Background
Methods
Results
Incidence and prevalence
Incidence | Prevalence | DALYs | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count in thousands | Age-standard rate per 100,000 | Count in thousands | Age-standard rate per 100,000 | Count in thousands | Age-standard rate per 100,000 | ||
Hepatitis | 1990 | 117,492 (66517–151,302) | 10,114 (5734–12,988) | 153,856 (136047–172,319) | 13,537 (12075–15,156) | 1403.8 (1319.6–1507.7) | 135.2 (127.2–145.0) |
2016 | 13,502 (10918–15,967) | 1305 (950–1549) | 211,721 (179776–240,981) | 13,089 (11,882,15,760) | 302.0 (287.1–319.7) | 19.6 (18.6–20.8) | |
Change (%) | −88.5 | −87.1 | 37.6 | −3.3 | − 78.5 | −85.5 | |
Acute hepatitis A | 1990 | 84,988 (32621–117,655) | 7216 (2767–9983) | 6538 (2509–9050) | 555 (213–768) | 220.4 (188.0–257.8) | 18.9 (16.1–22.0) |
2016 | 4522 (2350–5778) | 648 (298–848) | 348 (181–444) | 50 (23–65) | 14.1 (12.1–16.5) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | |
Change (%) | − 94.7 | −91.0 | − 94.7 | − 91.0 | −93.6 | −90.5 | |
Hepatitis B | 1990 | 28,886 (23305–35,481) | 2577 (2121,3117) | 122,212 (105637–140,054) | 10,605 (9216–12,150) | 970.8 (898.0–1059.6) | 97.8 (90.8–106.3) |
2016 | 8025 (6304–10,036) | 547 (441–672) | 166,042 (134231–194,796) | 10,777 (8786–12,645) | 263.6 (248.2–279.9) | 15.7 (14.9–16.7) | |
Change (%) | −72.2 | −78.8 | 35.9 | 1.6 | −72.8 | −83.9 | |
Hepatitis C | 1990 | 1180 (1062–1304) | 110 (100–122) | 24,919 (21906–28,054) | 2361 (2088,2640) | 14.6 (11.6–18.5) | 1.6 (1.2–2.00) |
2016 | 655 (581–739) | 86 (75–99) | 45,308 (40742–49,995) | 3079 (2760,3406) | 4.1 (3.1–5.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | |
Change (%) | −44.5 | −21.8 | 81.8 | 30.4 | −71.9 | −81.3 | |
Acute hepatitis E | 1990 | 2438 (2208–2701) | 209 (192–228) | 188 (170–208) | 16 (15–18) | 198.0 (173.4–225.9) | 16.8 (14.8–19.1) |
2016 | 300 (266–333) | 24 (22–27) | 23 (20–26) | 2.0 (1.7–2.1) | 20.2 (17.1–24.0) | 1.8 (1.6–2.1) | |
Change (%) | −87.7 | −88.5 | −87.8 | −87.5 | −89.8 | −89.3 |
Region | Incidence | Prevalence | DALYs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count in thousands | Age-standard rate per 100,000 | Count in thousands | Age-standard rate per 100,000 | Count | Age-standard rate per 100,000 | |||||||
1990 | 2016 | 1990 | 2016 | 1990 | 2016 | 1990 | 2016 | 1990 | 2016 | 1990 | 2016 | |
China | 117,491 (66517–151,000) | 13,502 (10918–15,967) | 10,114 (5735–12,988) | 1306 (951–1549) | 153,856 (136047–172,319) | 211,720 (179776–240,981) | 13,537 (12075–15,156) | 13,908 (11881–15,760) | 1,403,788 (1319601–1,507,691) | 302,026 (287096–319,734) | 135.2 (127.2–145.0) | 19.6 (18.6–20.8) |
Hong Kong SAR | 35 (29,43) | 22 (20,26) | 645 (543–769) | 395 (356–447) | 673 (578,800) | 971 (867,1096) | 11,463 (9845–13,539) | 11,734 (10472–13,240) | 573 (496–665) | 259 (211–321) | 9.7 (8.4–11.3) | 2.8 (2.3–3.4) |
