Introduction
Methods
Study design and patient selection
Pre-surgical procedure
Surgical procedure
Post-surgical procedure
Radiographic evaluation
Results
SEX (M/F) | 38/38 |
Age (y) (range) | 52 ± 10 (31–73) |
Smoke | 18 (23.7%) |
Periodontal disease | 30 (39.5%) |
Systemic disease (total) | 31 (40.8%) |
Hypertension | 12 (15.8%) |
Depression | 6 (7,9%) |
Diabetes | 2 (2.6%) |
Liver disease | 2 (2.6%) |
Osteoporosis | 2 (2.6%) |
Anemia | 2 (2.6%) |
Concomitant medications | Anticoagulants (3); antihypertensive (2); metformina (1); antidepressive (3); eutirox (3); FANS (1); immunosuppressants (1) |
Alterations of the sinusal mucosa | 8 (10.5%): 7 = mild thickening of the mucosa 1 = mucous retention cyst |
Bone class (A/C) | 40 (52.6%)/36 (47.4%) |
Residual bone height (mm) | 3.7 ± 1.5 |
Septa | 4 (5.3%) |
Posterior superior alveolar artery passing through the osteotomy area | 10 (13.2%) |
Implants contestually | 11 (14.47%) |
Patient-reported outcomes
Vas 1 | Vas 2 | Vas 3 | Vas 4 | Vas 5 | Vas 6 | Vas 7 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | ||
Total population | 5.07 ± 2.13; (2.5) | 5 (0; 10) | 4.37 ± 2.52; (3) | 5(0;10) | 3.27 ± 2.41 (4) | 3 (0; 8) | 1.94 ± 2.06 (3) | 1 (0; 8) | 1.10 ± 1.83 (2) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.61 ± 1.58 (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.36 ± 1.27 (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | |
Variab. | Group | ||||||||||||||
Sex | M | 5.10 ± 2.25; (2.5) | 5(0; 10) | 4.15 ± 2.73; (3) | 5(0; 10) | 2.91 ± 2.53; (4) | 2.5 (0; 8) | 2.01 ± 2.33 (3) | 1 (0; 7.5) | 1.07 ± 1.95 (2) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.61 ± 1.71; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.47 ± 1.63; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) |
F | 5.03 ± 2.03; (1.5) | 5.15 (5; 10) | 4.59 ± 2.03; (2) | 5(0; 9) | 3.63 ± 2.27; (3.5) | 4(0; 8) | 1.87 ± 1.78; (1.3) | 1.4(0; 8) | 1.14 ± 1.72; (2) | 0 (0; 6) | 0.61 ± 1.48; (0) | 0 (0; 6.5) | 0.28 ± 0.77; (0) | 0 (0; 4) | |
p value | 0.8953 | 0.3196 | 0.1483 | 0.6039 | 0.4977 | 0.7878 | 0.6350 | ||||||||
SMK | Y | 5.91 ± 2.11; (2) | 6 (1; 10) | 4.92 ± 2.80; (2) | 5 (0; 10) | 3.96 ± 2.77; (5) | 4.5 (0;8) | 2.09 ± 2.18; (3.5) | 1.35 (0; 6) | 1.09 ± 1.65; (2) | 0 (0; 5.6) | 0.47 ± 1.58; (0) | 0 (0;6.5) | 0.06 ± 0.24; (0) | 0 (0; 1) |
N | 4.81 ± 2.09; (2) | 5 (0; 9) | 4.20 ± 2.43; (3) | 5 (0; 9) | 3.06 ± 2.27; (4) | 3 (0; 8) | 1.89 ± 2.04; (2.3) | 1 (0; 8) | 1.11 ± 1.89; (2) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.65 ± 1.60; (0) | 0(0; 9.5) | 0.46 ± 1.43; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | |
p value | 0.0642 | 0.3893 | 0.2180 | 0.8033 | 0.9619 | 0.3289 | 01599 | ||||||||
HYP | Y | 5.68 ± 1.85; (2.69) | 2.39 (1; 7) | 4.43 ± 2.86; (4.4) | 5 (0; 9) | 3.58 ± 2.89; (4.65) | 3.75 (0; 8) | 2.45 ± 2.57; (3.65) | 1.85 (0; 8) | 1.72 ± 2.21; (2.75) | 0.75 (0; 6) | 1.33 ± 2.26; (2.25) | 0 (0; 6.5) | 0.71 ± 1.36; (1) | 0 (0; 4) |
