Background
Methods
Data source, study design and study population
Study variables
Dependent variable
Primary explanatory variables of interest
Other explanatory variables
Statistical analyses
Results
Background Characteristics | Weighted % | Missing (%) |
---|---|---|
Sex
| 0.0 | |
Male | 51.1 | |
Female | 48.9 | |
Ethnicity
| 0.0 | |
White | 71.1 | |
Aboriginal | 3.1 | |
Visible minority | 25.8 | |
Age
| 0.0 | |
18–34 | 30.4 | |
35–49 | 25.2 | |
50–64 | 26.2 | |
65 and above | 18.1 | |
Marital status
| 0.2 | |
Married | 52.6 | |
Common-law | 9.6 | |
Widowed/Divorced/Separated | 11.7 | |
Single | 26.1 | |
Educational level
| 1.5 | |
Less than secondary school graduation | 7.6 | |
Secondary school graduation | 25.3 | |
Post-secondary certificate diploma/university | 67.2 | |
Immigration Status
| 2.0 | |
Landed immigrant | 30.1 | |
Non-immigrant (Canadian born) | 69.9 | |
Household food security
| 2.4 | |
Food secure | 92.7 | |
Moderately food insecure | 4.6 | |
Severely food insecure | 2.6 | |
Household income
| 0.0 | |
No income or less than $20,000 | 5.3 | |
$20,000 to $39,999 | 10.4 | |
$40,000 to $59,999 | 13.0 | |
$60,000 to $79,999 | 12.4 | |
$80,000 or more | 59.0 | |
Smoking
| 0.0 | |
Daily | 12.1 | |
Occasionally | 4.9 | |
Not at all | 83.0 | |
Perceived mental health
| 2.6 | |
Poor | 1.8 | |
Fair | 6.2 | |
Good | 22.9 | |
Very good | 38.3 | |
Excellent | 30.8 | |
Life stress
| 0.3 | |
Not at all stressful | 11.2 | |
Not very stressful | 24.1 | |
A bit stressful | 42.3 | |
Quite a bit stressful | 19.0 | |
Extremely stressful | 3.4 | |
Work stress level * | 1.3 | |
Not at all stressful | 8.2 | |
Not very stressful | 20.5 | |
A bit stressful | 43.6 | |
Quite a bit stressful | 22.8 | |
Extremely stressful | 4.9 |
Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | p-values | |
---|---|---|
Socio-demographic variables
| ||
Sex
| ||
Male | 1 |
0.000
|
Female |
0.52(0.52–0.52)
|
0.000
|
Ethnicity
| ||
White | 1 | |
Aboriginal |
1.12(1.12–1.13)
|
0.000
|
Visible minority |
0.44(0.44–0.44)
|
0.000
|
Age
| ||
18–34 | 1 | |
35–49 |
1.09(1.08–1.09)
|
0.000
|
50–64 |
1.18(1.18–1.19)
|
0.000
|
65 and above |
0.95(0.95–0.95)
|
0.000
|
Marital status
| ||
Married | 1 | |
Common-law |
1.48(1.47–1.48)
|
0.000
|
Widowed/Divorced/Separated |
0.93(0.93–0.93)
|
0.000
|
Single |
1.05(1.04–1.05)
|
0.000
|
Educational level
| ||
Less than secondary school graduation | 1 | |
Secondary school graduation |
1.04(1.03–1.04)
|
0.000
|
Post-secondary certificate diploma/university |
0.96(0.95–0.96)
|
0.000
|
Immigration Status
| ||
Landed immigrant | 1 | |
Non-immigrant (Canadian born) |
