Background
Methods
Search strategy
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Quality appraisal
Definition of CKD
Data extraction
Result
Search result
Quality of studies and risk of bias
Description of studies: design, setting and population
India
Author [ref.], year | Setting | Study population, study design, sampling strategy | Number of participants, response, age limit and mean age (±S.D.), gender |
---|---|---|---|
Anand et al. [17], 2015 | Urban | Participants from Delhi and Chennai who took part in Center for Cardio metabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia surveillance, cross sectional, random | 12,271, 80%, > 20 years, mean age ± S.D.: 41.4 ± 12.7 years (Chennai), 44.4 ± 13.9 years (Delhi), 43.5% male |
Anupama et al. [18], 2014 | Rural | Participants from rural Karnataka who took part in a screening survey, cross sectional study, random | 2728, 76.6%, ≥18 years, mean age ± S.D.: 39.88 ± 15.87 years, 45.6% male |
Mahapatra et al. [19], 2016 | Urban | Indian central government Employees in Delhi, cross sectional study, non-random | 1104, Not mentioned, > 18 years, Not Mentioned, 61.4% male |
Singh et al. [20], 2009 | Urban, Semi Urban, Rural | Participants from Delhi and adjoining region, cross sectional, random | 5563, 94.4%, ≥ 20 years, Not Mentioned, 60% male |
Singh et al. [21], 2013 | Urban | Participants attending thirteen academic and private medical centers in India participated in the study under the name of Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney disease – SEEK, cross sectional study, non-random | 6120, 92.3%, ≥18 years, mean age ± S.D.: 45.22 ± 15.2 years, 55.1% male |
Trivedi et al. [22], 2016 | Semi Urban | Participants attending a health screening camp in six towns of India, cross sectional study, non-random | 2350, Not Mentioned, mean age ± S.D.: 48.16 ± 14 years, 61.2% male |
Varma et al. [23], 2010 | Urban | Indian central government employees in Agra town, cross sectional study, Not Mentioned | 3398, 83.9% ≥18 years, mean age ± S.D.: 35.64 ± 8.72 years, 66% male |
Varma et al. [24], 2011 | Urban | Indian Army personnel in Agra town who were part of ‘Comprehensive Health Survey for Detection of Life Style Diseases at the local Military Hospital., cross sectional study, Not Mentioned | 1920, 81.9%, > 20 years, mean age ± S.D.: 34.72 ± 7.57 years, gender distribution Not Mentioned |
Bangladesh
Author [ref.], year | Setting | Study population, study design, sampling strategy | Number of participants, response, age limit and mean age (±S.D.), gender |
---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh: | |||
Anand et al. [25], 2014 | Urban | Participants from urban Dhaka, cross sectional study, random | 402, 88.8%, > 30 years, mean age ± S.D.: 49.5 ± 12. 7 years, 51% male |
Fatema et al. [26], 2013 | Urban | Participants attending a health screening camp in urban Dhaka, cross sectional study, non-random | 650, 97.5%, 18–70 years, mean age ± S.D.: 37 ± 11 years, 88.3% male |
Huda et al. [27], 2012 | Urban | Participants from urban slum of Dhaka, cross sectional study, random | 1000, not mentioned, 15–65 years, mean age ± S.D.: 34.39 ± 12.70 years, 33% male |
Nepal: | |||
Sharma et al. [32], 2013 | Urban | Participants from community-based screening for Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension and Diabetes in urban Dharan, cross sectional study, non-random | 1000, not mentioned, ≥20 years, not mentioned, 48% male |
Pakistan: | |||
Alam et al. [28], 2014 | Urban | Participants from urban Karachi, cross sectional study, random | 461, 76%, ≥15 years, not mentioned, 36% male |
Imran et al. [29], 2015 | Urban | Volunteers who willingly gave their sample in a health camp in urban Karachi, cross sectional study, non-random | 301, 97.3%, 30–80 years, not mentioned, 62% male |
