Background
Methods
Study design and settings
Participants
Data collection and recruitment
Ethical approval
Variables and definitions
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3 or more days of vigorous activity of at least 20 minutes per day OR.
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5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity or walking for at least 30 minutes per day OR.
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5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous intensity activities achieving a minimum of at least 600 MET-min/week.
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Vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days and accumulating at least 1500 MET-minutes/week OR.
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7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous intensity activities achieving a minimum of at least 3000 MET-minutes/week.
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of the participants
No (%) or Means (SD) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Total | Male | Female | |
Gender | |||
Male | 97 (48.5) | ||
Female | 103 (51.05) | ||
Age, means (SD), years | 36.5 (11.0) | 37.2 (11.9) | 35.7 (10.1) |
18–29 | 59 (29.5) | 30 (30.9) | 29 (28.1) |
30–39 | 62 (31.0) | 25 (25.8) | 37 (35.9) |
40–49 | 51 (25.5) | 26 (26.8) | 25 (24.3) |
50–64 | 28 (14.0) | 16 (16.5) | 12 (11.7) |
Marital status | |||
Single | 25 (12.5) | 19 (19.6) | 6 (5.8) |
Married | 168 (84) | 78 (80.4) | 90 (87.4) |
Widowed/separated | 7 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (6.8) |
Family size, mean (SD) | 5.3 (2.0) | ||
Educational level | |||
Not completed primary | 89 (44.5) | 46 (47.4) | 43 (41.8) |
Primary school completed | 54 (27.0) | 26 (26.8) | 28 (27.2) |
Secondary school completed | 37 (18.5) | 17 (17.5) | 20 (19.4) |
College/University | 20 (10.0) | 8 (8.2) | 12 (11.7) |
Occupation in Syria | |||
Student | 38 (19.0) | 20 (20.6) | 18 (17.5) |
Homemaker | 79 (39.5) | 0 (0.0) | 79 (76.7) |
Professional | 24 (12.0) | 22 (22.7) | 2 (1.9) |
Employee | 16 (8.0) | 15 (15.5) | 1 (1.0) |
Agriculture | 3 (1.5) | 3 (3.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Other | 37 (18.5) | 35 (36.1) | 2 (1.9) |
Not working | 2 (1.0) | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Prefer not to answer | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) |
Occupation in Jordan | |||
Student | 11 (5.5) | 5 (5.2) | 6 (5.8) |
Homemaker | 91 (45.5) | 0 (0.0) | 91 (88.3) |
Professional | 9 (4.5) | 9 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) |
Employee | 17 (8.5) | 17 (17.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Agriculture | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
Other | 22 (11.0) | 16 (16.5) | 6 (5.8) |
Not working | 48 (24.0) | 48 (49.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Prefer not to answer | 2 (1.0) | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Total No (%) | Male No (%) | Female No (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
The city lived before moving to Amman | |||
Homs | 64 (32.0) | 32 (33.0) | 32 (31.1) |
Aleppo | 7 (3.5) | 2 (2.1) | 5 (4.9) |
Damascus | 88 (44.0) | 41 (42.3) | 47 (45.6) |
Hamah | 10 (5.0) | 6 (6.2) | 4 (3.9) |
Daraa | 16 (8.0) | 7 (7.2) | 9 (8.7) |
Idlib | 4 (2.0) | 2 (2.1) | 2 (1.9) |
Other | 11 (5.5) | 7 (7.2) | 4 (3.9) |
Reason to come to Jordan | |||
Feel danger | 191 (95.5) | 91 (93.8) | 100 (97.1) |
Medical condition | 2 (1.0) | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Relatives in Jordan | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) |
Other | 6 (3.0) | 4 (4.2) | 2 (2.0) |
Duration in Jordan | |||
0–6 months | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
1–2 years | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.5) |
