Background
Methods
Participants
Survey
Data analysis
Results
Demographics
Women (n = 541) | Men (n = 105) | Total (N = 646) | |
---|---|---|---|
Mean Age (years) | 21.18 (SDa: 2.14) | 21.28 (SD: 2.06) | 21.2 (SD: 2.12) |
Sexual Orientation | |||
Heterosexual | 438 (81.0%) | 80 (76.2%) | 518 (80.2%) |
Other (bisexual, homosexual, pansexual, asexual or other) | 103 (19.0%) | 25 (23.8%) | 128 (19.8%) |
Ethno-Cultural Identity Respondents could choose more than one answer | |||
Caucasian/white | 477 (88.2%) | 87 (82.9%) | 564 (87.3%) |
Chinese | 24 (4.4%) | 5 (4.8%) | 29 (4.5%) |
Indigenous/Aboriginal/Native | 19 (3.5%) | 2 (1.9%) | 21 (3.3%) |
South Asian | 11 (2.0%) | 7 (6.7%) | 18 (2.8%) |
Arab | 13 (2.4%) | 4 (3.8%) | 17 (2.6%) |
Southeast Asian | 15 (2.8%) | 1 (1.0%) | 16 (2.5%) |
Black | 8 (1.5%) | 6 (5.7%) | 14 (2.2%) |
Latin American | 10 (1.8%) | 3 (2.9%) | 13 (2.0%) |
Filipino | 7 (1.3%) | 2 (1.9%) | 9 (1.4%) |
West Asian | 3 (0.6%) | 1 (1.0%) | 4 (0.6%) |
Japanese | 4 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.6%) |
Other | 9 (1.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 10 (1.5%) |
Province of Residence | |||
Ontario | 238 (44.0%) | 42 (40.0%) | 280 (43.3%) |
Quebec | 221 (40.9%) | 47 (44.8%) | 268 (41.5%) |
British Columbia | 44 (8.1%) | 10 (9.5%) | 54 (8.4%) |
Other (Alberta, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Saskatchewan) | 38 (7.0%) | 6 (5.7%) | 44 (6.8%) |
Highest Level of Education Completed | |||
Secondary School Diploma | 205 (37.9%) | 36 (34.3%) | 241 (37.3%) |
College Diploma (including DECb) | 110 (20.3%) | 30 (28.6%) | 140 (21.7%) |
University Degree (Undergraduate, Masters, PhD or medical degree) | 218 (40.3%) | 39 (37.1%) | 257 (39.8%) |
Other | 8 (1.5%) | 0 (0%) | 8 (1.2%) |
Occupation | |||
Student | 459 (84.8) | 87 (82.9%) | 546 (84.5%) |
Full or part-time work | 75 (13.9%) | 17 (16.2%) | 92 (14.2%) |
Other/Unemployed | 7 (1.3%) | 1 (1.0%) | 8 (1.2%) |
Sexual history
Women (n = 541) | Men (n = 105) | Total (N = 646) | |
---|---|---|---|
Sexual debut | |||
14 years old or less | 56 (10.4%) | 8 (7.6%) | 64 (9.9%) |
15-16 years old | 171 (31.6%) | 33 (31.4%) | 204 (31.6%) |
17-19 years old | 264 (48.8%) | 46 (43.8%) | 310 (48.0%) |
20 years old or older | 50 (9.2%) | 18 (17.1%) | 68 (10.5%) |
Method(s) contraception in past yeara Respondents could choose more than one answer | |||
Condom | 405 (74.9%) | 89 (84.8%) | 494 (76.4%) |
Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) | 350 (64.7%) | 44 (41.9%) | 394 (61%) |
IUDb | 64 (11.8%) | 14 (13.3%) | 78 (12.1%) |
Hormonal methods other than OCP | 28 (5.2%) | 5 (4.8%) | 33 (5.1%) |
None | 83 (15.4%) | 20 (19.0%) | 103 (15.9%) |
Abstinence | 60 (11.1%) | 11 (10.5%) | 71 (11.0%) |
Number of sexual partners in lifetime | |||
1 | 141 (26.1%) | 21 (20.0%) | 162 (25.1%) |