Macao SAR | 10 (7,12) | 3.4 (3.0,3.9) | 2698 (1998–3224) | 677 (606–753) | 42 (36,50) | 90 (81,100) | 11,852 (10209–13,921) | 13,824 (12508–15,340) | 178 (147–213) | 76 (59–96) | 53.9 (44.8–64.8) | 10.3 (8.2–12.9) |
Anhui | 5808 (3130,7345) | 492 (400,587) | 9161 (5123–11,497) | 1087 (8093–1283) | 7370 (6496,8353) | 8368 (6944,9779) | 13,146 (11634–14,781) | 13,164 (10980–15,355) | 57,418 (48750–67,924) | 10,933 (9243–12,916) | 111.9 (96.1–130.9) | 16.4 (14.0–19.1) |
Beijing | 163 (124,198) | 102 (84,125) | 1822 (1257,2281) | 478 (363–579) | 898 (801,1022) | 2277 (1999,2654) | 8281 (7417–9380) | 8053 (7109–9222) | 4234 (3456–5094) | 1812 (1477–2180) | 39.4 (32.8–46.9) | 6.5 (5.4–7.7) |
Chongqing | 1834 (727,2646) | 211 (163,256) | 11,469 (4603–16,546) | 1218 (715–1581) | 1978 (1736,2247) | 3886 (3351,4445) | 12,545 (11054–14,196) | 12,985 (11258–14,926) | 19,172 (15693–23,467) | 4846 (4059–5711) | 125.9 (104.0–153.5) | 15.8 (13.3–18.5) |
Fujian | 1131 (597,1532) | 203 (162,250) | 3384 (1919–4495) | 638 (475–774) | 3817 (3332,4310) | 5619 (4605,6464) | 12,710 (11198–14,300) | 13,350 (11064–15,261) | 15,450 (13137–18,279) | 3121 (2629–3720) | 59.2 (50.4–69.6) | 7.5 (6.4–9.0) |
Gansu | 6983 (3540,8998) | 458 (345,546) | 25,665 (13662–32,789) | 2746 (1718–3317) | 3195 (2790,3601) | 3608 (3142,4183) | 13,955 (12308–15,713) | 13,248 (11649–15,341) | 59,742 (49970–71,301) | 11,366 (9667–13,274) | 283.9 (240.5–334.3) | 41.8 (35.9–48.2) |
Guangdong | 3507 (2541,4378) | 1170 (944,1411) | 5859 (4359–7197) | 1131 (879–1383) | 8919 (7867,9922) | 21,323 (17,531,24,275) | 15,385 (13621–17,079) | 16,728 (13972–18,826) | 65,622 (55907–77,563) | 22,223 (18940–26,336) | 130.9 (110.7–154.3) | 18.8 (16.1–22.1) |
Guangxi | 4132 (2538,5207) | 618 (476,739) | 9544 (5928–11,938) | 1586 (1131–1890) | 7717 (679,8543) | 9387 (7905,10,563) | 18,301 (16235–20,200) | 18,670 (15775–21,021) | 57,716 (48290–68,872) | 12,878 (10820–15,363) | 161.8 (135.8–194.1) | 25.5 (21.5–30.1) |
Guizhou | 5251 (2098,7709) | 447 (325,551) | 13,406 (5998–19,270) | 1835 (1057–2400) | 4136 (3611,4706) | 4616 (3983,5357) | 12,795 (11248–14,453) | 12,844 (11101–14,930) | 55,697 (46740–67,208) | 11,774 (9891–14,102) | 186.9 (158.8–223.1) | 33.0 (27.8–38.9) |
Hainan | 651 (388,804) | 155 (113,186) | 9876 (6031–12,150) | 2108 (1403–2532) | 1038 (912,1157) | 1685 (1394,1923) | 15,806 (13970–17,538) | 16,677 (13907–18,953) | 8567 (7274–10,065) | 2895 (2419–3488) | 154.4 (130.8–179.9) | 29.8 (25.2–35.2) |
Hebei | 2357 (1249,3355) | 608 (436,765) | 4213 (2201–6048) | 995 (625–1298) | 5678 (4952,6594) | 8381 (7304,9662) | 9720 (8518–11,273) | 10,404 (9150–11,976) | 39,809 (34012–46,550) | 12,750 (10671–15,165) | 73.5 (62.7–85.7) | 15.2 (13.0–17.8) |
