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Erschienen in: Der Ophthalmologe 4/2006

01.04.2006 | Leitthema

Riesenzellarteriitis (Arteriitis temporalis, Arteriitis cranialis)

Pathophysiologie, Immunologie

verfasst von: Dr. A. D. Wagner

Erschienen in: Die Ophthalmologie | Ausgabe 4/2006

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Zusammenfassung

Die Diagnose der Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) wird in der Regel durch die Beurteilung einer Biopsie der A. temporalis gestellt. Die RZA ist eine Panarteriitis mit mononukleären Infiltraten, die alle Gefäßwandschichten durchdringen. Typisch sind granulomatöse Läsionen mit aktivierten T-Zellen und Makrophagen. Vorhandene Riesenzellen befinden sich häufig in der Nähe der fragmentierten Lamina elastica interna. Oft sieht man eine hyperplastische Intima, welche zu einem konzentrischen Verschluss des Lumens führt. Entscheidend für den Krankheitsprozess sind die CD4+-T-Zellen. Eine T-Zell-Aktivierung in der Wand der Arterie bedarf spezieller antigenpräsentierender Zellen, der dendritischen Zellen. Die Aktivierung der Monozyten und Makrophagen ist verantwortlich für das systemisch-entzündliche Syndrom der RZA und der Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Die Strukturen der Gefäßwand selbst bieten die spezifische Grundlage für den Immunprozess der RZA und das Zusammenspiel der am Entzündungsprozess beteiligten Zellen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Riesenzellarteriitis (Arteriitis temporalis, Arteriitis cranialis)
Pathophysiologie, Immunologie
verfasst von
Dr. A. D. Wagner
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Die Ophthalmologie / Ausgabe 4/2006
Print ISSN: 2731-720X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7218
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00347-006-1327-6

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