Background
Methods
Study design and settings
Study instruments
Statistical analysis
Results
Pre-training (N=60) | Post-training (N=56) | Six-months follow-up (N=17) | |
---|---|---|---|
Response | Number (%) | Number (%) | Number (%) |
IDPH Environmental Health Region of Participant | |||
Champaign | 8 (13.3) | 7 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Edwardsville | 11 (18.3) | 10 (17.9) | 4 (23.5) |
Marion | 6 (10.0) | 6 (10.7) | 2 (11.8) |
Peoria | 16 (26.7) | 15 (26.8) | 7 (41.2) |
Rockford | 12 (20.0) | 11 (19.6) | 3 (17.6) |
West Chicago | 7 (11.7) | 7 (12.5) | 1 (5.9) |
Health Department | |||
Adams County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (11.8) |
Brown County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Boone County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Champaign-Urbana Public Health District | 4 (6.7) | 3 (5.4) | 0 (0.0) |
Coles County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Cumberland County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Dekalb County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Fayette County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Ford County | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) |
Grundy County | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) |
Hancock County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (5.9) |
Jackson County | 3 (5.0) | 3 (5.4) | 1 (5.9) |
Jasper County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (5.9) |
Jersey County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Kane County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Kankakee County | 2 (3.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Kendall County | 2 (3.3) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (11.8) |
Knox County | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) |
LaSalle County | 3 (5.0) | 2 (3.6) | 1 (5.9) |
Macoupin County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Madison County | 3 (5.0) | 3 (5.4) | 1 (5.9) |
McHenry County | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Monroe County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (5.9) |
Morgan County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Ogle County | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) |
Peoria City/County | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) |
Pike County | 2 (3.3) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (5.9) |
Randolph County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (5.9) |
Schuyler County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Southern Seven | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Stephenson County | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (11.8) |
Stickney Township | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Tazewell County | 5 (8.3) | 5 (8.9) | 2 (11.8) |
Whiteside County | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Winnebago County | 5 (8.3) | 5 (8.9) | 1 (5.9) |
Health Department Division | |||
Environmental Health | 51 (85.0) | 48 (85.7) | 15 (88.2) |
Community Health | 5 (8.3) | 5 (8.9) | 2 (11.8) |
Emergency Response | 2 (3.3) | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Administration | 2 (3.3) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) |
Knowledge
Pre-training(N = 42) | Post-training(N = 42) | Pre vs Post | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Question | Response | Number (%) | Number (%) | P-value |
Which tick life stages have 8 legs? (Select all that apply) | Incorrect | 31 (73.8) | 8 (19.0) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 11 (26.2) | 34 (81.0) | ||
The "head" of a tick is called the hypostome and is made up of the palps, the chelicerae, and the capitulum. (True/False) | Incorrect | 35 (83.3) | 31 (73.8) | 0.4227 |
Correct | 7 (16.7) | 11 (26.2) | ||
What sex is the tick in the picture below? (Male/Female) | Incorrect | 16 (38.1) | 1 (2.4) | 0.0003 |
Correct | 26 (61.9) | 41 (97.6) | ||
What tick species is pictured below? (Select species) | Incorrect | 17 (40.5) | 7 (16.7) | 0.0044 |
Correct | 25 (59.5) | 35 (83.3) | ||
Which species of tick has an anal groove seen in the picture below? (Select species) | Incorrect | 36 (85.7) | 12 (28.6) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 6 (14.3) | 30 (71.4) | ||
What are the ridges called that run along the bottom abdominal border of some tick species (see picture below)? (Select from the following) | Incorrect | 35 (83.3) | 1 (2.4) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 7 (16.7) | 41 (97.6) | ||
Which of the following is an insecticide? (Select one) | Incorrect | 22 (52.4) | 4 (9.5) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 20 (47.6) | 38 (90.5) | ||
