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2018 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

28. Expositionsverfahren

verfasst von : Dr. Johanna Lass-Hennemann, Prof. Dr. Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Prof. Dr. Tanja Michael

Erschienen in: Lehrbuch der Verhaltenstherapie, Band 1

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Expositionen gehören zu den wichtigsten therapeutischen Interventionen kognitiv-behavioraler Therapieprogramme. Sie sind ein zentrales Behandlungselement von Angststörungen, kommen aber auch bei weiteren Störungen wie z. B. Essstörungen oder Abhängigkeitserkrankungen zum Einsatz. Obwohl die Wirksamkeit von Expositionsverfahren gut belegt ist, ist noch nicht abschließend geklärt, über welche Wirkmechanismen sie ihre therapeutische Heilkraft entfalten. Eine zentrale Annahme ist, dass Exposition einen Extinktionsprozess darstellt, in dessen Verlauf gelernt wird, Situationen und Stimuli, welche mit Psychopathologie assoziiert sind, neu und funktionaler einzuschätzen. Weitere Erklärungen zur Wirksamkeit von Exposition sind z. B. die Ausschüttung endogener Opioide oder die Gegenkonditionierung. Damit Exposition wirksam ist, müssen gewisse Rahmenbedingungen wie eine gute Compliance oder eine angemessene Gefühlsaktivierung realisiert sein.
Fußnoten
1
Der Begriff »Habituation« wird von Foa und Kozak (1986) unorthodox verwendet. Er bezieht sich lediglich auf eine Reaktionsabnahme und bezieht nicht die weiteren lerntheoretischen Erkenntnisse bezüglich Habituation mit ein.
 
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Metadaten
Titel
Expositionsverfahren
verfasst von
Dr. Johanna Lass-Hennemann
Prof. Dr. Brunna Tuschen-Caffier
Prof. Dr. Tanja Michael
Copyright-Jahr
2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54911-7_28

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