Background
Ageing societies and the health situation
Theories on how to promote a sustainable working life for all ages
Aim
Methods
Study population and questionnaires
The survey of National Work-Related Health Disorders
The National Work Environment survey
Statistical analysis
Ethical consideration
Results
Statements in the work environment survey associated with if people 55–64 years of age could work until 65 years in their current occupation
The shape and performance of the work tasks in association with an extended working life
Theme | Statement | Groups | Univariate estimate | Included in the final multivariate model of the theme | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% Cl | OR | 95% Cl | |||
Physical work environment | Bodily exhaustion after work | Total | 4.7* | 3.4–6.6 | 4.3** | 2.7–6.8 |
Men | 4.2* | 2.4–7.3 | 3.0** | 1.4–6.5 | ||
Women | 4.8* | 3.2–7.3 | 5.0** | 2.8–8.9 | ||
Strenuous working poses | Total | 3.3* | 2.3–4.8 | 2,0** | 1.4–3.0 | |
Men | 3.2* | 1.7–6.1 | 2.1* | 1.1–4.3 | ||
Women | 3.2* | 2.0–5.0 | 1.9* | 1.2–3.0 | ||
Feel that the work is physically demanding and strenuous | Total | 2.8* | 2.0–3.9 | |||
Men | 2.8* | 1.6–4.8 | ||||
Women | 2.8* | 1.9–4.1 | ||||
Strenuous unilateral working movements | Total | 2.6* | 1.8–3.8 | |||
Men | 3.7* | 1.9–7.1 | ||||
Women | 2.3* | 1.5–3.6 | ||||
Turns in the same way many times an hour | Total | 2.4* | 1.8–3.2 | |||
Men | 2.8* | 1.7–4.6 | ||||
Women | 2.2* | 1.5–3.1 | ||||
Work with hands raised in level with the shoulders or higher | Total | 2.3* | 1.6–3.3 | |||
Men | 2.1* | 1.1–4.0 | ||||
Women | 2.5* | 1.6–4.0 | ||||
Lifting at least 15 kg several times a day | Total | 2.2* | 1.6–2.9 | |||
Men | 2.0* | 1.2–3.3 | ||||
Women | 2.8* | 2.0–4.0 | ||||
Mental work environment | Frequent feeling of own work effort being insufficient at the end of the day | Total | 4.3* | 3.2–5.8 | 3.8** | 2.6–5.5 |
Men | 4.2* | 2.5–7.1 | 3.7** | 1.9–7.1 | ||
Women | 4.1* | 2.9–5.8 | 3.6** | 2.2–5.8 | ||
Experience the work as restricted and with lack of freedom | Total | 3.5* | 2.4–4.9 | 2.6** | 1.8–3.8 | |
Men | 4.3* | 2.4–7.9 | 3.5** | 1.8–6.6 | ||
Women | 2.8* | 1.8–4.4 | 2.1** | 1.3–3.6 | ||
Working alone and at risk of unsafe or threatening situations | Total | 2.4* | 1.8–3.2 | 1.8** | 1.2–2.7 | |
Men | 1.8 | 1.1–3.1 | 1.5 | 0.8–2.9 | ||
Women | 2.8* | 2.0–4.1 | 2.1** | 1.3–3.5 | ||
Feel that there is far too much to do at work | Total | 1.5 | 0.7–3.2 | |||
Men | 0.8 | 0.3–2.5 | ||||
Women | 2.1 | 0.7–5.9 | ||||
No ability to decide the arrangement of own work | Total | 1.3 | 1.0–1.8 | |||
Men | 1.9* | 1.1–3.2 | ||||
Women | 1.0 | 0.8–1.5 | ||||
Work pace and working time | Dissatisfied with working time | Total | 3.5* | 2.4–5.2 | 2.9** | 2.0–4.4 |
Men | 2.5* | 1.2–4.9 | 1.9 | 0.9–4.0 | ||
Women | 4.2* | 2.7–6.8 | 3.7** | 2.3–6.1 | ||
Not enough rest and relaxation between working days (apart from sleeping time) | Total | 2.7* | 2.0–3.6 | 2.3** | 1.6–3.3 | |
Men | 3.0* | 1.8–5.1 | 3.6** | 1.9–6.9 | ||
Women | 2.3* | 1.6–3.3 | 1.7* | 1.0–2.6 | ||
Lack of opportunity to determine work rate | Total | 1.9* | 1.5–2.6 | |||
Men | 1.9* | 1.2–3.2 | ||||
Women | 1.7* | 1.2–2.4 | ||||
Management and social support in work | Lack of opportunity to partly decide the times at which different tasks are to be done | Total | 2.2* | 1.6–2.9 | 2.3** | 1.2–3.6 |
Men | 2.0* | 1.3–3.3 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.2 | ||
Women | 2.0 | 1.4–2.9 | 2.7** | 1.5–4.9 | ||
Lack of enough support and help from superiors and colleagues at work | Total | 2.1* | 1.2–3.5 | 2.0* | 1.2–3.4 | |
Men | 1.0 | 0.4–2.1 | 1.0 | 0.5–2.0 | ||
Women | 3.5* | 1.7–7.4 | 3.5** | 1.7–7.3 | ||
Lack of enough opportunities for influence at work | Total | 2.1* | 1.3–3.6 | |||
Men | 1.1 | 0.5–2.3 | ||||
Women | 3.0* | 1.5–6.2 | ||||
Motivation and work satisfaction | I am in generally dissatisfied with the work tasks | Total | 5.3** | 3.4–8.1 | 5.5** | 3.4–9.5 |
Men | 6.6* | 3.3–13.0 | 6.9** | 2.9–16.3 | ||
Women | 4.7* | 2.7–8.3 | 4.9** | 2.4–9.9 | ||