All of the following are false when removing an attached tick except? (Select one) | Incorrect | 30 (71.4) | 18 (42.9) | 0.0033 |
Correct | 12 (28.6) | 24 (57.1) | ||
Which of the following are common places to find ticks on your body? (Select all that apply) | Incorrect | 26 (61.9) | 5 (11.9) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 16 (38.1) | 37 (88.1) | ||
After treating clothing with permethrin, you must allow it to dry for at least 12 h before wearing. (True/False) | Incorrect | 27 (64.3) | 11 (26.2) | 0.0008 |
Correct | 15 (35.7) | 31 (73.8) | ||
There are many other safety concerns involved with tick surveillance besides tick bites. (True/False) | Incorrect | 4 (9.5) | 2 (4.8) | 0.6831 |
Correct | 38 (90.5) | 40 (95.2) | ||
If performing tick surveillance during hunting season, which of the following is false? (Select one) | Incorrect | 28 (66.7) | 9 (21.4) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 14 (33.3) | 33 (78.6) | ||
The four most common tick-borne disease in Illinois are Lyme disease, Anaplasmosis, Tularemia, and Ehrlichiosis (True/False) | Incorrect | 32 (76.2) | 29 (69.0) | 0.5465 |
Correct | 10 (23.8) | 13 (31.0) | ||
Which of the following are true about tick-borne diseases? (Select all that apply) | Incorrect | 38 (90.5) | 40 (95.2) | 0.4795 |
Correct | 4 (9.5) | 2 (4.8) | ||
Which of the following is not a tick-borne disease? (Select one) | Incorrect | 32 (76.2) | 4 (9.5) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 10 (23.8) | 38 (90.5) | ||
Erythema migrans ("bullseye" rash) is only seen with Lyme disease (see picture below). (True/False) | Incorrect | 28 (66.7) | 15 (35.7) | 0.0009 |
Correct | 14 (33.3) | 27 (64.3) | ||
Which pathogen causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever? (Select one) | Incorrect | 15 (35.7) | 7 (16.7) | 0.0613 |
Correct | 27 (64.3) | 35 (83.3) | ||
Within Illinois, which tick species is most likely to transmit Anaplasmosis? (Select species) | Incorrect | 31 (73.8) | 18 (42.9) | 0.0088 |
Correct | 11 (26.2) | 24 (57.1) | ||
How many hosts do the vector ticks of concern in Illinois require to complete their lifecycle? (Select one) | Incorrect | 33 (78.6) | 13 (31.0) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 9 (21.4) | 29 (69.0) | ||
Which tick species will you encounter more frequently in grassy fields? (Select species) | Incorrect | 23 (54.8) | 16 (38.1) | 0.2109 |
Correct | 19 (45.2) | 26 (61.9) | ||
When is a tick species considered to be established within a county? (Select one) | Incorrect | 26 (61.9) | 12 (28.6) | 0.0080 |
Correct | 16 (38.1) | 30 (71.4) | ||
Which of the following are acceptable tick collection methods for classifying the county status of tick species? (Select all that apply) | Incorrect | 34 (81.0) | 13 (31.0) | < 0.0001 |
Correct | 8 (19.0) | 29 (69.0) | ||
How often should drags be inspected for ticks (according to CDC guidelines) when you want to calculate the density of host-seeking nymphs? (Select one) | Incorrect | 26 (61.9) | 20 (47.6) | 0.3074 |
Correct | 16 (38.1) | 22 (52.4) | ||
How many sites must be sampled per county (according to CDC guidelines) when you want to calculate density of host-seeking females? (Select one) | Incorrect | 37 (88.1) | 28 (66.7) | 0.0159 |
Correct | 5 (11.9) | 14 (33.3) | ||
Ticks can be preserved in 70–95% ethanol. (True/False) | Incorrect | 6 (14.3) | 3 (7.1) | 0.4497 |
Correct | 36 (85.7) | 39 (92.9) | ||
The "fingers" or "strips" on a drag along with weights sewn into the trailing edge are there to increase contact between the fabric and vegetation. (True/False) | Incorrect | 4 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.1336 |
Correct | 38 (90.5) | 42 (100.0) | ||
Knowledge Score (Mean (SD)) | 10.00 (2.61) | 18.21 (2.80) | < 0.0001 |
Pre-training (N = 42) | Post-training (N = 42) | |
---|---|---|
Knowledge | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
Ticks and tick identification (n = 7 questions) | 2.40 (1.13) | 5.19 (1.19) |
Surveillance methods (n = 6 questions) | 2.83 (0.91) | 4.19 (0.92) |
Surveillance safety (n = 6 questions) | 2.73 (1.21) | 4.83 (1.23) |
Tick-borne diseases (n = 7 questions) | 2.02 (1.22) | 4.00 (1.27) |
Attitudes | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) |
Perceived need (n = 4 questions) | 16 (14.25–15.45) | 16 (15–17) |
Perceived barriers (n = 5 questions) | 11 (10–13.75) | 16 (14–18) |
Perceived risk (n = 3 questions) | 12 (11.25–13) | 12 (12–14) |
Attitudes
Pre-training (N = 42) | Post-training (N = 42) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Question | Response | Number (%) | Number (%) | P-value |
