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Erschienen in: DGNeurologie 5/2023

16.08.2023 | Meningoenzephalitis | Leitlinie

S2k-Leitlinie: Ambulant erworbene bakterielle Meningoenzephalitis im Erwachsenenalter

Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. H.-W. Pfister, Prof. Dr. M. Klein

Erschienen in: DGNeurologie | Ausgabe 5/2023

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Auszug

  • Unter anderem ist infolge der verfügbaren Impfungen gegen Haemophilus influenzae und Neisseria meningitidis die Inzidenz der akuten bakteriellen Meningitis in den letzten 30 Jahren rückläufig. Dagegen haben Pneumokokkenimpfungen bisher zu keinem signifikanten Rückgang der Inzidenz der Pneumokokkenmeningitis bei Erwachsenen geführt.
  • Während der ersten 2 Jahre der Coronapandemie kam es in Deutschland zu einem signifikanten Rückgang an Meningitisfällen, die durch Streptococcus pneumoniae hervorgerufen wurden. Die Anzahl an invasiven Meningokokkenerkrankungen war im Vergleich zu den Vorjahren ebenfalls signifikant reduziert.
  • Multiplex-PCR-Tests zur Detektion der häufigsten bakteriellen und viralen Meningitis- und Enzephalitiserreger zeigen eine hohe Sensitivität und Spezifität.
  • Aufgrund des Auftretens von Resistenzen soll Penicillin G bei Vorliegen einer Meningokokkenmeningitis ohne vorherige Resistenztestung nicht zum Einsatz kommen.
  • In einer französischen prospektiven Registerstudie zu Listerieninfektionen war eine adjuvante Therapie mit Kortikosteroiden mit einer erhöhten Sterblichkeit assoziiert. In einer niederländischen prospektiven Registerstudie fand sich dagegen bei Patienten mit Listerienmeningitis eine Assoziation einer adjuvanten Steroidtherapie mit einer verbesserten Prognose und reduzierten Sterblichkeit. Prospektive randomisierte verblindete Studien fehlen; die Frage nach einem möglichen Effekt einer adjuvanten Dexamethasontherapie bei Listerienmeningitis bleibt derzeit nicht eindeutig beantwortet.
  • Eine aktuelle retrospektive Fallserie fand bei Thrombose des Sinus transversus bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit bakterieller Meningitis kein erhöhtes Einblutungsrisiko unter Heparin.
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Metadaten
Titel
S2k-Leitlinie: Ambulant erworbene bakterielle Meningoenzephalitis im Erwachsenenalter
Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. H.-W. Pfister
Prof. Dr. M. Klein
Publikationsdatum
16.08.2023

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