Background
Materials and methods
CTSF expression in human cancers and cancer cell lines
Association of CTSF expression with prognosis of NSCLC
Genes co-expressed with CTSF in NSCLC
CTSF and molecular markers of immune cells in NSCLC
Results
CTSF was downregulated significantly in most of human cancer tissues
Description | Gene markers | LUAD (n = 515) | LUSC (n = 501) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
None | Purity | None | Purity | ||||||
cor | p | cor | p | cor | p | cor | p | ||
CD8+ T cell | CD8A | − 0.075 | 0.088 | − 0.092 | * | 0.104 | * | 0.101 | * |
CD8B | − 0.033 | 0.948 | − 0.015 | 0.739 | 0.229 | *** | 0.220 | *** | |
T cell (general) | CD3D | − 0.016 | 0.709 | − 0.020 | 0.651 | 0.076 | 0.090 | 0.068 | 0.139 |
CD3E | 0.032 | 0.473 | 0.042 | 0.353 | 0.118 | ** | 0.118 | ** | |
CD2 | 0.020 | 0.648 | 0.025 | 0.577 | 0.107 | * | 0.102 | * | |
B cell | CD19 | 0.139 | ** | 0.176 | *** | 0.115 | * | 0.115 | * |
CD79A | 0.157 | *** | 0.191 | *** | 0.154 | *** | 0.168 | *** | |
Monocyte | CD86 | 0.039 | 0.372 | 0.004 | 0.388 | 0.130 | * | 0.125 | 0.006 |
CD115(CSF1R) | 0.133 | ** | 0.145 | ** | 0.186 | *** | 0.197 | *** | |
TAM | CCL2 | 0.085 | 0.053 | 0.094 | * | 0.215 | *** | 0.211 | *** |
CD68 | 0.008 | 0.860 | 0.013 | 0.776 | 0.052 | 0.245 | 0.038 | 0.413 | |
IL10 | 0.093 | * | 0.112 | * | 0.186 | *** | 0.190 | *** | |
M1 Macrophage | INOS(NOS2) | 0.096 | * | 0.109 | * | 0.135 | ** | 0.121 | ** |
IRF5 | 0.025 | 0.564 | 0.031 | 0.492 | 0.015 | 0.740 | 0.009 | 0.840 | |
COX2(PTGS2) | 0.046 | 0.295 | 0.037 | 0.407 | 0.103 | * | 0.095 | * | |
M2 Macrophage | CD163 | 0.012 | 0.794 | 0.009 | 0.843 | 0.135 | ** | 0.130 | ** |
VSIG4 | 0.024 | 0.592 | 0.032 | 0.480 | 0.140 | ** | 0.134 | ** | |
MS4A4A | 0.041 | 0.355 | 0.050 | 0.263 | 0.118 | ** | 0.110 | * | |
Neutrophils | CD66B(CEACAM8) | 0.187 | *** | 0.202 | *** | 0.130 | ** | 0.109 | * |
CD11B(ITGAM) | 0.100 | * | 0.109 | * | 0.163 | *** | 0.164 | *** | |
CCR7 | 0.118 | ** | 0.152 | *** | 0.153 | *** | 0.153 | *** | |
Natural killer cell | KIR2DL1 | − 0.083 | 0.060 | − 0.095 | * | 0.030 | 0.051 | 0.021 | 0.652 |
KIR2DL3 | − 0.145 | *** | − 0.143 | ** | 0.019 | 0.677 | 0.012 | 0.796 | |
KIR2DL4 | − 0.213 | *** | − 0.236 | *** | 0.001 | 0.986 | − 0.010 | 0.890 | |
KIR3DL1 | − 0.081 | 0.066 | − 0.086 | 0.556 | 0.103 | * | 0.087 | 0.058 | |
KIR3DL2 | − 0.108 | * | − 0.121 | ** | − 0.021 | 0.634 | − 0.034 | 0.465 | |
KIR3DL3 | − 0.151 | *** | − 0.154 | *** | 0.040 | 0.377 | 0.036 | 0.434 | |
KIR2DS4 | − 0.071 | 0.108 | − 0.073 | 0.105 | 0.027 | 0.550 | 0.024 | 0.600 | |
Dendritic cell | HLA-DPB1 | 0.186 | *** | 0.208 | *** | 0.156 | *** | 0.168 | *** |
