Background
Methods
Imaging
Biomathematical models and patient-specific tumor kinetics
Patient population
Volumetric and Clinical Data (Main cohort) N = 494 | PI and PIHNA (Sub cohort) N = 364 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | |
All Patients | 299 (60.5%) | 195 (39.5%) | 223 (61.2%) | 141 (38.7%) |
Extreme (OS > 1825 days) | 30 (63.8%) | 17 (36.2%) | 26 (70.3%) | 11 (29.7%) |
Short term (OS < 210 days) | 46 (52.3%) | 42 (47.7%) | 32 (50%) | 32 (50%) |
Statistical analysis
Variable used for Investigation | Definition | Male | Female | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Median | Range | Mean | Median | Range | ||
Age (years) | Age of patient on date of diagnosis | 57.58 | 58 | 12–95 | 58.41 | 60.5 | 9–96 |
T1Gd Radius (mm) | Combined volume of the central non-enhancing necrotic region and surrounding enhanced region of tumor in a pre-tx T1Gd MR image (converted to a spherically- equivalent radius) | 19.52 | 20.10 | 3.04–33.61 | 19.27 | 18.99 | 4.61–35.08 |
Necrosis Radius (mm) | Volume of non-enhancing central necrotic region in a pre-tx T1Gd MR image (converted to a spherically- equivalent radius) | 11.39 | 11.69 | 0.00–26.54 | 11.37 | 11.33 | 0.00–27.06 |
Contrast- enhancing (CE) thickness (mm) | Average linear thickness of the contrast-enhancing region in a pre-tx T1Gd MR image (calculated as the difference between the T1Gd radius and the necrosis radius) | 8.16 | 7.85 | 2.55–18.94 | 7.89 | 7.59 | 0.32–23.26 |
T2 /FLAIR radius (mm) | Volume of the pre-tx T2 or T2-FLAIR MR image (converted to a spherically- equivalent radius) | 27.11 | 28.31 | 9.94–39.55 | 26.98 | 27.86 | 9.99–42.81 |
PIHNA D (mm2/year) | Net tumor cell diffuse invasion rate | 32.34 | 28.99 | 1.45–145.3 | 36.25 | 23.03 | 0.37–289.9 |
PIHNA ϱ (year −1) | Net tumor cell proliferation rate | 65.88 | 18.25 | 1.83–1825 | 82.40 | 18.25 | 1.83–1825 |
PI D/ϱ (mm2) | Relative tumor invasiveness | 2.19 | 1.65 | 0.0034–10.26 | 2.12 | 1.28 | 0.0034–10.70 |
Decision trees
Study approval
Results
Variables associated with extreme and short-term survival
Variables associated with overall survival
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Covariate | HR | 95% CI | p-value | HR | 95% CI | p-value |
Males | ||||||
Age | 1.027 | 1.018–1.037 | < 0.001 | 1.030 | 1.017–1.044 | < 0.001 |
Necrosis radius | 1.018 | 0.996–1.040 | 0.118 | N/A | ||
T1Gd radius | 1.024 | 1.003–1.046 | 0.025 | 1.027 | 1.001–1.054 | 0.044 |
CE Thickness | 1.028 | 0.989–1.068 | 0.161 | N/A | ||
T2/FLAIR radius | 0.996 | 0.972–1.020 | 0.744 | N/A | ||
PIHNA D | 1.003 | 0.997–1.010 | 0.266 | N/A | ||
PIHNA ϱ | 1.001 | 1.000–1.001 | 0.064 | 1.000 | 0.999–1.001 | 0.637 |
PI D/ϱ | 0.932 | 0.872–0.996 | 0.038 | 0.951 | 0.880–1.029 | 0.210 |
Females | ||||||
Age | 1.028 | 1.015–1.041 | < 0.001 | 1.021 | 1.006–1.037 | 0.006 |
Necrosis radius | 1.017 | 0.991–1.042 | 0.204 | N/A | ||
T1Gd radius | 1.026 | 1.000–1.052 | 0.048 | 0.993 | 0.964–1.023 | 0.641 |
CE Thickness | 1.037 | 0.988–1.088 | 0.143 | N/A | ||
T2/FLAIR radius | 1.017 | 0.989–1.045 | 0.232 | N/A | ||
PIHNA D | 1.011 | 1.006–1.016 | < 0.001 | 1.011 | 1.005–1.017 | < 0.001 |
PIHNA ϱ | 1.001 | 1.000–1.002 | 0.052 | 1.000 | 0.999–1.002 | 0.801 |
PI D/ϱ | 0.996 | 0.937–1.059 | 0.906 | N/A |