The work tasks are monotonous | Total | 2.8* | 1.9–3.9 | 1.6* | 1.1–2.6 | |
Men | 4.3* | 2.4–7.6 | 2.0 | 0.9–4.5 | ||
Women | 2.3* | 1.4–3.6 | 1.5 | 0.8–2.8 | ||
Much of the work I do is meaningless | Total | 2.3* | 1.5–3.7 | |||
Men | 2.6* | 1.3–5.4 | ||||
Women | 2.5* | 1.3–4.6 | ||||
Competence and possibility for skills development | The work tasks are too simple for my competence | Total | 1.9* | 1.1–3.2 | 1.9* | 1.1–3.2 |
Men | 1.2 | 0.5–2.7 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.7 | ||
Women | 2.7* | 1.3–5.3 | 2.7* | 1.3–5.3 | ||
The work gives no opportunity to learn something new and to develop professionally | Total | 1.8* | 1.3–2.5 | |||
Men | 1.6 | 0.9–2.7 | ||||
Women | 2.0* | 1.3–2.9 |
Theme | Statement | Groups | The final total multivariate model | |
---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% Cl | |||
Physical work environment | Bodily exhaustion after work | Total | 37**. | 6.2–2.3 |
Men | 27**. | 5.7–1.3 | ||
Women | 47**. | 9.5–2.4 | ||
Mental work environment | Frequent feeling of own work effort beingis insufficient at the end of the day | Total | 29**. | 4.6–1.8 |
Men | 35**. | 8.0–1.6 | ||
Women | 24**. | 4.4–1.3 | ||
Experience the work as restricted and with lack of freedom | Total | 18*. | 2.9–1.1 | |
Men | 24*. | 5.4–1.0 | ||
Women | 2.1 | 5.0–0.9 | ||
Working alone and at risk of unsafe or threatening situations | Total | 17*. | 2.7–1.1 | |
Men | 1.2 | 2.6–0.6 | ||
Women | 22*. | 4.0–1.2 | ||
Motivation and work satisfaction | I am in generally dissatisfied with the work tasks | Total | 19*. | 3.8–1.0 |
Men | 1.9 | 5.6–0.6 | ||
Women | 2.1 | 5.0–0.9 |
Possibility of working until age 65 in the current occupation related to systematic work environment management and to occupational health care services
Work-related difficulties and bodily disorders among men and women in Sweden
Work-caused bodily health disorders | Portion of men (%) with the health disorder | Portion of women (%) with the health disorder | Total portion (%) with the health disorder |
---|---|---|---|
Dorsal disorders (except neck) | 37.2 | 31.1 | 33.6 |
Sleeping disorders | 23.4 | 34.0 | 29.7 |
Arm, shoulder disorders | 26.8 | 31.2 | 29.4 |
Mental disorders (not localizable) | 20.4 | 27.8 | 24.8 |
Neck or throat disorders | 11.7 | 20.9 | 17.1 |
Hip, leg, knee disorders | 10.7 | 9.3 | 9.9 |
Fingers, hand, wrist disorders | 9.1 | 9.2 | 9.2 |
Hearing disorders | 8.9 | 8.1 | 8.4 |
Head, face disorders | 6.0 | 9.0 | 7.8 |
Stomach, intestines, other abdominal organs | 2.8 | 4.9 | 4.1 |
Toes, foot, ankle disorders | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
Disorder throughout the whole body | 2.3 | 4.5 | 3.6 |
Cardiac, vascular disorders | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.2 |
Chest, breast disorders | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
Lungs, respiratory disorders | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
Abdominal or pelvic disorders | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Eye disorders | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
Blood or hematopoietic organ disorders | < 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.5 |
Skin disorders | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Causes of the difficulty | Men | Woman | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Stress, mental pressure | 32.9 | 47.7 | 41.6 |
Demanding work postures | 31.3 | 28.7 | 29.8 |
Heavy manual handling | 21.8 | 18.7 | 20.0 |
Repeated and repetitive tasks | 9.9 | 12.2 | 11.3 |
Noise | 6.1 | 4.9 | 5.4 |
Difficult temperature conditions | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
Chemical / technical products | 2.8 | 1.6 | 2.1 |
Threats, violence | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Bullying, harassments | 1.1 | 1.8 | 1.5 |
Inebriation | 1.8 | 0.4 | 0.9 |
Plants and animals | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
Agents, contagion, infection | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
Other/not listed cause of work-related difficulty | 40.6 | 43.8 | 42.5 |