Tick surveillance is needed within my jurisdiction | Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.1841 N to A A to StA |
Disagree | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) | ||
Neutral | 7 (16.7) | 2 (4.8) | ||
Agree | 31 (73.8) | 30 (71.4) | ||
Strongly Agree | 3 (7.1) | 9 (21.4) | ||
My department is already doing enough tick surveillance | Strongly Agree | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0.3428 N to D |
Agree | 3 (7.1) | 3 (7.1) | ||
Neutral | 12 (28.6) | 8 (19.0) | ||
Disagree | 21 (50.0) | 25 (59.5) | ||
Strongly Disagree | 6 (14.3) | 5 (11.9) | ||
I do not feel like I have enough knowledge and preparation to do tick surveillance accurately | Strongly Agree | 12 (28.6) | 1 (2.4) | 0.0933 A too D 0.0940 A too N |
Agree | 22 (52.4) | 7 (16.7) | ||
Neutral | 3 (7.1) | 12 (28.6) | ||
Disagree | 5 (11.9) | 21 (50.0) | ||
Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | ||
I do not feel like I have enough knowledge and preparation to do tick surveillance safely | Strongly Agree | 11 (26.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0934 StA to D A too D |
Agree | 14 (33.3) | 5 (11.9) | ||
Neutral | 10 (23.8) | 9 (21.4) | ||
Disagree | 7 (16.7) | 26 (61.9) | ||
Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.8) | ||
I feel confident I can identify the four main vector tick species within IL | Strongly Disagree | 11 (26.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0398 D to A |
Disagree | 18 (42.9) | 4 (9.5) | ||
Neutral | 4 (9.5) | 11 (26.2) | ||
Agree | 7 (16.7) | 25 (59.5) | ||
Strongly Agree | 2 (4.8) | 2 (4.8) | ||
I do not feel like I have enough time for tick surveillance within my job | Strongly Agree | 7 (16.7) | 6 (14.3) | 0.0700 N to D |
Agree | 13 (31.0) | 15 (35.7) | ||
Neutral | 18 (42.9) | 10 (23.8) | ||
Disagree | 4 (9.5) | 11 (26.2) | ||
Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
We do not have enough money within our department for tick surveillance | Strongly Agree | 6 (14.3) | 4 (9.5) | 0.2482 N to A |
Agree | 10 (23.8) | 12 (28.6) | ||
Neutral | 20 (47.6) | 18 (42.9) | ||
Disagree | 6 (14.3) | 8 (19.0) | ||
Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Tick surveillance is important in Illinois | Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.2672 N to A |
Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Neutral | 4 (9.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Agree | 27 (64.3) | 29 (69.0) | ||
Strongly Agree | 11 (26.2) | 13 (31.0) | ||
Tick surveillance is important in my department’s jurisdiction | Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.8994 N to A A to StA |
Disagree | 2 (4.8) | 1 (2.4) | ||
Neutral | 9 (21.4) | 4 (9.5) | ||
Agree | 25 (59.5) | 28 (66.7) | ||
Strongly Agree | 5 (11.9) | 9 (21.4) | ||
No Response | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
I am worried about tick-borne diseases in Illinois | Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.1237 N to A |
Disagree | 3 (7.1) | 1 (2.4) | ||
Neutral | 9 (21.4) | 5 (11.9) | ||
Agree | 25 (59.5) | 28 (66.7) | ||
Strongly Agree | 5 (11.9) | 8 (19.0) | ||
I do not think tick-borne diseases are a problem in my county/jurisdiction | Strongly Agree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.2888 N to D D to StD |
Agree | 2 (4.8) | 2 (4.8) | ||
Neutral | 8 (19.0) | 4 (9.5) | ||
Disagree | 25 (59.5) | 25 (59.5) | ||
Strongly Disagree | 7 (16.7) | 11 (26.2) | ||
Tick-borne diseases are not a public health problem | Strongly Agree | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0.4795 N to D |
Agree | 1 (2.4) | 2 (4.8) | ||
Neutral | 3 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Disagree | 21 (50.0) | 23 (54.8) | ||
Strongly Disagree | 17 (40.5) | 16 (38.1) | ||
Attitudes Score (Mean (SD)) | 39.10 (4.11) | 44.38 (4.38) | < 0.0001 |
Practices
Pre-training (N = 42) | Post-training (N = 42) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Question | Response | Number (%) | Number (%) | P-value |
I will be increasing the amount of tick surveillance I perform in the future | Strongly Disagree | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.773 N to A |
Disagree | 1 (2.4) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Neutral | 24 (57.1) | 2 (4.8) | ||
Agree | 17 (40.5) | 18 (42.9) | ||
Strongly Agree | 0 (0.0) | 21 (50.0) | ||
No Response | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.4) | ||
Do you plan to perform any tick surveillance in 2019? (Follow-up: Did you perform surveillance in 2019?) | No | 11 (26.2) | 7 (16.7) | 0.5566 |
Maybe | 26 (61.9) | 26 (61.9) | ||
Yes | 5 (11.9) | 9 (21.4) | ||
Practices Score (Median (IQR)) | 4 (4–5) | 5 (4–5) | 0.2065 |