Introduction
Materials and methods
Data sources
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographic characteristics of the patients
Items | Total (n = 2468) | Group A (n = 439) | Group B (n = 967) | Group C (n = 1062) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean ± SD | 5.50 ± 3.32 | 1.36 ± 0.34 | 3.92 ± 0.80 | 8.66 ± 2.35 | |
Sex, n (%) | |||||
Male | 1575 (63.82%) | 300 (68.34%) | 594 (61.43%) | 681 (64.12%) | .04 |
Female | 893 (36.18%) | 139 (31.66%) | 373 (38.57%) | 381 (35.88%) | |
Clinical visits, n (%) | |||||
Outpatient | 70,570 (98.58%) | 14,419 (98.11%) | 32,722 (98.76%) | 23,429 (98.63%) | < .01 |
Inpatient | 1014 (1.42%) | 278 (1.89%) | 411 (1.24%) | 325 (1.37%) | |
Hospital grade, n (%) | |||||
Tertiary | 44,440 (62.08%) | 9304 (63.31%) | 20,325 (61.34%) | 14,811 (62.35%) | < .01 |
Secondary | 13,686 (19.12%) | 2582 (17.57%) | 6808 (20.55%) | 4296 (18.09%) | |
Primary | 13,433 (18.77%) | 2811 (19.13%) | 5994 (18.09%) | 4628 (19.48%) | |
Hospital type, n (%) | |||||
General | 51,731 (72.27%) | 8554 (58.20%) | 24,147 (72.88%) | 19,030 (80.11%) | < .01 |
Specialized | 19,828 (27.70%) | 6143 (41.80%) | 8980 (27.10%) | 4705 (19.81%) | |
Regions, n (%) | |||||
East China | 1900(76.99%) | 352(80.18%) | 756(78.18%) | 792(74.58%) | < .01 |
Central China | 223(9.04%) | 44(10.02%) | 97(10.03%) | 82(7.72%) | |
West China | 345(13.98%) | 43(9.79%) | 114(11.79%) | 188(17.70%) | |
City Levels, n(%) | |||||
1st-tier | 601(24.35%) | 74(16.86%) | 246(25.44%) | 281(26.46%) | < .01 |
2nd-tier | 1268(51.38%) | 289(65.83%) | 522(53.98%) | 457(43.03%) | |
3rd-tier | 195(7.90%) | 29(6.61%) | 77(7.96%) | 89(8.38%) | |
4th and 5th tier | 314(12.72%) | 47(10.71%) | 122(12.62%) | 145(13.65%) |
The status of medications used for asthma control among the different age groups, regions, and levels of cities
Age groups | Regions | City levels | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Children younger than 3 years old | Preschool children | School-age children | P | East China | Central China | West China | P | 1st Tier | 2nd Tier | 3rd Tier | 4th and 5th Tier | P | |
(N = 439) | (N = 967) | (N = 1062) | (N = 1900) | (N = 223) | (N = 345) | (N = 601) | (N = 1268) | (N = 195) | (N = 314) | ||||
ICS | 346 (78.82%) | 687 (71.04%) | 512 (48.21%) | < .0001 | 1356(71.37%) | 106(47.53%) | 83(24.06%) | < .0001 | 411(68.39%) | 854(67.35%) | 132(67.69%) | 148(47.13%) | < .0001 |
LABA | 181 (41.23%) | 354 (36.61%) | 258 (24.29%) | < .0001 | 731(38.47%) | 25(11.21%) | 37(10.72%) | < .0001 | 301(50.08%) | 405(31.94%) | 51(26.15%) | 36(11.46%) | < .0001 |
ICS + LABAa | 160 (36.45%) | 300 (31.02%) | 198 (18.64%) | < .0001 | 613(32.26%) | 19(53%) | 26(7.54%) | < .0001 | 239(39.77%) | 350(27.60%) | 43(22.05%) | 26(8.28%) | < .0001 |