2-5 | 210 (38.8%) | 45 (42.9%) | 255 (39.5%) |
6-10 | 106 (19.6%) | 17 (16.2%) | 123 (19.0%) |
11 or more | 84 (15.5%) | 22 (21%) | 106 (16.4%) |
Number of sexual partners in past 12 monthsc | |||
0 | 19 (3.5%) | 4 (3.8%) | 23 (3.6%) |
1 | 312 (57.7%) | 56 (53.3%) | 368 (57.0%) |
2-5 | 172 (31.8%) | 33 (31.4%) | 205 (31.7%) |
6-10 | 26 (4.8%) | 7 (6.7%) | 33 (5.1%) |
11 or more | 12 (2.2%) | 5 (4.8%) | 17 (2.6%) |
Number one-night stands in lifetime | |||
0 | 253 (46.8%) | 39 (37.1%) | 292 (45.2%) |
1-2 | 168 (31.1%) | 31 (29.5%) | 199 (30.8%) |
3-5 | 64 (11.8%) | 14 (13.3%) | 78 (12.1%) |
6 or more | 56 (10.4%) | 21 (20%) | 77 (11.9%) |
Multiple sexual partners in past 12 monthsd | 88 (16.3%) | 24 (22.9%) | 112 (17.3%) |
Ever diagnosed with STBBIe | 44 (8.1%) | 6 (5.7%) | 50 (7.7%) |
Use dating websites or apps | 241 (44.5%) | 62 (59.0%) | 303 (46.9%) |
Had sexual encounters under the influence of alcohol most of the time/every time in past 2 years | 44 (8.1%) | 7 (6.7%) | 51 (7.9%) |
Sexually assaulted prior to 2016 | 155 (28.7%) | 6 (5.7%) | 161 (24.9%) |
Ever pregnant | 30 (5.5%) | ||
Ever had abortion | 18 (3.3%) |
STBBI precautionary measures
Women (n = 541) | Men (n = 105) | Total (N = 646) | |
---|---|---|---|
Precautionary measure(s) taken against STBBI at-home Respondents could choose more than one answer | |||
Use condom for penetrative sex | 409 (75.6%) | 80 (76.2%) | 489 (75.7%) |
Use condom and/or dental dam for oral sex | 2 (0.37%) | 0 | 2 (0.31%) |
Ask for partner(s)'s history of STBBI | 327 (60.5%) | 61 (58.1%) | 388 (60.1%) |
Ask for partner(s) to be screened | 153 (28.3%) | 19 (18.1%) | 172 (26.6%) |
None | 42 (7.8%) | 14 (13.3%) | 56 (8.7%) |
Screening Frequencya Respondents could choose more than one answer | |||
Never | 185 (34.2%) | 55 (52.4%) | 240 (37.2%) |
At least one per year | 224 (41.4%) | 35 (33.3%) | 259 (40.1%) |
When beginning new relationship/new partner | 149 (27.5%) | 12 (11.4%) | 161 (24.9%) |
After unprotected sex | 62 (11.5%) | 4 (3.8%) | 66 (10.2%) |
Used condoms during sexual contact every time in past 2 years | 106 (19.5%) | 30 (28.6%) | 137 (21.2%) |
Used condoms (or dental dam) during oral sex every time in past 2 years | 11 (2.0%) | 6 (5.7%) | 17 (2.6%) |
Travel characteristics
Women (n = 541) | Men (n = 105) | Total (N = 646) | |
---|---|---|---|
Trip Arrangementsa- Respondents could choose more than one answer | |||
Arranged by an association/organization | 89 (16.5%) | 19 (18.1%) | 108 (16.7%) |
Among Participants Whose Trip Was Organized by an Association/Organization | |||
Information received about health and safety from the association/organization | 43 (48.3%) | 5 (26.3%) | 48 (44.4%) |
Information received about sexual health from the association/organization | 12 (13.5%) | 2 (10.5%) | 14 (13.0%) |
