Background
Methods
The ACT parent study
ACT-AM sub-study enrollment
ACT-AM devices and measurements
Covariates
Analysis
Results
Participant characteristics
ActiGraph | activPAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Consent(N = 1151) | Non-consent(N = 734) | Consent(N = 1135) | Non-consent(N = 750) | |
% | % | % | % | |
Age category | ||||
65–69 | 13 | 5 | 12 | 6 |
70–74 | 30 | 17 | 30 | 18 |
75–79 | 23 | 19 | 23 | 20 |
80–84 | 18 | 19 | 18 | 19 |
85–89 | 11 | 18 | 11 | 17 |
90+ | 6 | 22 | 6 | 21 |
Male | 44 | 39 | 44 | 40 |
Non-Hispanic white | 88 | 87 | 89 | 87 |
Post-secondary education | 90 | 85 | 91 | 85 |
BMI | ||||
Underweight | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
Normal | 37 | 39 | 37 | 38 |
Overweight | 39 | 35 | 39 | 35 |
Obese | 23 | 25 | 23 | 25 |
Self-rated health | ||||
Excellent | 19 | 9 | 19 | 10 |
Very good | 42 | 31 | 42 | 31 |
Good | 31 | 41 | 31 | 40 |
Fair | 7 | 15 | 7 | 15 |
Poor | 1 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
# of ADLs with difficulty | ||||
0 | 79 | 63 | 77 | 65 |
1 | 15 | 19 | 16 | 17 |
2+ | 6 | 18 | 7 | 17 |
Significant depressive symptoms (CESD score ≥ 10) | 9 | 12 | 9 | 11 |
Cognitive impairment | 3 | 15 | 3 | 15 |
Regularly walk for exercise | 54 | 39 | 53 | 41 |
Difficulty walking half mile | ||||
None | 75 | 53 | 74 | 55 |
Some | 15 | 18 | 15 | 17 |
A lot / Unable | 11 | 29 | 11 | 28 |
Hypertension | 48 | 57 | 48 | 57 |
Coronary artery disease | 13 | 20 | 13 | 19 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 10 | 16 | 10 | 15 |
activPAL data patterns
N | Sitting time (mins/day) | Standing time (mins/day) | Stepping time (mins/day) | Steps (steps/day) | Sit-to-Stand transitions (number/day) | Sitting bout duration (mins/bout) | Sitting bouts of 30+ mins (bouts/day) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 997 | 610 (603, 618) | 233 (226, 239) | 81 (79, 84) | 6302 (6108, 6496) | 43 (42, 44) | 17 (16, 18) | 5.9 (5.8, 6.0) |
Age category | ||||||||
65–69 | 126 | 585 (565, 605) | 238 (223, 254) | 101 (94, 107) | 8102 (7517, 8687) | 44 (42, 46) | 15 (14, 16) | 5.6 (5.3, 5.9) |
70–74 | 300 | 583 (570, 596) | 244 (234, 255) | 96 (92, 101) | 7638 (7216, 8060) | 45 (43, 46) | 15 (14, 16) | 5.6 (5.4, 5.8) |
75–79 | 235 | 606 (590, 621) | 234 (222, 247) | 84 (79, 89) | 6492 (6069, 6915) | 42 (40, 44) | 17 (15, 18) | 5.8 (5.6, 6.1) |
80–84 | 173 | 608 (590, 627) | 239 (224, 254) | 76 (72, 81) | 5752 (5346, 6159) | 42 (41, 44) | 16 (15, 18) | 5.9 (5.6, 6.1) |
85–89 | 114 | 625 (602, 647) | 235 (214, 255) | 64 (59, 70) | 4852 (4410, 5294) | 42 (40, 45) | 18 (16, 20) | 6.0 (5.7, 6.3) |
90+ | 49 | 696 (667, 726) | 179 (155, 203) | 49 (41, 56) | 3553 (2934, 4172) | 41 (36, 46) | 25 (15, 35) | 7.0 (6.4, 7.5) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.138 | 0.011 | < 0.001 | |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 552 | 593 (583, 604) | 249 (240, 258) | 81 (79, 84) | 6275 (6034, 6516) | 44 (43, 46) | 15 (15, 16) | 5.7 (5.5, 5.8) |
Male | 445 | 631 (621, 642) | 212 (203, 220) | 81 (78, 85) | 6336 (6015, 6657) | 41 (40, 43) | 19 (16, 22) | 6.2 (6.0, 6.3) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.889 | 0.766 | 0.002 | 0.012 | < 0.001 | |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
People of color | 106 | 607 (583, 631) | 244 (223, 265) | 73 (67, 80) | 5655 (5080, 6230) | 44 (40, 47) | 17 (15, 19) | 5.6 (5.3, 5.9) |