N | 4.95 ± 2.17; (2) | 5 (0; 10) | 4.36 ± 2.48; (3) | 5 (0; 10) | 3.21 ± 2.33; (4) | 3 (0; 8) | 1.84 ± 1.96; (2.65) | 1 (0; 7.5) | 0.99 ± 1.74; (2) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.47 ± 1.41; (0) | 0 (0;9.5) | 3 ± 125; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | |
p value | 0.2254 | 0.6912 | 0.7684 | 0.5517 | 0.1818 | 0.1425 | 0.2476 | ||||||||
RBH | < 5 | 5.29 ± 2.25; (2) | 5(0; 10) | 4.68 ± 2.59; (2) | 5(0;10) | 3.45 ± 2.55; (4) | 3.5(0; 8) | 1.91 ± 2.24; (2.5) | 1 (0; 7.5) | 1.17 ± 2.17; (1) | 0(0; 9.5) | 0.29 ± 1.59; (0) | 0(0;9.5) | 0.42 ± 1.76; (0) | 0(0;9.5) |
≥ 5 | 4.87 ± 2.03; (2.35) | 5 (0; 9) | 4.09 ± 2.46; (3.5) | 5 (0; 9) | 3.11 ± 2.31; (4) | 3 (0; 8) | 1.97 ± 1.92; (2.75) | 2 (0; 8) | 1.04 ± 1.47; (2) | 0 (0; 6) | 0.56 ± 1.13; (2.5) | 0(0; 50) | 0.43 ± 0.9; (0.25) | 0 (0; 4) | |
p value | 0.3983 | 0.7825 | 0.0683 | 0.1261 | 0.2328 | 0.0432 | 0.4974 | ||||||||
PER | Y | 5.03 ± 2.17; (4) | 6 (0; 10) | 4.1 ± 3.06; (6) | 5 (0; 10) | 3.18 ± 2.7; (5) | 3 (0; 8) | 1.95 ± 2.25; (3) | 1 (0; 7.5) | 1.03 ± 1.96; (2) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.48 ± 1.82; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.42 ± 1.76; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) |
N | 5.09 ± 1.67; (2) | 5 (1; 9) | 4.54 ± 2.12; (3) | 5 (0; 9) | 3.33 ± 2.24; (3.5) | 3 (0; 8) | 1.93 ± 1.95; (1.8) | 1.4 (0; 8) | 1.15 ± 1.75; (2) | 0 (0; 6) | 0.69 ± 1.42; (5) | 0 (0; 6.5) | 0.33 ± 0.82; (0) | 0 (0; 4) | |
p value | 0.4641 | 0.7588 | 0.7156 | 0.6649 | 0.6825 | 0.1133 | 0.2991 | ||||||||
BCL | A | 5.35 ± 2.38; (2.75) | 5(0; 10) | 4.54 ± 2.8; (3) | 5 (0; 10) | 3.29 ± 2.54; (4) | 3 (0; 8) | 1.99 ± 2.1; (2.7) | 2 (0; 8) | 1.28 ± 1.73; (2) | 0 (0; 6) | 0.5 ± 1.15; (0) | 0 (0; 5) | 0.32 ± 0.85; (0) | 0 (0; 4) |
C | 4.76 ± 1.99; (2.5) | 5 (0; 7) | 4.18 ± 2.20; (3) | 5(0; 7) | 3.25 ± 2.29; (4) | 3.5 (0; 7.7) | 1.88 ± 2.04; (3) | 1 (0; 7.5) | 0.91 ± 1.93; (1) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.73 ± 1.97; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0.41 ± 1.62; (0) | 0 (0; 9.5) | |
p value | 0.4671 | 0.6201 | 0.9791 | 0.8114 | 03043 | 0.9821 | 0.6759 |
Day 2 | Day 3 | Day 4 | Day 5 | Day 6 | Day 7 | Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variab. | Group | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) | Mean ± SD; (IQR) | Median (min; max) |
Sex | M | 1.53 ± 0.80; (1) | 1.5 (0; 3) | 1.05 ± 0.80; (0) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.66 ± 0.78; (1) | 0(0; 2) | 0.29 ± 0.65; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.21 ± 0.58; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.08 ± 0.20; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 3.97 ± 3.43; (2) | 3 (0; 13) |
F | 171 ± 0.65; (1) | 2 (0; 3) | 1.13 ± 0.74; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.68 ± 0.70; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.24 ± 0.49; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.16 ± 0.49; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0 ± 0; (0) | 0 (0; 0) | 3.89 ± 2.60; (2) | 3 (0; 14) | |