Sexual risk behaviors at-home and abroad
Women | Men | All | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trip Abstinent (n = 319) | Trip Sexually Active (n = 222) | All (n = 541) | Trip Abstinent (n = 56) | Trip Sexually Active (n = 49) | All (n = 105) | Trip Abstinent (n = 375) | Trip Sexually Active (n = 271) | Total (N = 646) | |
Relationship Status During Tripa | |||||||||
Single | 137 (42.9%) | 65 (29.3%) | 202 (37.3%) | 32 (57.1%) | 26 (53.1%) | 58 (55.2%) | 169 (54.1%) | 91 (33.6%) | 260 (40.2%) |
In a Romantic Relationship | 162 (50.8%) | 142 (64.0%) | 304 (56.2%) | 22 (39.3%) | 15 (30.6%) | 37 (35.2%) | 184 (49.1%) | 157 (57.9%) | 341 (52.8%) |
In a Sexual Partnership | 16 (5.0%) | 9 (4.1%) | 25 (4.6%) | 1 (1.8%) | 5 (10.2%) | 6 (5.7%) | 17 (4.5%) | 14 (5.2%) | 31 (4.8%) |
Married | 2 (0.6%) | 4 (1.8%) | 6 (1.1%) | 1 (1.8%) | 3 (6.1%) | 4 (3.8%) | 3 (0.8%) | 7 (2.6%) | 10 (1.5%) |
Protective, Proactive Behaviors | |||||||||
Planned to have sex abroad | 8 (2.5%) | 153 (68.9%) | 161 (29.8%) | 5 (8.9%) | 33 (67.3%) | 38 (36.2%) | 13 (3.5%) | 186 (68.6%) | 199 (30.8%) |
Brought condoms on trip | 27 (8.5%) | 87 (39.2%) | 114 (21.1%) | 13 (23.2%) | 29 (59.2%) | 42 (40.0%) | 40 (10.7%) | 116 (42.8%) | 156 (21.4%) |
Identity of Sexual Partner(s) During Tripb (Respondent could choose more than one option) | |||||||||
Usual sexual and/or romantic partner | _ | 143 (64.4%) | _ | _ | 18 (36.7%) | _ | _ | 161 (59.4%) | _ |
New partnerc | 79 (35.6%) | 31 (63.3%) | 110 (40.6%) |
Women | Men | All | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trip Abstinenta (n = 319) | Trip Sexually Active (n = 222) | All Women (n = 541) | Trip Abstinent (n = 56) | Trip Sexually Active (n = 49) | All Men (n = 105) | Trip Abstinent (n = 375) | Trip Sexually Active (n = 271) | Total (N = 646) | ||||||||||
Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | Home | Abroad | |
Sexual Behaviorsb (Respondents could choose more than one option) | ||||||||||||||||||
Masturbation | 236 (74.0%) | 81 (25.4%) | 172 (77.5%) | 69 (31.1%) | 408 (75.4%) | 150 (27.7%)** | 53 (94.6%) | 28 (50.0%) | 46 (93.9%) | 27 (55.1%) | 99 (94.3%) | 55 (52.4%)** | 289 (77.1%) | 109 (29.1%) | 218 (80.4%) | 96 (35.4%) | 507 (78.5%) | 205 (31.7%)** |
Mutual Masturbation- (partnered) | 239 (74.9%) | 0 (0%) | 188 (84.7%) | 130 (58.6%) | 427 (78.9%) | 130 (24.0%)** | 41 (73.2%) | 0 (0%) | 38 (77.6%) | 25 (51.0%) | 79 (75.2%) | 25 (23.8%)** | 280 (74.7%) | 0 (0%) | 226 (83.4%) | 155 (57.2%) | 506 (78.3%) | 155 (24.0%)** |
Oral Sex | 294 (92.2%) | 1 (0.3%) | 209 (94.1%) | 163 (73.4%) | 503 (93.0%) | 164 (30.3%)** | 52 (92.9%) | 1 (1.8%) | 44 (89.8%) | 38 (77.6%) | 96 (91.4%) | 39 (37.1%)** | 346 (92.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 253 (93.4%) | 201 (74.2%) | 599 (92.7%) | 203 (31.4%)** |
