Introduction
Subjects and methods
Participants
Preliminary testing
Study design
Diet and physical activity
Experimental protocol
Protein powder analysis
Plasma analysis
Muscle analysis
Calculations
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Participants’ characteristics
MILK | PEA | |
---|---|---|
Age (y) | 26 ± 4 | 23 ± 2 |
Height (m) | 1.76 ± 0.06 | 1.77 ± 0.07 |
Body mass (kg) | 71.5 ± 9.0 | 71.7 ± 9.1 |
BMI (kg∙m−2) | 23.0 ± 2.1 | 22.7 ± 1.9 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 119 ± 6 | 122 ± 12 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71 ± 9 | 69 ± 8 |
Resting heart rate (bpm) | 64 ± 10 | 63 ± 8 |
Lean mass (kg) | 53.2 ± 7.9 | 53.6 ± 6.8 |
Body fat (%) | 23.1 ± 3.2 | 22.2 ± 4.0 |
Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations
Plasma amino acid concentrations
Plasma free and muscle tissue L-[ring-13C6]-phenylalanine enrichments
Muscle protein synthesis rates
Discussion
MILK | PEA | |
---|---|---|
Alanine | 0.9 | 1.1 |
Arginine | 0.8 | 1.7 |
Aspartic acid | 1.8 | 2.5 |
Cystine | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Glutamic acid | 5.1 | 3.9 |
Glycine | 0.5 | 1.1 |
Histidine | 0.6 | 0.5 |
Isoleucine | 0.9 | 0.6 |
Leucine | 2.4 | 1.8 |
Lysine | 2.0 | 1.7 |
Methionine | 0.7 | 0.2 |
Phenylalanine | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Proline | 2.9 | 1.1 |
Serine | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Threonine | 0.9 | 0.8 |
Tyrosine | 0.6 | 0.4 |
Valine | 1.1 | 0.8 |
TAA | 23.8 | 20.9 |
EAA | 9.8 | 7.7 |
BCAA | 4.4 | 3.2 |
Nitrogen content (%) | 13.4 | 13.6 |
Protein content (%) | 85.51 | 84.72 |