p value | 0.1884 | 0.5579 | 0.7367 | 0.9224 | 0.7110 | 0.0792 | 0.4768 | ||||||||
SMK | Y | 1.78 ± 0.81; (1) | 2 (0; 3) | 1.39 ± 0.92; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.83 ± 0.71; (1) | 1 (0; 2) | 0.44 ± 0.70; (1) | 0(0; 2) | 0.11 ± 0.32; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 5.11 ± 3.36; (3) | 4 (2; 13) | ||
N | 1.57 ± 0.70; (1) | 2(0; 3) | 1 ± 0.70; (0) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.62 ± 0.75; (1) | 0 (0; 3) | 0.21 ± 0.52; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.14 ± 0.44; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.02 ± 0.13; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 3.57 ± 2.86; (2) | 3 (0; 14) | |
p value | 0.3110 | 0.0868 | 0.2052 | 0.1012 | 0.3955 | 0.0759 | 0.0485 | ||||||||
HYP | Y | 1.5 ± 0.80; (1) | 1.5 (0; 3) | 1 ± 0.74; (1) | 1 (0; 2) | 0.67 ± 0.65; (1) | 1 (0; 2) | 0.25 ± 0.45; (0.5) | 0 (0; 1) | 0.25 ± 0.62; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.08 ± 0.29; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 4.58 ± 3.96; (4) | 3 (1; 14) |
N | 1.64 ± 0.72; (1) | 2 (0; 3) | 1.11 ± 0.78; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.67 ± 0.76; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.26 ± 0.60; (0) | 0(0; 2) | 0.17 ± 0.52; (2) | 0(0; 2) | 0.03 ± 0.18; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 3.81 ± 2.83; (1.5) | 3 (0; 13) | |
p value | 0.4982 | 0.7256 | 0.8696 | 0.7345 | 0.5850 | 0.3983 | 0.9594 | ||||||||
RBH | < 3 | 1.62 ± 0.80; (1) | 2 (0; 3) | 1.28 ± 0.81; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.83 ± 0.85; (1) | 1(0; 3) | 0.36 ± 0.68; (0.5) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.33 ± 0.72; (0) | 0(0; 2) | 0.06 ± 0.23; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 4.06 ± 3.18; (1.5) | 3 (0; 13) |
≥ 3 | 1.6 ± 0.67; (1) | 2(0; 3) | 0.93 ± 0.69; (1) | 1 (0; 2) | 0.53 ± 0.60; (1) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.18 ± 0.45; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.05 ± 0.22; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 0.03 ± 0.16; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 3.82 ± 2.92; (2) | 3 (0; 14) | |
p value | 0.7825 | 0.0683 | 0.1261 | 0.2328 | 0.0432 | 0.4974 | 0.8233 | ||||||||
PER | Y | 1.4 ± 0.81; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 1 ± 0.87; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.6 ± 0.77; (1) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.33 ± 0.71; (0) | 0(0; 2) | 0.2 ± 0.61; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.07 ± 0.25; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 3.53 ± 3.28; (2) | 3 (0; 13) |
N | 1.76 ± 0.64; (1) | 2(0; 3) | 1.15 ± 0.70; (1) | 1 (0; 3) | 0.72 ± 0.72; (1) | 1(0; 3) | 0.21 ± 0.47; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.17 ± 0.49; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.02 ± 0.15; (0) | 0 (0; 1) | 4.20 ± 2.86; (2) | 3 (0;14) | |
p value | 0.0409 | 0.2817 | 0.3915 | 0.7826 | 0.7762 | 0.3287 | 0.1611 | ||||||||
