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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 1/2016

01.01.2016 | Arterielle Hypertonie | Leitthema

Hypertonie und renale thrombotische Mikroangiopathie unter anti-angiogener Tumortherapie

Neue nephrologische Entitäten

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. I. Grgic, Prof. Dr. A. Burchert, Prof. B. D. Humphreys, MD, PhD

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 1/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Anti-angiogene Therapiekonzepte (AAT) mit gezielter Störung der VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-Signalgebung (VSP) finden derzeit in der palliativ-onkologischen Behandlung von Tumorpatienten eine breite und stetig zunehmende Anwendung. Während diese nicht kurativen Therapien bestimmte Behandlungsendpunkte von mehreren Krebserkrankungen unter Umständen verbessern können, zeigen die klinischen Daten auch, dass sie für eine Reihe relevanter kardiovaskulärer und renaler Nebenwirkungen mit hohen Inzidenzraten verantwortlich sind. Nach aktuellen Schätzungen liegt beispielsweise die Rate für arterielle Hypertonie bei 19–24 % und könnte mit Anwendung potenterer VSP-Inhibitoren der zweiten Generation sogar noch deutlich höher sein. Das Auftreten von Proteinurie wurde in bis zu 20 % der behandelten Fälle beobachtet. Eine relativ häufig beschriebene Komplikation unter AAT ist zudem die Entwicklung einer renalen thrombotischen Mikroangiopathie (TMA), welche große Ähnlichkeiten mit der Präeklampsie hat, einer Erkrankung, die ebenfalls durch gestörte VSP und endotheliale Dysfunktion charakterisiert ist. Da die Nutzung dieser Medikamente weiter wächst sowie neue Variationen entwickelt werden, ergibt sich eine zunehmende Notwendigkeit für Nephrologen zu lernen, wie Toxizitäten von VSP-Inhibitoren richtig zu diagnostizieren und adäquat zu behandeln sind. Zugleich bietet sich aber auch die Gelegenheit zu versuchen, diese unerwünschten Nebeneffekte und klinischen Phänotypen auf die zugrunde liegenden molekularen Mechanismen zurückzuführen, die sie auslösen. Gemäß dem Konzept von personalisierter Medizin könnte dieses neue Wissen eines Tages genutzt werden, um anti-angiogene Therapieregime von Patienten zu individualisieren und dadurch zu verbessern.
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Metadaten
Titel
Hypertonie und renale thrombotische Mikroangiopathie unter anti-angiogener Tumortherapie
Neue nephrologische Entitäten
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. I. Grgic
Prof. Dr. A. Burchert
Prof. B. D. Humphreys, MD, PhD
Publikationsdatum
01.01.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 1/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-015-0038-x

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