bereaved mothers | Minimal Data |
N = 18 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
P Swanson, J Brockbank, J Houghton, P Mountbatten, B Read, A Ross and J Woodward [21] 2002 | Panel discussion. Grief and bereavement with the loss of a twin | Mothers of multiple birth children dying at any time (including adulthood) | Semi-structured interviews with bereaved mothers | Minimal Data |
N = 66 | ||||
Australia | ||||
S Todd [55] 2007 | Silenced grief: living with the death of a child with intellectual disabilities | Bereaved parents of children who had an intellectual disability (ID) | In-depth interviews with parents | Minimal Data |
N = 13 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
A Wisten and K Zingmark [16] 2007 | Supportive needs of parents confronted with sudden cardiac death--a qualitative study | Parents of children suffering a sudden cardiac death (including adult deaths) | In-depth interviews with parents | 100% |
N = 28 | ||||
Sweden |
Authors and year of publication | Name of study | Population and country | Study type | Proportion of study results included |
---|---|---|---|---|
LK Calhoun [19] 1994 | Parents’ perceptions of nursing support following neonatal loss | Parents of infants dying in neonatal units | Questionnaire distributed by support group | 100% |
N = 23 | ||||
USA | ||||
SN Covington and SK Theut [28] 1993 | Reactions to perinatal loss: a qualitative analysis of the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey | Mothers of infants dying perinatally | Postal questionnaire survey | 75% |
N = 413 | ||||
USA | ||||
A Dent [47] 2000 | Support for families whose child dies suddenly from accident or illness. PhD Thesis | Parents of children dying suddenly | Postal questionnaire survey | Not applicable – PhD thesis |
N = 72 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
K Dyregrov [54] 2002 | Assistance from local authorities versus survivors’ needs for support after suicide | Parents of children who committed suicide | Postal questionnaire survey with in-depth interviews for a sample of participants | 50% |
N = 128 | ||||
Norway | ||||
HE McHaffie, PW Fowlie, R Hume, IA Laing, DJ Lloyd and AJ Lyon [41] 2001 | Consent to autopsy for neonates | Parents of infants dying on neonatal units | In-depth interviews with parents | 75% |
N = 108 | ||||
United Kingdom | ||||
E Merlevede, D Spooren, H Henderick, G Portzky, W Buylaert, C Jannes, P Calle, M Van Staey, C De Rock, L Smeesters, et al. [17] 2004 | Perceptions, needs and mourning reactions of bereaved relatives confronted with a sudden unexpected death | Relatives of people dying suddenly | Structured interview and analysis of clinical records | 25% |
N = 74 | ||||
Belgium | ||||
L Sterry and L Bathgate [35] 2011 | Scottish Cot Death Trust Project Report | Parents of infants dying of SIDS | Internet or postal questionnaire survey | 75% |
N = 109 | ||||
United Kingdom |