Non-Hispanic white | 891 | 610 (603, 618) | 231 (225, 238) | 82 (80, 85) | 6393 (6189, 6598) | 43 (42, 44) | 17 (16, 18) | 5.9 (5.8, 6.1) |
p-value | 0.797 | 0.263 | 0.007 | 0.017 | 0.579 | 0.735 | 0.078 | |
Education | ||||||||
High school or less | 90 | 614 (585, 644) | 228 (204, 252) | 82 (75, 89) | 6347 (5732, 6963) | 42 (38, 46) | 17 (13, 20) | 6.0 (5.6, 6.4) |
Post-secondary | 907 | 609 (602, 617) | 233 (227, 240) | 81 (79, 84) | 6296 (6097, 6495) | 43 (42, 44) | 17 (16, 19) | 5.9 (5.8, 6.0) |
p-value | 0.746 | 0.663 | 0.879 | 0.874 | 0.735 | 0.778 | 0.597 | |
BMI | ||||||||
Underweight | 9 | 619 (500, 737) | 226 (127, 325) | 79 (57, 102) | 6041 (4545, 7537) | 47 (35, 60) | 15 (11, 20) | 6.4 (4.1, 8.8) |
Normal weight | 366 | 581 (570, 592) | 251 (242, 260) | 92 (88, 95) | 7266 (6930, 7602) | 46 (44, 48) | 16 (13, 18) | 5.5 (5.3, 5.7) |
Overweight | 393 | 604 (593, 616) | 235 (226, 245) | 84 (81, 88) | 6497 (6203, 6790) | 43 (42, 44) | 16 (15, 17) | 5.8 (5.7, 6.0) |
Obese | 229 | 664 (648, 679) | 199 (186, 213) | 61 (57, 65) | 4512 (4201, 4822) | 38 (37, 40) | 21 (19, 22) | 6.6 (6.4, 6.8) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Self-rated health | ||||||||
Excellent | 183 | 570 (555, 585) | 257 (245, 270) | 97 (92, 102) | 7683 (7199, 8167) | 45 (43, 46) | 14 (14, 15) | 5.3 (5.1, 5.5) |
Very good | 432 | 600 (591, 610) | 237 (229, 245) | 87 (84, 90) | 6826 (6538, 7114) | 43 (42, 44) | 16 (15, 17) | 5.8 (5.7, 6.0) |
Good | 304 | 623 (609, 636) | 226 (215, 237) | 76 (72, 80) | 5730 (5398, 6061) | 43 (42, 45) | 17 (16, 19) | 6.1 (5.9, 6.3) |
Fair | 68 | 666 (636, 696) | 199 (172, 225) | 59 (52, 66) | 4495 (3935, 5054) | 40 (36, 43) | 24 (16, 31) | 6.1 (5.6, 6.7) |
Poor | 10 | 604 (524, 685) | 260 (179, 340) | 60 (45, 74) | 4337 (3175, 5500) | 41 (32, 50) | 15 (11, 19) | 6.1 (5.1, 7.1) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.207 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Depressive symptoms | ||||||||
CESD score < 10 | 908 | 607 (599, 615) | 234 (227, 240) | 83 (81, 86) | 6467 (6263, 6671) | 43 (42, 44) | 17 (15, 18) | 5.9 (5.7, 6.0) |
CESD score ≥ 10 | 89 | 638 (608, 667) | 223 (196, 249) | 64 (57, 70) | 4805 (4296, 5313) | 40 (37, 43) | 20 (17, 22) | 6.2 (5.9, 6.6) |
p-value | 0.049 | 0.430 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.035 | 0.093 | 0.063 | |
Cognitive impairment | ||||||||
No | 976 | 609 (602, 616) | 233 (227, 239) | 82 (80, 84) | 6335 (6139, 6531) | 43 (42, 44) | 16 (16, 17) | 5.9 (5.8, 6.0) |
Yes | 21 | 625 (570, 680) | 224 (180, 268) | 75 (60, 89) | 5742 (4664, 6821) | 41 (31, 51) | 30 (13, 47) | 5.3 (4.4, 6.2) |
p-value | 0.582 | 0.701 | 0.347 | 0.291 | 0.642 | 0.109 | 0.165 | |
Difficulty walking half mile | ||||||||
None | 751 | 587 (579, 595) | 245 (239, 252) | 91 (89, 94) | 7224 (6995, 7453) | 44 (43, 45) | 15 (14, 16) | 5.7 (5.5, 5.8) |
Some | 141 | 624 (605, 643) | 231 (215, 247) | 69 (63, 74) | 5081 (4640, 5522) | 41 (38, 44) | 19 (16, 21) | 6.1 (5.8, 6.4) |
A lot / Unable | 105 | 691 (668, 714) | 182 (162, 202) | 51 (46, 56) | 3668 (3292, 4044) | 39 (36, 42) | 23 (19, 28) | 6.6 (6.3, 7.0) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Hypertension | ||||||||
No | 536 | 595 (585, 605) | 244 (235, 252) | 85 (82, 88) | 6635 (6363, 6906) | 44 (42, 45) | 16 (15, 17) | 5.7 (5.6, 5.9) |
Yes | 461 | 625 (614, 636) | 222 (213, 230) | 77 (74, 81) | 5978 (5707, 6248) | 42 (41, 44) | 18 (16, 20) | 6.0 (5.9, 6.2) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.257 | 0.008 | 0.005 | |