Vaginal Sex | 302 (94.7%) | 1 (0.3%) | 211 (95.0%) | 196 (88.3%) | 513 (94.8%) | 197 (36.4%)** | 48 (85.7%) | 0 (0%) | 39 (79.6%) | 32 (65.3%) | 87 (82.9%) | 32 (30.5%)** | 350 (93.3%) | 1 (0.3%) | 250 (92.3%) | 228 (84.1%) | 600 (92.9%) | 229 (35.4%)** |
Anal Sex | 49 (15.4%) | 0 (0%) | 42 (18.9%) | 15 (6.8%) | 91 (16.8%) | 15 (2.8%)** | 12 (21.4%) | 0 (0%) | 22 (44.9%) | 10 (20.4%) | 34 (32.4%) | 10 (9.5%)** | 61 (16.3%) | 0 (0%) | 64 (23.6%) | 25 (9.2%) | 125 (19.3%) | 25 (3.9%)** |
Sex Toys | 100 (31.3%) | 2 (0.6%) | 90 (40.5%) | 13 (5.9%) | 190 (35.1%) | 15 (2.8%)** | 10 (17.9%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (22.4%) | 3 (6.1%) | 21 (20.0%) | 3 (2.9%)** | 110 (29.3%) | 2 (0.5%) | 101 (37.3%) | 16 (5.9%) | 211 (32.7%) | 18 (2.8%)** |
BDSMc | 31 (9.7%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (6.3%) | 5 (2.3%) | 45 (8.3%) | 5 (0.9%)** | 6 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (8.2%) | 1 (2.0%) | 10 (9.5%) | 1 (1.0%)* | 37 (9.9%) | 0 (0%) | 18 (6.6%) | 6 (2.2%) | 55 (8.5%) | 6 (0.9%)** |
N/Ad | 6 (1.9%) | 236 (74.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 9 (4.1%) | 8 (1.5%) | 245 (45.3%)** | 53 (94.6%) | 28 (50.0%) | 46 (93.9%) | 27 (55.1%) | 99 (94.3%) | 55 (52.4%)** | 6 (1.6%) | 263 (70.1%) | 2 (0.7%) | 10 (3.7%) | 8 (1.2%) | 273 (42.3%)** |
Alcohol Consumptione | ||||||||||||||||||
Everyday | 1 (0.3%) | 50 (15.7%) | 6 (2.7%) | 53 (23.9%) | 7 (1.3%) | 103 (19.0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (19.6%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (26.5%) | 0 (0%) | 24 (22.9%) | 1 (0.3%) | 61 (16.3%) | 6 (2.2%) | 66 (24.4%) | 7 (1.1%) | 127 (19.7%) |
4-5 Times a Week | 5 (1.6%) | 48 (15.0%) | 10 (4.5%) | 48 (21.6%) | 15 (2.8%) | 96 (17.7%) | 3 (4.5%) | 10 (17.9%) | 8 (16.3%) | 10 (20.4%) | 11 (10.5%) | 20 (19.0%) | 8 (2.1%) | 58 (15.5%) | 18 (6.6%) | 58 (21.4%) | 26 (4.0%) | 116 (18.0%) |
2-3 Times a Week | 59 (18.5%) | 62 (19.4%) | 55 (24.8%) | 24.3%) | 114 (21.1%) | 116 (21.4%) | 14 (25.0%) | 9 (16.1%) | 16 (32.7%) | 15 (30.6%) | 30 (28.6%) | 24 (22.9%) | 73 (19.5%) | 71 (18.9%) | 71 (26.2%) | 69 (25.5%) | 144 (22.3%) | 140 (21.7%) |
Once a Week | 110 (34.5%) | 41 (12.9%) | 76 (34.2%) | 29 (13.1%) | 186 (34.4%) | 70 (12.9%) | 16 (28.6%) | 5 (8.9%) | 15 (30.6%) | 2 (4.1%) | 31 (29.5%) | 7 (6.7%) | 126 (33.6%) | 46 (12.3%) | 91 (33.6%) | 31 (11.4%) | 217 (33.6%) | 77 (11.9%) |
Less than Once a Week | 131 (41.1%) | 37 (11.6%) | 73 (32.9%) | 21 (9.5%) | 204 (37.7%) | 58 (10.7%) | 19 (33.9%) | 3 (5.4%) | 9 (18.4%) | 5 (10.2%) | 28 (26.7%) | 8 (7.6%) | 150 (40.0%) | 40 (10.7%) | 82 (30.3%) | 26 (9.6%) | 232 (35.9%) | 66 (10.2%) |
Never | 13 (4.1%) | 81 (25.4%) | 2 (0.9%) | 17 (7.7%) | 15 (2.8%) | 98 (18.1%) | 4 (7.1%) | 18 (32.1%) | 1 (2.0%) | 4 (8.2%) | 5 (4.8%) | 22 (21.0%) | 17 (4.5%) | 99 (26.4%) | 3 (1.1%) | 21 (7.7%) | 20 (3.1%) | 120 (18.6%) |
