Background
Methods
Phase 1- comparison of surveys conducted across the EMR countries
Phase 2-comparison of the surveys’ results
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Percentage of students who are currently smoking (smoked cigarettes on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)
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Percentage of students who are currently using any tobacco products (used any tobacco products on at least 1 day during the 30 days before the survey)
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Risk Scoring: < 7 (Low); 7–15 (Medium); ≥ 16(High)
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Percentage of students who are currently abusing alcohol (at least one drink of alcohol for at least one day during the 30 days before the survey)
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Risk Scoring: < 20 (Low); 20–39 (Medium); ≥ 40 (High)
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Percentage of students who were overweight (> + 1SD from median for BMI by age and sex)
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Percentage of students who were obese (> + 2SD from median for BMI by age and sex)
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Risk Scoring: < 10 (Low); 10–19 (Medium); ≥ 20 (High)
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Percentage of students who were physically active for at least 30/60 min per day on 5/7 days during the 7 days before the survey
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Percentage of not engaging students who were physically active for at least 30/60 min per day on 5/7 days during the 7 days before the survey
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Risk Scoring: < 50 (Low); 50–69 (Medium); ≥ 70 (High)
Results
Phase 1- comparison of the surveys
No | Module |
---|---|
36 | Dietary behaviors and overweight |
27 | Alcohol and other drug use |
37 | Hygiene |
32 | Mental health |
35 | Physical activity |
37 | Protective factors |
31 | Tobacco use |
35 | Violence and unintentional injury |
1 | Sexual behaviours that contribute to HIV infections |
1 | Other Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) |
1 | Unintended pregnancies |
Country | Survey’s Name | Implementation Year | Sample Size (Students) | Reponses Rate (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jordan | GSHS | 2004 | 2457 | 95.0 | |
2007 | 2197 | 99.8 | |||
Afghanistan | GSHS | 2014 | 2579 | 79.0 | |
Iran | CASPIAN | 2004 | 21,111 | – | |
2007 | 9171 | – | |||
2010 | 5570 | – | |||
2013 | 13,486 | 90.6 | |||
2016 | 14,274 | 99.0 | |||
United Arab Emirates | GSHS | 2005 | 15,790 | 89.0 | |
2010 | 2581 | 91.0 | |||
2016 | 5849 | 80.0 | |||
Bahrain | GSHS | 2016 | 7141 | 89.0 | |
Pakistan | GSHS | 2009 | 5192 | 76.0 | |
Tunisia | GSHS | 2008 | 2870 | 83.0 | |
Djibouti | GSHS | 2007 | 1777 | 83.0 | |
Sudan | GSHS | 2012 | 2211 | 77.0 | |
Syrian Arab Republic | GSHS | 2010 | 3102 | 97.0 | |
Iraq | GSHS | 2012 | 2038 | 88.0 | |
Saudi Arabia | Jeeluna | 2012 | 12,121 | 62.2 | |
Oman | GSHS | 2005 | 2979 | 97.0 | |
2010 | 1606 | 89.0 | |||
2015 | 3468 | 92.0 | |||
Qatar | GSHS | 2011 | 2021 | 87.0 | |
Kuwait | GSHS | 2011 | 2672 | 85.0 | |
2015 | 3637 | 78.0 | |||
Palestine | Gaza | GSHS | 2010 | 2677 | 95.0 |
UNWRAa Gaza | 2122 | 95.0 | |||
UNWRA Lebanon | 2187 | 96.0 | |||
UNWRA Syrian | 2120 | 94.0 | |||
UNWRA West Bank | 2015 | 90.0 | |||
West Bank | 1908 | 94.0 | |||
Lebanon | GSHS | 2005 | 5115 | 88.0 | |
2011 | 2286 | 87.0 | |||
2017 | 5708 | 82.0 | |||
Libya | GSHS | 2007 | 2242 | 98.0 | |
Morocco | GSHS | 2006 | 2670 | 84.0 | |
2010 | 2924 | 92.0 | |||
2016 | 6745 | 91.0 | |||
Egypt | GSHS | 2006 | 5249 | 87.0 | |
2011 | 2568 | 85.0 | |||
Yemen | GSHS | 2008 | 1175 | 82.0 | |
2014 | 2655 | 75.0 |
Phase 2-comparison of the surveys’ results
Tobacco use
16% or above
| 7–15%
| Below 7%
|
Physical activity
70% or above
| 50–69%
| Below 50%
|
Inappropriate dietary behaviors (obesity and overweight)
20% or above
| 10–19%
| Below 10%
|
Alcohol consumption
40% or above
| 20–39%
| Below 20%
|
Overall (all EMR countries) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group | Result | Dietary Behaviors | Physical Inactivity | Tobacco Use | ||
overweight | obese | Any Products | Cigarettes | |||
13–15 | pooled estimate prevalence (95% CI) | 24.5 (20.6–28.8) | 7.3 (5.4–9.5) | 82.4 (80.7–84.1) | 14.3 (10.53–18.67) | 9.6 (8.1–11.3) |
I2 | 99.6 | 99.4 | 98.3 | 99.5 | 98.7 | |
Pvalue* | P < 0.001 | |||||
13–17 | pooled estimate prevalence (95% CI) | 19.8 (13.2–27.3) | 9.7 (6.2–14.0) | 86.1 (84.1–87.9) | 17.8 (11.8–24.7) | 11.5 (9.41–13.89 |
I2 | 99.8 | 99.7 | 98.3 | 99.6 | 99.0 | |
P-value* | P < 0.001 |