Heilongjiang | 1764 (941,2384) | 274 (218,336) | 4923 (2646–6668) | 966 (681–1193) | 4881 (4293,5497) | 7122 (6021,8060) | 13,768 (12195–15,479) | 15,502 (13249–17,546) | 25,522 (21600–29,864) | 6164 (5127–7266) | 80.7 (68.8–93.6) | 12.7 (10.8–14.9) |
Henan | 7423 (4195,9428) | 797 (641,944) | 8882 (5027–11,246) | 1150 (866–1353) | 13,243 (11,654,14,811) | 15,817 (13,125,17,922) | 15,743 (13934–17,536) | 16,398 (13641–18,565) | 86,809 (73426–100,975) | 16,320 (14127–18,818) | 115.5 (97.9–134.4) | 16.7 (14.5–19.1) |
Hubei | 5216 (2777,6683) | 500 (400,599) | 9541 (5117–12,185) | 1186 (861–1400) | 8493 (7472,94,573) | 10,168 (8423,11,539) | 15,766 (13924–17,482) | 16,476 (13672–18,644) | 56,397 (47801–67,880) | 10,743 (9105–12,495) | 116.6 (99.3–139.3) | 16.4 (14.0–18.9) |
Hunan | 7947 (4592,10,077) | 851 (683,1013) | 12,299 (7170–15,498) | 1598 (1185–1893) | 9788 (8625,10,868) | 11,788 (9755,13,382) | 16,072 (14219–17,806) | 16,482 (13705–18,623) | 101,822 (86086–119,919) | 22,413 (19239–26,334) | 185.0 (155.9–218.1) | 29.4 (25.4–34.2) |
Inner Mongolia | 1300 (574,1825) | 154 (122,188) | 5978 (2653–8396) | 857 (565–1070) | 2088 (1821,2419) | 3235 (2857,3701) | 9948 (8744–11,397) | 11,084 (9910–12,571) | 14,266 (12062–16,873) | 3023 (2534–3632) | 74.5 (63.8–87.6) | 10.4 (8.8–12.2) |
Jiangsu | 2688 (1477,3618) | 421 (346,513) | 4365 (2327–5944) | 647 (490–788) | 8377 (7361,9485) | 11,231 (9597,12,901) | 12,591 (11132–14,259) | 12,416 (10709–14,210) | 43,122 (36547–50,781) | 8491 (7236–9894) | 68.9 (58.5–81.1) | 8.8 (7.6–10.1) |
Jiangxi | 9004 (3390,13,050) | 707 (494,881) | 18,982 (8033–27,070) | 2096 (1211–2725) | 5420 (4677,6133) | 6492 (5424,7490) | 13,996 (12272–15,718) | 13,321 (11137–15,323) | 88,207 (73767–104,129) | 17,845 (15172–21,297) | 250.4 (210.4–291.4) | 36.9 (31.6–43.8) |
Jilin | 1880 (1295,2286) | 234 (193,284) | 7604 (5212–9192) | 1152 (888–1344) | 3502 (3080,3942) | 4891 (4143,5557) | 14,122 (12523–15,833) | 15,334 (13093–17,401) | 32,324 (27580–38,029) | 6215 (5291–7363) | 145.8 (125.6–171.1) | 18.0 (15.6–20.9) |
Liaoning | 1365 (984,1635) | 303 (251,360) | 3958 (2719–4784) | 962 (749–1120) | 5294 (4658,5916) | 8187 (6939,9235) | 13,503 (11918–15,075) | 15,503 (13214–17,477) | 26,218 (22379–30,759) | 6658 (5587–8017) | 72.3 (61.8–84.4) | 11.8 (10.2–13.9) |
Ningxia | 692 (349,891) | 70 (54,83) | 11,075 (5902–14,086) | 1379 (959–1637) | 594 (525,671) | 986 (857,1139) | 12,553 (11148–14,075) | 13,560 (11834–15,548) | 5070 (4228–6024) | 1342 (1137–1574) | 112.2 (95.9–130.2) | 19.6 (16.7–22.7) |
Qinghai | 1720 (879,2194) | 143 (103,171) | 26,998 (15016–33,886) | 3671 (2258–4440) | 666 (575,757) | 883 (769,1020) | 13,941 (12273–15,723) | 13,679 (12065–15,710) | 14,322 (11892–17,351) | 3251 (2728–3830) | 321.9 (275.8–379.9) | 54.0 (45.9–63.0) |