HLA-DQB1 | 0.134 | ** | 0.155 | *** | 0.095 | * | 0.098 | * | |
HLA-DRA | 0.156 | *** | 0.173 | *** | 0.140 | ** | 0.145 | ** | |
HLA-DPA1 | 0.179 | *** | 0.197 | *** | 0.151 | *** | 0.157 | *** | |
BDCA-1(CD1C) | 0.197 | *** | 0.217 | *** | 0.101 | * | 0.103 | * | |
BDCA-4(NRP1) | 0.061 | 0.168 | 0.059 | 0.190 | 0.262 | *** | 0.184 | *** | |
CD11c(ITGAX) | 0.056 | 0.203 | 0.059 | 0.191 | 0.088 | * | 0.094 | * | |
Th1 | T-bet(TBX21) | − 0.029 | 0.514 | − 0.026 | 0.566 | 0.078 | 0.082 | 0.078 | 0.090 |
STAT4 | 0.051 | 0.248 | 0.056 | 0.213 | 0.189 | *** | 0.211 | *** | |
STAT1 | − 0.121 | ** | − 0.144 | ** | 0.031 | 0.495 | 0.026 | 0.569 | |
IFN-γ (IFNG) | − 0.206 | *** | − 0.225 | *** | − 0.051 | 0.256 | − 0.034 | 0.462 | |
TNF-α (TNF) | 0.048 | 0.274 | 0.061 | 0.173 | 0.075 | 0.092 | 0.067 | 0.142 | |
Th2 | GATA3 | 0.071 | 0.106 | 0.075 | 0.097 | 0.310 | *** | 0.307 | *** |
STAT6 | 0.102 | ** | 0.113 | * | 0.043 | 0.340 | 0.042 | 0.358 | |
STAT5A | 0.167 | *** | 0.183 | *** | 0.245 | *** | 0.259 | *** | |
IL13 | 0.024 | 0.588 | 0.024 | 0.598 | 0.033 | 0.466 | 0.020 | 0.656 | |
Tfh | BCL6 | 0.188 | *** | 0.192 | *** | − 0.031 | 0.486 | − 0.034 | 0.458 |
IL21 | − 0.071 | 0.108 | − 0.071 | 0.115 | − 0.044 | 0.323 | − 0.051 | 0.264 | |
Th17 | STAT3 | 0.206 | *** | 0.213 | *** | 0.189 | *** | 0.187 | *** |
IL17A | − 0.132 | ** | − 0.126 | ** | − 0.128 | ** | − 0.119 | ** | |
Treg | FOXP3 | 0.050 | 0.262 | 0.059 | 0.189 | 0.168 | *** | 0.176 | *** |
CCR8 | 0.023 | 0.596 | 0.018 | 0.696 | 0.151 | *** | 0.142 | ** | |
STAT5B | 0.286 | *** | 0.293 | *** | 0.287 | *** | 0.289 | *** | |
TGFβ (TGFB1) | 0.171 | *** | 0.181 | *** | 0.084 | 0.059 | 0.075 | 0.102 | |
T cell exhaustion | PD-1 (PDCD1) | 0.002 | 0.958 | 0.001 | 0.991 | 0.137 | ** | 0.146 | ** |
CTLA4 | − 0.039 | 0.378 | − 0.048 | 0.289 | 0.079 | 0.078 | 0.074 | 0.107 | |
LAG3 | − 0.080 | 0.069 | − 0.098 | * | 0.057 | 0.201 | 0.051 | 0.264 | |
TIM-3 (HAVCR2) | 0.002 | 0.969 | 0.001 | 0.984 | 0.093 | * | 0.085 | 0.065 | |
GZMB | − 0.239 | *** | − 0.273 | *** | 0.009 | 0.848 | − 0.006 | 0.901 |
High CTSF expression was correlated with favorable prognosis of NSCLC
CTSF might play an important role in antigen presentation for immune response of NSCLC
CTSF might regulate immune infiltration of NSCLC
CTSF-related immunomodulators were associated with prognosis of patients with NSCLC
Immunoinhibitor | LUAD | LUSC | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
rho | p | rho | p | |
ADORA2A | 0.058 | 0.188 | 0.174 | *** |
BTLA | 0.004 | 0.935 | 0.039 | 0.389 |
CD160 | − 0.010 | 0.828 | 0.073 | 0.102 |