BCL | A | 1.62 ± 0.74; (1) | 2(0;3) | 1.18 ± 0.78; (0.5) | 1(0; 3) | 0.63 ± 0.77; (1) | 0 (0; 3) | 0.28 ± 0.6; (0) | 0(0; 2) | 0.2 ± 0.56; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.08 ± 0.27; (0) | 0(0; 1) | 3.9 ± 3.3; (2) | 3 (0; 14) |
C | 1.61 ± 0.73; (1) | 2(0; 3) | 1 ± 0.76; (2) | 1 (0; 2) | 0.72 ± 0.7; (1) | 1 (0; 2) | 0.25 ± 0.55; (0) | 0 (0; 2) | 0.17 ± 0.51; (0) | 0(0; 2) | 0 ± 0; (0) | 0 (0; 0) | 9.97 ± 2.74; (2) | 4 (0; 112) | |
p value | 0.9039 | 0.4453 | 0.4210 | 0.9223 | 0.8383 | 0.0958 | 0.3412 |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Intergroup difference (Mann-Whitney) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N° of subjects (relative percentage) | Mean ± SD; (IQR)–median (min; max) | ||||||
SUB | Total | 37 (48.68) | 26 (34.21) | 8 (10.53) | 2 (2.63) | 3 (3.95) | 0.79 ± 1.01; (1)–1 (0; 4) |
SEX | M | 16(42.1) | 16 (42.11) | 3 (7.89) | 1 (2.63) | 2 (5.26) | 0.87 ± 1.04; (1)–1 (0; 4) |
F | 21(55.26) | 10 (26.32) | 5 (13.16) | 1 (2.63) | 1 (2.63) | 0.71 ± 0.98; (1)–0 (0; 4) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.5720 | 0.4026 | |||||
SMK | Y | 9 (50) | 7 (38.89) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (11.11) | 0.83 ± 1.24; (1)–0.5 (0; 4) |
N | 28 (48.28) | 19 (32.76) | 8 (6.1) | 2 (3.45) | 1 (1.72) | 0.78 ± 0.94; (1)–1 (0; 4) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.3650 | 0.8056 | |||||
HYP | Y | 6 (50.00) | 3 (25.00) | 1 (8.33) | 1 (8.33) | 1 (8.33) | 1 ± 1.37; (1.5)–0.5 (0; 4) |
N | 31 (48.44) | 23 (35.94) | 7 (10.94) | 1 (1.56) | 2 (3.12) | 0.75 ± 0.94; (1)–1 (0; 4) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.3650 | 0.8056 | |||||
RBH | < 3 | 19 (52.78) | 10 (27.78) | 5 (13.89) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.56) | 0.78 ± 1.07; (1)–0(0; 4) |
> 3 | 18 (45.00) | 16 (40.00) | 3 (7.50) | 2 (5.00) | 1 (2.50) | 0.8 ± 0.97; (1)–1 (0; 4) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.4650 | 0.718 | |||||
PER | Y | 11 (36.67) | 13 (43.33) | 4 (13.33) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.67) | 0.97 ± 1.07; (1)–1(0; 4) |
N | 26 (56.52) | 13 (28.26) | 4 (8.70) | 2 (4.35) | 1 (2.17) | 0.67 ± 0.97; (1)–0(0; 4) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.2540 | 0.1310 | |||||
BCL | A | 21 (52.5) | 13 (32.5) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5) | 3 (7.5) | 0.83 ± 0.12; (1)–0 (0; 4) |
C | 16 (44.44) | 13 (36.11) | 7 (19.44) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.07 ± 0.08; (1)–1 (0; 2) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.0320 | 0.5945 |
VAS 1 | VAS 2 | VAS 3 | VAS 4 | VAS 5 | VAS 6 | VAS 7 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | N° | Median–IQR (min; max) | Median–IQR (min; max) | Median–IQR (min; max) | Median–IQR (min; max) | Median–IQR (min; max) | Median–IQR (min; max) | Median–IQR (min; max) | ||||||||
D | 0 | 37 | 5 | 1 (0; 8) | 5 | 2 (0; 8) | 3 | 4 (0; 8) | 1 | 2 (0; 6) | 0 | 1 (1; 5.6) | 0 | 0 (0; 6.5) | 0 | 0 (0; 1) |
