Background
Strategies for car use reduction, active and sustainable mobility promotion
InterMob study
Procedure for elaborating, implementing, and evaluating a theory- and evidence-base behavioural intervention
Methods
Ethics and data protection
Participants
Study setting
Eligibility criteria
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Being 18 years and older at the time of the eligibility interview;
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Living, working, studying, in the Grenoble metropolitan area;
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Having a car or motorbike as the main transport mode during the week (excluding the weekends);
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Travelling at least 3 days a week (excluding the weekends) by car or motorbike;
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Expecting to stay in the Grenoble metropolitan area for the duration of the study (24 months).
Participant timeline
Recruitment, allocation, and blinding
Timeline of the study
Outcome | Tool | Time measurement | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | S0 | S0+ | S1 | S2 | S3 | S4 | S5 | S6 | S7 | ||
Principal outcome | |||||||||||
Car use reduction (kilometers and modal share) | Sensedoc and/or mobility logbook | ✓abc | ✓abc | ✓abc | ✓abc | ✓bc | ✓bc | ✓ab | ✓bc | ||
Secondary outcomes | |||||||||||
Use of active and sustainable mobility (kilometers and modal share) | Sensedoc and/or mobility logbook | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | |
Minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity | Sensedoc and/or IPAQ [60] | ✓a | ✓a | ✓a | ✓a | ✓ | ✓ | ✓a | ✓ | ||
Exposure to air pollution | MicroPem | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
Carbon footprint related to transport | Calculation based on the travelled kilometers and the mode of transport | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ||
Quality of life | Survey SF-12 [61] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Biometrics | Biometrics survey (size and weight) | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | |||||
Activity programme | Mobility logbook | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | ✓c | |
Mobility diagnosis | Survey | ✓ | |||||||||
Accessibility by public transport and bicycle | Calculation of spatial information through a survey | ✓c | |||||||||
Cyclability | Calculation of spatial information through a survey | ✓c | |||||||||
Socio-demographic information survey | Survey | ✓ | |||||||||
Socio-demographic follow-up survey | Survey | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Psychological constructs survey part 1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||
Stage of mobility change | Adapted survey [62] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Associated mobility habits | Adaptated survey [63] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Green identity | Survey [64] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||
Psychological constructs survey part 2 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||
Mobility habits | Adapted survey [65] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Intention towards mobility | Adapted survey [66] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Mobility self-efficacy | Adapted survey [66] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Intention implementation towards active mobility | Adapted survey [66] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Mobility attitudes | Adapted survey [66] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Perceived risks of COVID-19 | Adapted Survey [67] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Mobility subjectives norms | Adapted survey [66] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
Psychological constructs survey part 3 | Adapted survey | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||
✓ | |||||||||||
Satisfaction with travel | Adapted survey [68] | ✓ | |||||||||
Mobility motivation | Adapted survey [69] | ✓ | |||||||||
Psychological constructs survey part 4 | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | |||
Subjective vitality | Adapted survey [70] | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ||
Tentation and conflict | Adapted survey [71] | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ✓b | ||
Reach of the intervention | Ratio of contacted people, eligible and enrolled people | ✓c | |||||||||
Quality of the implementation | Checklist for every intervention meeting (answered by the programme implementer) | ✓c | ✓c |
Retention of participants
Power analysis and sample size
Interventions
Experimental arm
Active control arm
Element | Experimental arm | Active control arm |
---|---|---|
Material incentive | 6 months of free transport and/or 6 months of free access to a classic or an electric bike | |
2 appointments with a programme implementer | First appointment: Discussion about the motivations to reduce car use, co-construction of a personalised mobility advice, mobility change goals setting, development of an action plan, prevention of obstacles to change mobility behaviour. Second appointment: Evaluation and adaptation of change goals and resolution of obstacles | First appointment: Concept of air pollution, in-depth questions on pollution (sources of air pollution, health consequences, pollution levels in Grenoble metropolitan area), discussion about the association between air pollution and car use and discussion about the benefits and advantages of the frequent use of the car Second appointment: Evaluation and discussion of the air quality and the identified pollution peaks |
Notebook to be filled up | Goals notebook: 1. Setting new goals or adapting goals every two weeks 2. Taking notes of the experienced obstacles (if any) and looking for solutions | Observation notebook: 1. Taking note of the air pollution every two weeks 2. Taking note of the announced air pollution peaks (if any) |
2 kinds of SMS (1 SMS per week during the first 3 months and 1 SMS bimonthly during the last six months) | 1. Prompting the Setting and the Adaptation of goals, action planning and, habit formation 2. Self-monitoring of positive consequences of mobility change (e.g., better physical state, feeling of well-being) | 1. Taking notes of the air pollution indices and comments 2. Taking notes of the announced air pollution peaks and comments |