CD244 | − 0.115 | ** | 0.050 | 0.263 |
CD274 | − 0.177 | *** | − 0.208 | *** |
CD96 | − 0.059 | 0.182 | 0.056 | 0.213 |
CSF1R | 0.010 | 0.827 | 0.086 | 0.054 |
CTLA4 | − 0.140 | ** | − 0.011 | 0.800 |
HAVCR2 | − 0.087 | * | 0.033 | 0.463 |
IDO1 | − 0.069 | 0.117 | 0.064 | 0.152 |
IL10 | − 0.008 | 0.860 | 0.133 | ** |
IL10RB | − 0.026 | 0.561 | 0.080 | 0.074 |
KDR | 0.131 | ** | 0.091 | * |
LAG3 | − 0.163 | *** | − 0.020 | 0.658 |
LGALS9 | − 0.010 | 0.819 | − 0.043 | 0.339 |
PDCD1 | − 0.089 | * | 0.053 | 0.234 |
PDCD1LG2 | − 0.052 | 0.239 | − 0.016 | 0.724 |
PVRL2 | − 0.102 | * | 0.031 | 0.485 |
TGFB1 | 0.063 | 0.150 | 0.000 | 0.999 |
TGFBR1 | − 0.056 | 0.201 | − 0.072 | 0.107 |
TIGIT | − 0.151 | *** | − 0.007 | 0.875 |
VTCN1 | 0.157 | *** | 0.032 | 0.468 |
Immunostimulators | LUAD | LUSC | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
rho | p | rho | p | |
C10orf54 | 0.040 | 0.362 | 0.069 | 0.124 |
CD27 | 0.102 | * | 0.103 | * |
CD276 | − 0.088 | * | 0.045 | 0.312 |
CD28 | 0.052 | 0.237 | 0.100 | * |
CD40 | 0.026 | 0.551 | 0.193 | *** |
CD40LG | 0.132 | ** | 0.100 | * |
CD48 | 0.050 | 0.259 | 0.063 | 0.160 |
CD70 | − 0.023 | 0.595 | 0.135 | ** |
CD80 | − 0.086 | 0.050 | 0.009 | 0.842 |
CD86 | − 0.063 | 0.150 | 0.053 | 0.234 |
CXCL12 | 0.167 | *** | 0.150 | *** |
CXCR4 | 0.016 | 0.712 | 0.077 | 0.084 |
ENTPD1 | 0.101 | * | 0.175 | *** |
HHLA2 | − 0.017 | 0.698 | − 0.027 | 0.541 |
ICOS | − 0.120 | ** | 0.010 | 0.831 |
ICOSLG | 0.106 | * | 0.030 | 0.499 |
IL2RA | − 0.137 | ** | 0.003 | 0.941 |
IL6 | − 0.160 | *** | − 0.031 | 0.491 |
IL6R | 0.124 | ** | 0.004 | 0.922 |
KLRC1 | − 0.181 | *** | 0.026 | 0.554 |
KLRK1 | − 0.113 | * | − 0.027 | 0.546 |
LTA | − 0.021 | 0.634 | 0.028 | 0.525 |
MICB | − 0.165 | *** | 0.041 | 0.362 |
NT5E | 0.012 | 0.778 | − 0.027 | 0.549 |
PVR | − 0.263 | *** | − 0.022 | 0.621 |
RAET1E | − 0.175 | *** | − 0.089 | * |
TMEM173 | 0.158 | *** | 0.084 | 0.061 |
TMIGD2 | − 0.104 | * | 0.033 | 0.458 |
TNFRSF13B | 0.129 | ** | 0.014 | 0.756 |
TNFRSF13C | 0.068 | 0.125 | − 0.006 | 0.899 |
TNFRSF14 | 0.061 | 0.167 | 0.159 | *** |
TNFRSF17 | 0.126 | ** | 0.103 | * |
TNFRSF18 | − 0.018 | 0.685 | − 0.047 | 0.294 |
TNFRSF25 | 0.045 | 0.311 | − 0.064 | 0.151 |
TNFRSF4 | 0.032 | 0.467 | 0.042 | 0.343 |
TNFRSF8 | − 0.062 | 0.157 | 0.090 | * |
TNFRSF9 | − 0.141 | ** | 0.065 | 0.147 |
TNFSF13 | 0.089 | * | 0.045 | 0.320 |
TNFSF13B | − 0.041 | 0.348 | 0.073 | 0.101 |
TNFSF14 | − 0.039 | 0.377 | − 0.019 | 0.669 |
TNFSF15 | 0.072 | 0.103 | 0.028 | 0.525 |
TNFSF18 | NA | NA | − 0.154 | *** |
TNFSF4 | − 0.090 | * | 0.099 | * |
TNFSF9 | − 0.143 | ** | − 0.102 | * |
ULBP1 | 0.029 | 0.511 | 0.067 | 0.632 |