Shaanxi | 4749 (2172,6730) | 511 (377,632) | 14,585 (6707–20,649) | 1921 (1114–2484) | 4120 (3620,4693) | 5778 (5061,6608) | 12,871 (11391–14,582) | 13,737 (12125–15,658) | 58,470 (50473–68,441) | 13,308 (11184–15,669) | 199.8 (172.7–232.0) | 31.3 (26.8–36.2) |
Shandong | 3730 (1901,5135) | 641 (503,784) | 4984 (2455–6928) | 823 (549–1033) | 10,539 (9326,11,801) | 13,749 (11,251,15,845) | 12,805 (11380–14,312) | 12,562 (10329–14,404) | 57,756 (49465–67,354) | 13,459 (11474–15,838) | 77.5 (66.5–90.3) | 11.7 (10.1–13.7) |
Shanghai | 326 (235,406) | 184 (144,228) | 3414 (200–4564) | 793 (542–989) | 1631 (1435,1823) | 4379 (3652,5010) | 12,209 (10732–13,610) | 13,167 (11108–14,917) | 8763 (7423–10,470) | 3468 (2901–4154) | 64.4 (55.3–76) | 10.5 (8.9–12.5) |
Shanxi | 2932 (1653,3679) | 388 (300,461) | 9649 (5544–12,037) | 1450 (961–1726) | 2869 (2499,3325) | 4280 (3738,4949) | 10,171 (8895–11,794) | 10,452 (9191–12,034) | 35,410 (30379–41,338) | 8490 (7235–9932) | 136.2 (116.9–158.8) | 20.8 (17.8–24.3) |
Sichuan | 15,661 (8333,19,791) | 773 (628,928) | 15,222 (8063–19,269) | 1549 (1063–1848) | 13,204 (11,651,14,955) | 10,714 (9173,12,356) | 12,777 (11337–14,434) | 12,569 (10835–14,509) | 165,224 (140875–193,686) | 21,649 (18449–25,665) | 170.6 (146.0–199.6) | 24.4 (20.9–28.8) |
Tianjin | 117 (95,138) | 71 (59,85) | 1640 (1232–1930) | 552 (453–642) | 805 (706,941) | 1838 (1615,2123) | 9294 (8187–10,800) | 10,519 (9319–12,122) | 2541 (2148–2989) | 1093 (895–1320) | 30.5 (26.0–35.7) | 6.2 (5.1–7.3) |
Tibet | 1094 (583,1387) | 267 (161,326) | 44,117 (24472–55,357) | 12,653 (6607–15,776) | 337 (289,384) | 450 (387,530) | 15,299 (13302–17,338) | 13,708 (11984–15,818) | 11,920 (10253–13,829) | 4387 (3724–5175) | 610.73 (52.7–700.6) | 151.6 (129.0–179.7) |
Xinjiang | 1930 (990,2436) | 309 (224,368) | 9624 (5395–11,988) | 1854 (1198–2238) | 1924 (1702,2189) | 3510 (3063,4002) | 12,502 (11092–14,098) | 13,830 (12183–15,742) | 17,693 (14858–21,296) | 4963 (4189–5825) | 123.4 (104.4–145.8) | 21.1 (18.1–24.6) |
Yunnan | 7507 (4008,9589) | 664 (519,791) | 15,910 (9073–20,066) | 1893 (1318–2251) | 4921 (4324,5579) | 6740 (5818,7883) | 13,005 (11524–14,727) | 13,079 (11356–15,163) | 72,530 (61762–86,881) | 16,407 (13812–19,625) | 207.5 (178.6–245.6) | 33.2 (28.2–39.4) |
Zhejiang | 6583 (3888,8167) | 750 (588,895) | 17,055 (9826–21,214) | 1901 (1294–2278) | 5699 (5016,6390) | 9271 (7636,10,596) | 13,710 (12142–15,353) | 13,718 (11431–15,579) | 95,211 (81062–112,376) | 17,400 (14748–20,447) | 247.7 (212.1–293.0) | 26.3 (22.7–30.9) |
DALYs
Characteristic | DALY in count | DALYs rates (per 100,000) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis C | Acute hepatitis E | Acute hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis C | Acute hepatitis E | |
Sex | ||||||||