2–3 years | 9 (4.5) | 3 (3.1) | 6 (5.8) |
3–4 years | 30 (15.0) | 11 (11.3) | 19 (18.4) |
More than 4 years | 159 (79.5) | 83 (85.6) | 76 (73.8) |
Total No (%) | Male No (%) | Female No (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Perceived health condition | |||
Under control | 107 (53.5) | 51 (52.6) | 56 (54.4) |
Not under control | 91 (45.5) | 45 (46.4) | 46 (44.7) |
Prefer not to answer | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) |
Perceived level of physical activity | |||
High | 46 (23.0) | 25 (25.8) | 21 (20.4) |
Moderate | 117 (58.5) | 48 (49.5) | 69 (67.0) |
Low | 37 (18.5) | 24 (24.7) | 13 (12.6) |
Hypertension | |||
Yes | 67 (33.5) | 31 (32.0) | 36 (35.0) |
No | 130 (65.0) | 64 (66.0) | 66 (64.1) |
Prefer not to answer | 3 (1.5) | 2 (2.1) | 1 (1.0) |
Obesity | |||
Yes | 30 (15.0) | 8 (8.2) | 22 (21.4) |
No | 168 (84) | 89 (91.8) | 79 (76.7) |
Prefer not to answer | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) |
Smoking | |||
Current smoker | 77 (38.5) | 66 (68.0) | 11 (10.7) |
Never smoker | 123 (61.5) | 31 (32.0) | 92 (89.3) |
Satisfaction with current situation in Jordan | |||
Yes | 109 (54.5) | 45 (46.4) | 64 (62.1) |
No | 67 (33.5) | 41 (42.3) | 26 (25.2) |
Prefer not to answer | 24 (12.0) | 11 (11.3) | 13 (12.6) |
Feel stress after coming to Joran | |||
Yes | 77 (38.5) | 43 (44.3) | 34 (33.0) |
Neutral | 38 (19.0) | 14 (14.4) | 24 (23.3) |
No | 71 (35.5) | 32 (33.0) | 39 (37.9) |
Prefer not to answer | 14 (7.0) | 8 (8.2) | 6 (5.8) |
The perceived change in amount of physical activity during living in Jordan compared with lived in Syria | |||
Increased | 69 (34.5) | 30 (30.9) | 39 (37.8) |
Decreased | 106 (53.0) | 57 (58.8) | 49 (47.5) |
No change | 17 (8.5) | 7 (7.2) | 10 (9.7) |
Not sure | 8 (4.0) | 3 (3.1) | 5 (4.8) |
Patterns of physical activity
Physical Activity Level | Total No (%) n = 173 | Male No (%) n = 79 | Female No (%) n = 94 | p-valuea |
---|---|---|---|---|
High | 114 (65.9) | 52 (65.8) | 62 (66.0) | |
Moderate | 45 (26.0) | 22 (27.8) | 23 (24.5) | |
Low | 14 (8.1) | 5 (6.3) | 9 (9.6) | p = 0.68 |
Participants No (%) | Median (IQR) | Range | p-valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
All activity (MET-min/wk) | ||||
Total | 173 | 4398 (0, 7386) | 0–17,838 | |
Male | 79 (45.7) | 4066.5 (0, 7572) | 0–15,813 | |
Female | 94 (54.3) | 4673.5 (0, 6657) | 0–17,838 | p = 0.78 |
Vigorous activity (MET-min/wk) | ||||
Total | 182 | 960 (0, 2880) | 0–10,080 | |
Male | 85 (46.7) | 480 (0, 2400) | 0–10,080 | |
Female | 97 (53.3) | 1920 (0, 2880) | 0–10,080 | p < 0.01 |
Moderate activity (MET-min/wk) | ||||
Total | 185 | 1440 (0, 1440) | 0–5760 | |
Male | 86 (46.5) | 660 (0, 2520) | 0–5760 | |
Female | 99 (53.5) | 1440 (0, 3360) | 0–5040 | p < 0.05 |
Walking activity (MET-min/wk) | ||||
Total | 186 | 693 (0, 1386) | 0–4158 | |
Male | 87 (46.8) | 1039.5 (0, 2772) | 0–4158 | |
Female | 99 (53.2) | 396 (0, 1188) | 0–4158 | p < 0.01 |
Sedentary time (minutes) | ||||
Total | 181 | 180 (0, 300) | 0–960 | |
Male | 83 (45.9) | 240 (60, 600) | 60–960 | |
Female | 98 (54.1) | 180 (0, 240) | 0–960 | p < 0.01 |
Factors associated with physical inactivity
Physically Inactive No (%) n = 14 | Physically active No (%) n = 159 | Crude OR (95%CI) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p-valueb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||
Male | 5 (6.3) | 74 (93.7) | Ref | ||
Female | 9 (9.6) | 85 (90.4) | 1.57 (0.50–4.88) | p = 0.44 | |
Age | |||||
18–30 | 6 (11.8) | 45 (88.2) | Ref | ||
31–44 | 6 (7.8) | 71 (92.2) | 0.63 (0.19–2.09) | p = 0.45 | |
45–64 | 2 (4.4) | 43 (95.6) | 0.35 (0.07–1.82) | p = 0.21 | |
Occupation in Jordan | |||||
Not working | 5 (10.2) | 44 (89.8) | Ref | ||
Homemaker | 7 (8.4) | 76 (91.6) | 0.81 (0.24–2.71) | p = 0.73 | |
Working | 2 (4.9) | 39 (95.1) | 0.45 (0.08–2.46) | p = 0.35 | |
Educational level | |||||