Jafar et al. [30], 2005 | Urban | Participants from urban Karachi, cross sectional study, random | 332, 88.9%, > 40 years, mean age ± S.D.: 51.4 ± 9.9 years, 54.2% male |
Jessani et al. [31], 2014 | Urban | Participants from urban Karachi, cross sectional study, random | 3143, 91.4%, ≥ 40 years, not mentioned, 47.8% male |
Pakistan
Nepal
Prevalence of CKD
India
Author [ref.], year | Assessment of Kidney Function | Prevalence of CKD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anand et al. [17], 2015 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (CKD-EPI) | Overall: 7.5% (crude), 8.7% after age standardization | Age and Gender specific prevalence: | ||
Chennai: | |||||
Male: 6.6% Female: 6.5% (crude) | |||||
Male: 7.5% Female: 7.7% (age standardized) | |||||
Age in years | Male | Female | |||
20–44 | 3.5% | 4.6% | |||
45–64 | 10.7% | 10.5% | |||
≥65 | 21.6% | 16.7% | |||
Delhi: | |||||
Male: 8.1% Female: 9.4% (crude) | |||||
Male: 9.0% Female: 10.8% (age standardized) | |||||
Age in years | Male | Female | |||
20–44 | 5.1% | 6.6% | |||
45–64 | 9.5% | 12.0% | |||
≥65 | 29.4% | 28.9% | |||
Anupama et al. [18], 2014 | Spot quantitative urine protein, creatinine clearance and eGFR (CG/BSA & MDRD) | Overall: 6.3% (MDRD), 16.69% (CG/BSA) | Age specific prevalence: | ||
Age in Years | Prevalence | ||||
18–19 | 0.8% | ||||
20–29 | 2.4% | ||||
30–39 | 3.8% | ||||
40–49 | 6.4% | ||||
50–59 | 7.5% | ||||
60–69 | 16.7% | ||||
≥70 | 21% | ||||
Gender specific prevalence: | |||||
Male: 8.1% Female: 4.8% (MDRD) | |||||
Mahapatra et al. [19], 2016 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (MDRD) | Overall: 27.7% | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | ||
Gender specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | |||||
Singh et al. [20], 2009 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (MDRD, CG/BSA) | Overall: 13.3% (CG/BSA), 4.2% (MDRD) | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | ||
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 11.1% Female: 16.6% (CG/BSA) | |||||
Male: 2.7% Female: 6.3% (MDRD) | |||||
Singh et al. [21], 2013 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (MDRD) | Overall: 17.2% (MDRD), 16.4% (CKD-EPI) | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | ||
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 19% Female: 14.9% (MDRD) | |||||
Trivedi et al. [22], 2016 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (MDRD) | Overall: 20.93% | Age specific prevalence: | ||
Age in Years | Prevalence | ||||
18–30 | 18.53% | ||||
31–40 | 13.74% | ||||
41–50 | 20.52% | ||||
51–60 | 20.93% | ||||
61–70 | 26.77% | ||||
> 70 | 36.36% | ||||
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 21% Female: 20.8% | |||||
Age in Years | Prevalence | ||||
Male | Female | ||||
18–30 | 18.5% | 18.58% | |||
31–40 | 11.63% | 16% | |||
41–50 | 20.06% | 21.13% | |||
51–60 | 22.83% | 17.62% | |||
61–70 | 25.33% | 30% | |||
> 70% | 31.48 | 58.33% | |||
Varma et al. [23], 2010 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (CKD-EPI & MDRD) | Overall: 15% (MDRD), 13.1% (CKD-EPI) | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | ||
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 12.62% Female: 14.13% (CKD-EPI) | |||||
Male: 13.04% Female: 19.13% (MDRD) | |||||
Varma et al. [24], 2011 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (CKD-EPI & MDRD) | Overall: 9.54% | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | ||
Gender specific prevalence: Not Mentioned |
Bangladesh
Author [ref.], year | Study quality | Prevalence of CKD | Study site | Required age of study participants | Mean age (± S.D.) of study participants |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