male | 7918 (6667–9434) | 188,799 (176058–202,826) | 2638 (1912–3704) | 12,035 (9874–14,674) | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | 22.1 (20.7–23.8) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 2.0 (1.7–2.3) |
female | 6191 (5199–7367) | 74,800 (69795–80,525) | 1440 (1064–1910) | 8203 (6914–9826) | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 9.2 (8.6–9.9) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) |
Age-group | ||||||||
< 5 | 8673 (7320–10,839) | 980 (510–1665) | 472 (228–920) | 2654 (2254–3292) | 14.3 (12.1–17.9) | 1.6 (0.8–2.7) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 4.4 (3.7–5.4) |
5 to 14 | 321 (223–454) | 509 (328–742) | 151 (108–203) | 4089 (3609–4672) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 0.1 (0.1–0.1) | 2.6 (2.3–3.0) |
15 to 49 | 2713 (1989–3592) | 115,597 (107488–124,995) | 1085 (746–1529) | 8039 (6003–10,422) | 0.4 (0.3–0.5) | 15.5 (14.4–16.8) | 0.1 (0.1–0.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
50 to 69 | 1767 (1246–2446) | 116,715 (109037–124,962) | 1931 (1171–3045) | 3254 (1887–5270) | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 36.4 (34.0–38.9) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
≧70 | 634 (439–874) | 29,798 (27195–32,331) | 440 (267–684) | 2202 (1366–3398) | 0.8 (0.5–1.0) | 35.5 (32.4–38.5) | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 2.6 (1.6–4.1) |
Socio-demographic index | Cause | DALY number | Age-standardized DALY rate per 100,000 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016 | Change from 1990 to 2016(%) | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2016 | Change from 1990 to 2016(%) | ||
High-middle level | Acute hepatitis A | 2892 | 1639 | 455 | 319 | −88.9 | 8 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 0.9 | − 88.8 |
Hepatitis B | 21,067 | 20,233 | 7471 | 5970 | −71.7 | 62.9 | 41.5 | 12.7 | 9.1 | −85.5 | |
Hepatitis C | 319 | 301 | 105 | 96 | −69.9 | 1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.3 | −70.0 | |
Acute hepatitis E | 3252 | 2376 | 666 | 468 | −85.6 | 8.8 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 1 | −88.6 | |
Middle level | Acute hepatitis A | 7608 | 3072 | 661 | 440 | −94.2 | 19.4 | 11.7 | 2.9 | 2 | −89.7 |
Hepatitis B | 32,668 | 24,904 | 9493 | 8533 | −73.9 | 101 | 66.4 | 21.4 | 17.4 | −82.8 | |
Hepatitis C | 490 | 398 | 135 | 133 | −72.9 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | −81.2 | |
Acute hepatitis E | 6555 | 3552 | 854 | 630 | −90.4 | 17.8 | 10.2 | 2.7 | 2 | −88.8 | |
Low-middle level | Acute hepatitis A | 8752 | 4447 | 940 | 531 | −93.9 | 53.7 | 40.1 | 14.5 | 10.8 | −79.9 |
Hepatitis B | 26,240 | 22,803 | 8847 | 7828 | −70.2 | 253.4 | 195.2 | 68.1 | 56.4 | −77.7 | |
Hepatitis C | 401 | 363 | 121 | 111 | −72.3 | 4 | 3.1 | 1 | 0.8 | −80.0 | |
Acute hepatitis E | 7061 | 4362 | 1027 | 705 | −90.0 | 49.4 | 32.7 | 10.1 | 7.4 | −85.0 |