1 | 26 | 5 | 3.5 (0; 8) | 5 | 3 (0; 7) | 3.5 | 3 (0; 7) | 1.5 | 3 (0; 6) | 0 | 2 (0; 5) | 0 | 2 (0; 3) | 0 | 0 (0; 2) | |
2 | 8 | 4 | 5 (5; 7) | 2.5 | 5.6 (0; 65) | 1.8 | 3.3 (0; 5) | 1.6 | 3.5 (0; 7.5) | 0.6 | 3 (0;9.5) | 0.6 | 2.5 (0; 9.5) | 0 | 1.6 (0; 9.5) | |
3 | 2 | 4.3 | 4.5 (2; 6.5) | 3.3 | 6.5 (0; 65) | 2.3 | 4.5 (0; 4.5) | 2.3 | 4.5 (0; 4.5) | 1.8 | 3.5 (0; 3.5) | 1.3 | 2.5 (0; 2.5) | 1.3 | 2.5 (0; 2.5) | |
4 | 3 | 10 | 1 (9; 10) | 10 | 1 (9; 10) | 8 | 0 (8; 8) | 6 | 20 (6; 8) | 3 | 3 (3; 6) | 0 | 5 (0; 5) | 0 | 4 (0; 4) | |
p value | 0.0425 | 0.0481 | 0.0259 | 0.0518 | 0.0585 | 0.0762 | 0.0401 | |||||||||
W | 0 | 59 | 5 | 2 (0; 8) | 5 | 3 (0; 8) | 3 | 4 (0; 7.7) | 1 | 2 (0; 7.5) | 0 | 1 (0; 9.5) | 0 | 0 (0; 9.5) | 0 | 0( 0; 9.5) |
1 | 12 | 6 | 4.5 (0.5; 8) | 5.5 | 4.5 (0; 8) | 4.5 | 4.5 (0; 8) | 2.5 | 4; (0; 6) | 1 | 3.5 (0; 5) | 0 | 2 (0; 3) | 0 | 0 (0; 1) | |
2 | 1 | 3 | 0 (3; 3) | 3 | 0 (3; 3) | 1.5 | 0 (1.5; 1.5) | 0 | 0 (0; 0) | 0 | 0 (0; 0) | 0 | 0 (0; 0) | 0 | 0 (0; 0) | |
3 | 4 | 9.5 | 30 (5; 10) | 9.5 | 5.1 (0.8; 10) | 8 | 3.6 (0.9; 8) | 6 | 3.5 (1.1; 8) | 3 | 2.4 (1.2; 6) | 0.6 | 3.1 (0; 5) | 0.6 | 2.6 (0; 4) | |
p value | 0.0450 | 0.189 | 0.1208 | 0.0241 | 0.0104 | 0.2101 | 0.2236 |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | Intergroup different (Mann-Whitney) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N° of subjects (relative percentage) | Mean ± SD; (IQR)–median (min; max) | |||||
SUB | Total | 59 (77.63) | 12 (15.79) | 1 (1.32) | 4 (5.96) | 0.34 ± 0.75; (0)–0(0; 3) |
SEX | M | 33 (86.84) | 3 (7.89) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.26) | 0.24 ± 0.71; (0)–0(0; 3) |
F | 26 (68.42) | 9 (23.68) | 1 (2.63) | 2 (5.26) | 0.45 ± 0.80; (1)-0(0; 3) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.1960 | 0.0684 | ||||
SMK | Y | 14 (77.78) | 2 (11.11) | 0 (0) | 2 (11.11) | 0.44 ± 0.98; (0)–0(0; 3) |
N | 45 (77.69) | 10 (17.24) | 1 (1.72) | 2 (3.45) | 0.31 ± 0.68; (0)–0(0; 3) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.5360 | 0.9063 | ||||
HYP | Y | 11 (91.67) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8.33) | 0.25 ± 0.87; (0)–0(0; 3) |
N | 48 (75.00) | 12 (18.75) | 1 (1.56) | 3 (4.69) | 0.36 ± 0.74; (0.5)–0(0; 3) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.4020 | 0.2597 | ||||
RBH | < 3 | 27 (75.00) | 7 (19.44) | 0 (0) | 2 (5.56) | 0.36 ± 0.76; (0.5)–0(0; 3) |
> 3 | 32 (80.00) | 5 (12.50) | 1 (2.50) | 2 (5.00) | 0.33 ± 0.76; (0)–0(0; 4) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.4650 | 0.6520 | ||||
PER | Y | 23 (76.67) | 5 (16.67) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.67) | 0.37 ± 0.81; (0)–0(0; 3) |
N | 36 (78.26) | 7 (15.22) | 1 (2.17) | 2 (4.35) | 0.33 ± 0.73; (0)–0(0; 0) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 1.0000 | 0.8665 | ||||
BCL | A | 33 (82.5) | 4 (10) | 0 (0) | 3 (7.5) | 0.32 ± 0.83; (0)–0(0; 3) |
C | 26 (72.22) | 8 (22.22) | 1 (2.78) | 1 (2.78) | 0.36 ± 0.68; (1)–0(0; 3) | |
Fisher’s exact test | 0.2520 | 0.3558 |