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Erschienen in: Current Geriatrics Reports 1/2024

17.02.2024 | REVIEW

Unrepresented Older Adults: A Critical Review and Future Agenda in the Context of the Quintuple Aim

verfasst von: Rachel Brenner, Joseph Dixon, Timothy W. Farrell

Erschienen in: Current Geriatrics Reports | Ausgabe 1/2024

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Abstract

Purpose of Review

The purpose of this review is to provide a critical summary and analysis of the literature published over the past five years regarding unrepresented older adults, with emphasis on five essential themes: 1) terminology; 2) demographics and risk factors; 3) approaches to decision making; 4) adverse outcomes; and 5) preventive interventions.

Findings

The term “unrepresented” has become increasingly favored in the medical literature to describe incapacitated older adults who lack an advance directive and surrogate decision maker. Considerable gaps exist in the literature regarding demographics and risk factors, adverse outcomes, and preventive interventions. There are substantially different approaches to decision making for unrepresented older adults, which vary by state and institution.

Summary

Unrepresented older adults are among the most vulnerable and salient patients in any health care system. Frequently, these patients are hidden in plain sight until a crisis occurs. We evaluated the recent literature on unrepresented older adults, focusing on essential themes that emerged from our review. We frame our discussion in context of the Quintuple Aim for health care suggesting future research aimed at improving population health outcomes, improving patient experience, reducing health care costs, improving care team well-being, and advancing health equity.
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat • Brenner R, Cole L, Towsley GL, Farrell TW. Adults without advocates and the unrepresented: a narrative review of terminology and settings. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2023;9:23337214221142936. Published 2023 Jan 25. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214221142936. This recent review by two of this paper’s authors, among others, is important to our findings in its systemic evaluation of terminology and implications of those findings to other areas of study for unrepresented patients.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral • Brenner R, Cole L, Towsley GL, Farrell TW. Adults without advocates and the unrepresented: a narrative review of terminology and settings. Gerontol Geriatr Med. 2023;9:23337214221142936. Published 2023 Jan 25. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​2333721422114293​6. This recent review by two of this paper’s authors, among others, is important to our findings in its systemic evaluation of terminology and implications of those findings to other areas of study for unrepresented patients.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Opinions on caring for patients at the end of life. In: Code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association, Code of medical ethics opinion 10.7.1. Chicago: American Medical Association; 2017. American Medical Association Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs. Opinions on caring for patients at the end of life. In: Code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association, Code of medical ethics opinion 10.7.1. Chicago: American Medical Association; 2017.
9.
Zurück zum Zitat • Farrell TW, Catlin C, Chodos AH, Naik AD, Widera E, Moye J. Caring for unbefriended older adults and adult orphans: a clinician survey. Clin Gerontol. 2021;44(4):494–503. https://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2019.1640332. This article evaluated clinicians experiences with unrepresented adults in various clinical environments providing a real-world perspective of the impact of this issue through the eyes of clinicians. It informed our findings in multiple domains and identified important priority issues in the field moving forward.CrossRefPubMed • Farrell TW, Catlin C, Chodos AH, Naik AD, Widera E, Moye J. Caring for unbefriended older adults and adult orphans: a clinician survey. Clin Gerontol. 2021;44(4):494–503. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1080/​07317115.​2019.​1640332. This article evaluated clinicians experiences with unrepresented adults in various clinical environments providing a real-world perspective of the impact of this issue through the eyes of clinicians. It informed our findings in multiple domains and identified important priority issues in the field moving forward.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat •• Pope TM, Bennett J, Carson SS, et al. Making medical treatment decisions for unrepresented patients in the ICU. An official American Thoracic Society/American Geriatrics Society policy statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1182–92. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0512ST. This recent multi-society position statement provides a foundational transdisciplinary perspective and practical recommendations on the subject of decision making for patients in critical care settings.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral •• Pope TM, Bennett J, Carson SS, et al. Making medical treatment decisions for unrepresented patients in the ICU. An official American Thoracic Society/American Geriatrics Society policy statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1182–92. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1164/​rccm.​202003-0512ST. This recent multi-society position statement provides a foundational transdisciplinary perspective and practical recommendations on the subject of decision making for patients in critical care settings.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
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Zurück zum Zitat • Zietlow K, Dubin L, Battles A, Vitale C. Guardianship: A medicolegal review for clinicians. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(11):3070–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.17797. Guardianship is a very important part of addressing care for unrepresented patients, and this recent review would be an excellent and essential primer for those who are unfamiliar with this topic.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral • Zietlow K, Dubin L, Battles A, Vitale C. Guardianship: A medicolegal review for clinicians. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(11):3070–9. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​jgs.​17797. Guardianship is a very important part of addressing care for unrepresented patients, and this recent review would be an excellent and essential primer for those who are unfamiliar with this topic.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Unrepresented Older Adults: A Critical Review and Future Agenda in the Context of the Quintuple Aim
verfasst von
Rachel Brenner
Joseph Dixon
Timothy W. Farrell
Publikationsdatum
17.02.2024
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Geriatrics Reports / Ausgabe 1/2024
Elektronische ISSN: 2196-7865
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13670-024-00406-x

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