Coronary artery disease | ||||||||
No | 869 | 605 (597, 614) | 235 (229, 242) | 83 (81, 86) | 6465 (6247, 6682) | 43 (42, 44) | 17 (15, 19) | 5.8 (5.7, 6.0) |
Yes | 128 | 635 (613, 657) | 217 (198, 236) | 71 (66, 77) | 5407 (4935, 5880) | 41 (39, 44) | 17 (14, 20) | 6.3 (6.0, 6.6) |
p-value | 0.015 | 0.081 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.156 | 0.868 | < 0.007 |
ActiGraph data patterns
N | Sedentary time (mins/day)b | LPA time (mins/day)b | MVPA time (mins/day)b | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 1044 | 571 (565, 577) | 272 (267, 276) | 61 (59, 64) |
Age category | ||||
65–69 | 129 | 547 (532, 562) | 270 (258, 281) | 87 (81, 94) |
70–74 | 317 | 547 (537, 557) | 276 (268, 283) | 81 (77, 86) |
75–79 | 250 | 566 (554, 579) | 271 (261, 280) | 67 (62, 71) |
80–84 | 185 | 567 (553, 580) | 285 (275, 296) | 52 (47, 58) |
85–89 | 112 | 605 (586, 624) | 263 (246, 279) | 36 (31, 41) |
90+ | 51 | 628 (607, 649) | 253 (234, 272) | 23 (18, 28) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.027 | < 0.001 | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 582 | 551 (544, 559) | 290 (284, 296) | 62 (59, 65) |
Male | 462 | 597 (589, 605) | 247 (241, 254) | 60 (57, 63) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.305 | |
Race/ethnicity | ||||
People of color | 118 | 576 (559, 594) | 275 (260, 290) | 53 (47, 58) |
Non-Hispanic white | 926 | 570 (564, 576) | 271 (266, 276) | 63 (60, 65) |
p-value | 0.522 | 0.636 | 0.002 | |
Education | ||||
High school or less | 100 | 571 (547, 595) | 269 (250, 289) | 63 (57, 70) |
Post-secondary | 944 | 571 (565, 577) | 272 (267, 277) | 61 (59, 63) |
p-value | 0.984 | 0.816 | 0.532 | |
BMI | ||||
Underweight | 10 | 521 (417, 625) | 317 (226, 407) | 66 (46, 86) |
Normal weight | 388 | 535 (527, 543) | 297 (290, 304) | 72 (68, 75) |
Overweight | 414 | 573 (565, 581) | 269 (263, 276) | 62 (58, 65) |
Obese | 232 | 630 (620, 641) | 230 (222, 238) | 44 (40, 48) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Self-rated health | ||||
Excellent | 202 | 538 (527, 550) | 290 (280, 300) | 75 (70, 81) |
Very good | 450 | 566 (558, 574) | 271 (264, 277) | 68 (64, 71) |
Good | 315 | 581 (569, 592) | 269 (260, 278) | 54 (51, 58) |
Fair | 68 | 604 (583, 625) | 257 (239, 275) | 43 (37, 49) |
Poor | 9 | 615 (564, 666) | 260 (211, 310) | 29 (5, 53) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | |
Depressive symptoms | ||||
CESD score < 10 | 959 | 568 (562, 574) | 273 (268, 278) | 63 (60, 65) |
CESD score ≥ 10 | 85 | 594 (575, 614) | 261 (244, 278) | 49 (42, 56) |
p-value | 0.014 | 0.183 | < 0.001 | |
Cognitive impairment | ||||
No | 1018 | 572 (567, 578) | 270 (266, 275) | 61 (59, 64) |
Yes | 26 | 550 (506, 593) | 294 (257, 330) | 60 (51, 70) |
p-value | 0.320 | 0.222 | 0.836 | |
Difficulty walking half mile | ||||
None | 797 | 554 (547, 560) | 280 (274, 285) | 71 (68, 73) |
Some | 145 | 586 (572, 600) | 271 (259, 283) | 47 (42, 52) |
A lot / Unable | 102 | 629 (609, 650) | 239 (222, 257) | 35 (30, 41) |
p-value | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
Hypertension | ||||
No | 562 | 560 (551, 569) | 276 (269, 283) | 68 (64, 71) |
Yes | 482 | 581 (574, 589) | 267 (261, 274) | 55 (52, 58) |
p-value | 0.001 | 0.067 | < 0.001 | |
Coronary artery disease | ||||
No | 908 | 566 (559, 572) | 275 (269, 280) | 64 (61, 66) |
Yes | 136 | 599 (584, 614) | 255 (243, 267) | 50 (44, 56) |
p-value | < 0.001 | 0.004 | < 0.001 |