1.87(1.86–1.87)
|
0.000
|
Household food security
| ||
Food secure | 1 | |
Moderately food insecure |
0.85(0.84–0.85)
|
0.000
|
Severely food insecure |
0.90(0.90–0.91)
|
0.113
|
Household income
| ||
No income or less than $20,000 | 1 | |
$20,000 to $39,999 |
0.91(0.91–0.92)
|
0.000
|
$40,000 to $59,999 |
1.06(1.06–1.07)
|
0.000
|
$60,000 to $79,999 |
1.07(1.07–1.08)
|
0.000
|
$80,000 or more |
1.30(1.30–1.31)
|
0.000
|
Smoking
| ||
Not at all | 1 | |
Occasionally |
1.76(1.75–1.77)
|
0.000
|
Daily |
1.92(1.91–1.93)
|
0.000
|
Main exposure variables
| ||
Life stress
| ||
Not at all stressful |
1
| |
Not very stressful |
1.05(1.04–1.05)
|
0.000
|
A bit stressful |
0.93(0.93–0.93)
|
0.000
|
Quite a bit stressful |
1.11(1.11–1.12)
|
0.000
|
Extremely stressful |
1.45(1.47–1.46)
|
0.000
|
Work stress level
| ||
Not at all stressful |
1
| |
Not very stressful |
1.07(1.07–1.08)
|
0.000
|
A bit stressful |
1.14(1.14–1.15)
|
0.000
|
Quite a bit stressful |
1.13(1.13–1.14)
|
0.000
|
Extremely stressful |
1.74(1.73–1.76)
|
0.000
|
Perceived mental health
| ||
Poor | 1 | |
Fair |
0.86(0.85–0.86)
|
0.000
|
Good |
0.81(0.80–0.81)
|
0.000
|
Very good |
0.80(0.79–0.80)
|
0.000
|
Excellent |
0.77(0.77–0.78)
|
0.000
|
Adjusted RR (95% CI) | p-values | |
---|---|---|
Socio-demographic variables
| ||
Sex
| ||
Male | 1 |
-
|
Female |
0.56(0.55–0.56)
|
0.000
|
Age
| ||
18–34 | 1 |
-
|
35–49 |
1.07(1.07–1.08)
|
0.000
|
50–64 |
1.17(1.16–1.17)
|
0.000
|
65 and above |
1.14 (1.13–1.15)
|
0.000
|
Marital status
| ||
Married | 1 |
-
|
Common-law |
1.25(1.25–1.26)
|
0.000
|
Widowed/Divorced/Separated |
1.01(1.01–1.02)
|
0.000
|
Single |
1.10(1.10–1.11)
|
0.000
|
Educational level
| ||
Less than secondary school graduation | 1 |
-
|
Secondary school graduation |
1.01(1.00-1.01)
|
0.008
|
Post-secondary certificate diploma/university |
1.06 (1.05–1.06)
|
0.000
|
Immigration Status
| ||
Landed immigrant | 1 |
-
|
Non-immigrant (Canadian born) |
1.37(1.36–1.37)
|
0.000
|
Household food security
| ||
Food secure | 1 |
-
|
Moderately food insecure |
0.83(0.83–0.84)
|
0.000
|
Severely food insecure |
0.77(0.76–0.77)
|
0.000
|
Household income
| ||
No income or less than $20,000 | 1 |
-
|
$20,000 to $39,999 |
0.93(0.92–0.93)
|
0.000
|
$40,000 to $59,999 |
1.07(1.07–1.08)
|
0.000
|
$60,000 to $79,999 |
1.06(1.06–1.07)
|
0.000
|
$80,000 or more |
1.19(1.18–1.20)
|
0.000
|
Smoking
| ||
Not at all | 1 |
-
|
Occasionally |
1.91(1.89–1.92)
|
0.000
|
Daily |
1.86(1.85–1.86)
|
0.000
|
Perceived life stress | Racial status | Estimate | 95% CI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean
|
Std. Error
|
Lower
|
Upper
| ||
Extremely stressful | Visible Minorities | 2.23 | 0.05 | 2.16 | 2.36 |
Aboriginal | 7.16 | 0.21 | 6.76 | 7.59 | |
White | 6.35 | 0.14 | 6.08 | 6.63 | |
Quite a bit stressful | Visible Minorities | 3.14 | 0.07 | 3.01 | 3.28 |
Aboriginal | 4.29 | 0.09 | 4.10 | 4.49 | |
White | 5.21 | 0.11 | 4.99 | 5.44 | |
A bit stressful | Visible Minorities | 2.33 | 0.05 | 2.23 | 2.43 |
Aboriginal | 4.17 | 0.09 | 3.99 | 4.36 | |
White | 4.75 | 0.10 | 4.55 | 4.95 | |
Not very stressful | Visible Minorities | 2.41 | 0.05 | 2.30 | 2.51 |
Aboriginal | 5.29 | 0.12 | 5.06 | 5.54 | |
White | 5.52 | 0.12 | 5.29 | 5.76 | |
Not at all stressful | Visible Minorities | 2.17 | 0.05 | 2.08 | 2.26 |
Aboriginal | 6.47 | 0.16 | 6.16 | 6.79 | |
White | 5.40 | 0.12 | 5.17 | 5.63 |
Estimate | 95% CI | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived stress at work
|
Racial status
|
Mean
|
Std. Error
|
Lower
|
Upper
| ||
Extremely stressful | Visible Minorities | 3.19 | 0.07 | 3.06 | 3.34 | ||
Aboriginal | 5.69 | 0.15 | 5.41 | 5.99 | |||
White | 6.88 | 0.15 | 6.59 | 7.18 | |||
Quite a bit stressful | Visible Minorities | 2.31 | 0.05 | 2.22 | 2.42 | ||
Aboriginal | 9.07 | 0.21 | 8.67 | 9.49 | |||
White | 5.28 | 0.12 | 5.06 | 5.52 | |||
A bit stressful | Visible Minorities | 2.62 | 0.06 | 2.51 | 2.73 | ||
Aboriginal | 6.19 | 0.14 | 5.92 | 6.47 | |||
White | 5.42 | 0.12 | 5.20 | 5.66 | |||
Not very stressful | Visible Minorities | 2.39 | 0.05 | 2.29 | 2.49 | ||
Aboriginal | 5.35 | 0.12 | 5.11 | 5.60 | |||
White | 4.74 | 0.10 | 4.54 | 4.95 | |||
Not at all stressful | Visible Minorities | 1.87 | 0.04 | 1.79 | 1.95 | ||
Aboriginal | 2.57 | 0.06 | 2.45 | 2.70 | |||
White | 5.00 | 0.11 | 4.79 | 5.22 |
Estimate | 95% CI | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived mental health
|
Racial status
|
Mean
|
Std. Error
|
Lower
|
Upper
| ||
Excellent | Visible Minorities | 2.70 | 0.05 | 2.60 | 2.81 | ||
Aboriginal | 5.64 | 0.12 | 5.42 | 5.88 | |||
White | 4.75 | 0.10 | 4.57 | 4.94 | |||
Very good | Visible Minorities | 2.46 | 0.05 | 2.37 | 2.56 | ||
Aboriginal | 5.42 | 0.11 | 5.21 | 5.64 | |||
White | 5.21 | 0.10 | 5.01 | 5.42 | |||
Good | Visible Minorities | 3.32 | 0.07 | 3.19 | 3.45 | ||
Aboriginal | 5.26 | 0.11 | 5.05 | 5.47 | |||
White | 5.06 | 0.10 | 4.86 | 5.26 | |||
Fair | Visible Minorities | 3.33 | 0.07 | 3.20 | 3.47 | ||
Aboriginal | 5.01 | 0.11 | 4.80 | 5.23 | |||
White | 4.87 | 0.10 | 4.68 | 5.06 | |||
Poor | Visible Minorities | 4.54 | 0.10 | 4.36 | 4.73 | ||
Aboriginal | 3.11 | 0.09 | 2.94 | 3.29 | |||
White | 4.86 | 0.10 | 4.67 | 5.06 |