India: | |||||
Anand et al. [17], 2015 | High | 8.7% | Urban | > 20 years | 41.4 ± 12.7 years (Chennai), 44.4 ± 13.9 years (Delhi) |
Anupama et al. [18], 2014 | High | 6.3% (MDRD), 16.69% (CG/BSA) | Rural | ≥ 18 years | 39.88 ± 15.87 years |
Mahapatra et al. [19], 2016 | Moderate | 27.7% | Urban | > 18 years | Not Mentioned |
Singh et al. [20], 2009 | High | 4.2% (MDRD), 13.3% (CG/BSA) | Urban, Semi Urban, Rural | ≥ 20 years | Not Mentioned |
Singh et al. [21], 2013 | High | 17.2% (MDRD), 16.4% (CKD-EPI) | Urban | ≥ 18 years | 45.22 ± 15.2 years |
Trivedi et al. [22], 2016 | Moderate | 20.93% | Semi Urban | Not Mentioned | 48.16 ± 14 years |
Varma et al. [23], 2010 | Moderate | 15% (MDRD), 13.1% (CKD-EPI) | Urban | ≥ 18 years | 35.64 ± 8.72 years |
Varma et al. [24], 2011 | Moderate | 9.54% | Urban | > 20 years | 34.72 ± 7.57 years |
Bangladesh: | |||||
Anand et al. [25], 2014 | High | 26% | Urban | > 30 years | 49.5 ± 12. 7 years |
Fatema et al. [26], 2013 | High | 12.8% | Urban | 18–70 years | 37 ± 11 years |
Huda et al. [27], 2012 | Moderate | 13.1% (MDRD), 16% (CG/BSA) | Urban | 15–65 years | 34.39 ± 12.70 years |
Nepal: | |||||
Sharma et al. [32], 2013 | Moderate | 10.6% | Urban | ≥ 20 years | Not Mentioned |
Pakistan: | |||||
Alam et al. [28], 2014 | High | 16.6% | Urban | ≥ 15 years | Not Mentioned |
Imran et al. [29], 2015 | Moderate | 25.6% | Urban | 30–80 years | Not Mentioned |
Jafar et al. [30], 2005 | High | 29.9% | Urban | > 40 years | 51.4 ± 9.9 years |
Jessani et al. [31], 2014 | High | 12.5% | Urban | ≥ 40 years | Not Mentioned |
Pakistan
Nepal
Author [ref.], year | Assessment of Kidney Function | Prevalence of CKD | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh: | ||||
Anand et al. [25], 2014 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (CKD-EPI) | Overall: 26% | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | |
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 24.7% Female: 28% | ||||
Fatema et al. [26], 2013 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (MDRD) | Overall: 12.8% | Age specific prevalence: | |
Not Mentioned | ||||
Gender specific prevalence: | ||||
Not Mentioned | ||||
Huda et al. [27], 2012 | Spot quantitative urine protein, creatinine clearance and eGFR (CG/BSA & MDRD) | Overall: 13.1% (MDRD), 16% (CG/BSA) | Age specific prevalence (MDRD): | |
25–40 Years: 10.7% | ||||
> 40 Years: 16% | ||||
Gender specific prevalence (MDRD): Male: 14.7% Female: 12.3% | ||||
Nepal: | ||||
Sharma et al. [32], 2013 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (MDRD) | Overall: 10.6% | Age specific prevalence: | |
Age in years | Prevalence | |||
20–39 | 3.4% | |||
40–59 | 11.4% | |||
≥ 60 | 30.5% | |||
Gender specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | ||||
Pakistan: | ||||
Alam et al. [28], 2014 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (MDRD) | Overall: 16.6% | Age specific prevalence: | |
Age in Years | Prevalence | |||
< 30 | 10.5% | |||
30–50 | 12.7% | |||
> 50 | 43.6% | |||
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 20.6% Female: 14.2% | ||||
Imran et al. [29], 2015 | eGFR (CKD-EPI) | Overall: 25.6% | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | |
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 26.3% Female: 22.4% | ||||
Jafar et al. [30], 2005 | Creatinine clearance and eGFR (MDRD) | Overall: 29.9% | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | |
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 26.7% Female: 32.5% | ||||
Jessani et al. [31], 2014 | Spot quantitative urine protein and eGFR (CKD-EPI Pakistan equation) | Overall: 12.5% | Age specific prevalence: Not Mentioned | |
Gender specific prevalence: Male: 11.6% Female: 13.3% |