Influence of partner-type on sexual behaviors abroad
Women [usual partner]a n = 143 | Women [new partner]a n = 79 | All Women n = 222 | Men [usual partner] n = 18 | Men [new partner] n = 31 | All Men n = 49 | All [usual partner] n = 161 | All [new partner] N = 110 | TOTAL N = 271 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Planned to have sex abroad | 118 (82.5%) | 35 (44.3%)** | 153 (68.9%) | 15 (83.3%) | 18 (58.1%) | 33 (67.3%) | 133 (82.6%) | 53 (48.2%)** | 186 (68.6%) |
Brought condoms on trip | 52 (36.4%) | 35 (44.3%) | 87 (39.2%) | 8 (44.4%) | 21 (67.7%) | 29 (59.2%) | 60 (37.3%) | 56 (50.9%)* | 116 (42.8%) |
Number of sexual partners during trip | |||||||||
1 | 139 (97.2%) | 44 (55.7%)** | 183 (82.4%) | 18 (100.0%) | 14 (45.2%)** | 32 (65.3%) | 157 (97.5%) | 58 (52.7%)** | 215 (79.3%) |
2-5 | 3 (2.1%)b | 32 (40.5%) | 35 (15.8%) | 0 (0%) | 13 (41.9%) | 13 (26.5%) | 3 (1.9%) | 45 (40.9%) | 48 (17.7%) |
6+ | 1 (0.7%)b | 3 (3.8%) | 4 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (12.9%) | 4 (8.2%) | 1 (0.6%) | 6 (5.5%) | 8 (3.3%) |
Sexual Behavior(s) Abroad (could choose more than one option)c | |||||||||
Masturbation | 35 (24.5%) | 34 (43.0%)* | 69 (31.1%) | 6 (33.3%)* | 21 (67.7%) | 27 (55.1%) | 41 (25.5%) | 55 (50.0%)** | 96 (35.4%) |
Mutual Masturbation | 89 (62.2%) | 41 (51.9%) | 130 (58.6%) | 11 (61.1%) | 14 (45.2%) | 25 (51.0%) | 100 (62.1%) | 55 (50.0%)* | 155 (57.2%) |
Oral Sex | 108 (75.5%) | 55 (69.6%) | 163 (73.4%) | 13 (72.2%) | 25 (80.6%) | 38 (77.6%) | 121 (75.2%) | 80 (72.7%) | 201 (74.2%) |
Vaginal Sex | 127 (88.8%) | 69 (87.3%) | 196 (88.3%) | 15 (83.3%) | 17 (54.8%) | 32 (65.3%) | 142 (88.2%) | 86 (78.2%)* | 228 (84.1%) |
Anal Sex | 4 (2.8%) | 11 (13.9%)* | 15 (6.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 9 (29.0%) | 10 (20.4%) | 5 (3.1%) | 20 (18.2%)** | 25 (9.2%) |
Use of Sex Toys | 10 (7.0%) | 3 (3.8%) | 13 (5.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (6.5%) | 3 (6.1%) | 11 (6.8%) | 5 (4.5%) | 16 (5.9%) |
BDSMd | 2 (1.4%) | 3 (3.8%) | 5 (2.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.0%) | 11 (6.8%) | 3 (2.7%) | 14 (5.2%) |
Used condoms during sexual contact every time | 33 (23.1%) | 28 (35.4%)* | 61 (27.5%) | 5 (27.8%) | 9 (29.0%) | 14 (28.6%) | 38 (23.6%) | 37 (33.6%)* | 75 (27.7%) |
Had sexual encounters under the influence of alcohol | 80 (55.9%) | 63 (79.7%)** | 143 (64.4%) | 9 (50%) | 24 (77.4%)* | 33 (67.3%) | 89 (55.3%) | 87 (79.1%)** | 176 (64.9%) |
Sexually assaultede | 2 (1.4%) | 8 (10.1%)* | 10 (4.5%) | 1 (5.6%) | 3 (9.7%) | 4 (8.2%) | 3 (1.9%) | 11 (10%)* | 14 (5.2%) |
Diagnosed with STBBIf upon return | 0 | 5 (6.3%) | 5 (2.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 3 (9.7%) | 4 (8.2%) | 1 (0.62%) | 8 (7.3%) | 9 (3.3%) |