ICS/LABAb | 0 | 195 (20.17%) | 158 (14.88%) | < .0001 | 180(9.47%) | 3(1.35%) | 5(1.45%) | < .0001 | 75(12.48%) | 66(5.21%) | 36(18.46%) | 11(3.50%) | < .0001 |
LTRA | 195(44.42%) | 558 (57.70%) | 270 (25.42%) | < .0001 | 1141(60.05%) | 37(16.59%) | 47(13.62%) | < .0001 | 359(59.73%) | 693(54.65%) | 101(51.79%) | 72(22.93%) | < .0001 |
Age groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Children younger than 3 years old | Preschool children | School-age children | P | |
(N = 439) | (N = 967) | (N = 1062) | ||
ICS | 346 (78.82%) | 687 (71.04%) | 512 (48.21%) | < .0001 |
Nebulized Inhalation | 346(100%) | 684(100%) | 273/512(53.32%) | < .0001 |
Aerosol Inhalation | - | - | 209/512(40.82%) | - |
Powder Inhalation | - | - | 30/512(5.86%) | - |
The status of asthma relief drug usage among children in different age groups, regions and levels of cities
Age groups | Regions | City levels | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Children younger than 3 years old | Preschool children | School-age children | P | East China | Central China | West China | P | 1st Tier | 2nd Tier | 3rd Tier | 4th and 5th Tier | P | |
(N = 439) | (N = 967) | (N = 1062) | (N = 1900) | (N = 223) | (N = 345) | (N = 601) | (N = 1268) | (N = 195) | (N = 314) | ||||
SABA | |||||||||||||
Inhalation | 255 (58.09%) | 470 (48.60%) | 329 (30.98%) | < .0001 | 951(50.05%) | 59(26.46%) | 44(12.75%) | < .0001 | 179(29.78%) | 702(55.36%) | 65(33.33%) | 108(34.39%) | < .0001 |
Oral | 47 (10.71%) | 327 (33.82%) | 10 (0.94%) | < .0001 | 144(7.58%) | 58(26.01%) | 21(6.09%) | < .0001 | 36(59.90%) | 83(6.55%) | 35(17.95%) | 69(21.97%) | < .0001 |
OCS | 158 (36.00%) | 270 (27.92%) | 217 (20.43%) | < .0001 | 406(21.37%) | 130(58.30%) | 109(31.59%) | < .0001 | 67(11.15%) | 291(22.95%) | 110(56.41%) | 177(56.37%) | < .0001 |
SAAC | 327 (74.49%) | 605 (62.56%) | 431 (40.58%) | < .0001 | 1228(64.63%) | 64(28.70%) | 71(20.58%) | < .0001 | 361(60.07%) | 819(64.59%) | 97(49.74%) | 86(27.39%) | < .0001 |
Theophylline | |||||||||||||
Oral | 9 (2.05%) | 27 (2.79%) | 31 (2.92%) | 0.63 | 49(2.58%) | 10(4.48%) | 8(2.32%) | 0.281 | 3(0.50%) | 19(1.50%) | 22(11.28%) | 23(7.32%) | < .0001 |
Intravenous | 60 (13.67%) | 113 (11.69%) | 109 (10.26%) | 0.166 | 85(4.47%) | 60(26.91%) | 137(39.71%) | < .0001 | 2(0.33%) | 72(5.68%) | 49(25.13%) | 159(50.64%) | < .0001 |
Different hospital types | P | Different hospital grades | P | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General hospitals | Specialized hospitals | Tertiary hospitals | Secondary hospitals | Primary hospitals | |||
(N = 2336) | (N = 1193) | (N = 1799) | (N = 941) | (N = 1281) | |||
SAAC | 1115( 47.73%) | 477 (39.98%) | < .0001 | 932 (51.81%) | 363 (38.58%) | 337(29.43%) | < .0001 |