< Primary school | 11 (8.9) | 113 (91.1) | Ref | ||
> Secondary school | 3 (6.1) | 36 (93.9) | 0.67 (0.18–2.51) | p = 0.55 | |
Marital status | |||||
Single | 2 (11.1) | 16 (88.9) | Ref | ||
Married/Widow | 12 (7.7) | 143 (92.3) | 0.67 (0.14–3.28) | p = 0.62 | |
The place before coming to Ammana | |||||
West | 3 (5.5) | 52 (94.5) | Ref | ||
North | 1 (5.9) | 16 (94.1) | 1.08 (0.11–11.15) | p = 0.95 | |
South | 10 (9.9) | 91 (90.1) | 1.90 (0.50–7.23) | p = 0.34 | |
Duration in Jordan | |||||
< 4 years | 6 (16.2) | 31 (83.8) | Ref | ||
4 years or longer | 8 (5.9) | 128 (94.1) | 3.10 (1.00–9.58) | p < 0.05 | |
Perceived health condition | |||||
Not controlled | 6 (7.5) | 74 (92.5) | Ref | ||
Controlled | 8 (8.6) | 85 (91.4) | 1.16 (0.38–3.50) | p = 0.87 | |
Perceived level of physical activity | |||||
Active | 10 (7.0) | 132 (93.0) | Ref | ||
Inactive | 4 (12.9) | 27 (87.1) | 1.96 (0.57–6.69) | p = 0.28 | |
Hypertension | |||||
No | 9 (7.9) | 105 (92.1) | Ref | ||
Yes | 5 (8.5) | 54 (91.5) | 1.08 (0.34–3.38) | p = 0.85 | |
Obesity | |||||
No | 10 (6.9) | 136 (93.1) | Ref | ||
Yes | 4 (14.8) | 23 (85.2) | 2.37 (0.08–8.18) | p = 0.16 | |
Smoking | |||||
Never smoker | 12 (10.7) | 100 (89.3) | Ref | ||
Current smoker | 2 (3.3) | 59 (96.7) | 0.28 (0.06–1.31) | p = 0.28 | |
Satisfaction with the current situation in Jordan | |||||
Yes | 8 (8.3) | 89 (91.7) | Ref | ||
No | 3 (5.4) | 53 (94.6) | 1.96 (0.47–8.16) | p = 0.35 | |
Prefer not to answer | 3 (15.0) | 17 (85.0) | 0.63 (0.16–2.48) | p = 0.51 | |
Feel stress after coming to Joran | |||||
No | 5 (8.1) | 57 (91.9) | Ref | ||
Yes | 9 (8.1) | 102 (91.9) | 1.01 (0.32–3.15) | p = 0.99 | |
The perceived change in the amount of physical activity in Jordan compared to Syria | |||||
Increased | 2 (3.3) | 58 (96.7) | Ref | Ref | |
Decreased | 7 (7.7) | 84 (92.3) | 2.40 (0.48–12.05) | 3.00 (1.27–7.26) | |
No change/Not sure | 5 (22.7) | 17 (77.3) | 8.53 (1.52–47.9) | p < 0.05 |
Perceived facilitators of and barriers to physical activity
Facilitator | Total No (%) n = 173 | Physically Active No (%) n = 159 | Physically Inactive No (%) n = 14 | p-value a | Meeting WHO recsNo (%) n = 96 | Not meeting WHO recs No (%) n = 77 | p-value a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Promote and maintain health | 72 (41.6) | 68 (42.8) | 4 (28.6) | 0.30 | 38 (39.6) | 34 (44.2) | 0.54 |
Improve body image and shape | 54 (31.2) | 52 (32.7) | 2 (14.3) | 0.15 | 33 (34.4) | 21 (27.3) | 0.32 |
Improve muscle power | 17 (9.8) | 17 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.20 | 11 (11.5) | 6 (7.8) | 0.42 |
Spent free times | 42 (24.3) | 40 (25.2) | 2 (14.3) | 0.36 | 27 (28.1) | 15 (19.5) | 0.19 |
Weight control/obesity prevention | 67 (38.7) | 66 (41.5) | 1 (7.1) | 0.01 | 45 (46.9) | 22 (28.6) | 0.01 |
Psychological wellbeing | 86 (49.7) | 84 (52.8) | 2 (14.3) | 0.01 | 49 (51.0) | 37 (48.1) | 0.70 |
Recreation | 29 (16.8) | 28 (17.6) | 1 (7.1) | 0.32 | 19 (19.8) | 10 (13.0) | 0.23 |
Prevent diseases | 81 (46.8) | 76 (47.8) | 5 (35.7) | 0.39 | 48 (50.0) | 33 (42.9) | 0.35 |
Improve mentality and intellectuality | 35 (20.2) | 35 (22.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.05 | 25 (26.0) | 10 (13.0) | 0.03 |
Companionship with others | 43 (24.9) | 43 (27.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.03 | 28 (29.2) | 15 (19.5) | 0.14 |
Socializing | 37 (21.4) | 37 (23.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.04 | 22 (22.9) | 15 (19.5) | 0.58 |
Fun and enjoyment | 32 (18.5) | 31 (19.5) | 1 (7.1) | 0.25 | 19 (19.8) | 13 (16.9) | 0.62 |
Improve sleeping | 37 (21.4) | 36 (22.6) | 1 (7.1) | 0.18 | 23 (24.0) | 14 (18.2) | 0.36 |
Self-dependence | 73 (42.2) | 71 (44.7) | 2 (14.3) | 0.03 | 46 (47.9) | 27 (35.1) | 0.09 |
Relieve tension | 75 (43.4) | 72 (45.3) | 3 (21.4) | 0.08 | 45 (46.9) | 30 (39.0) | 0.30 |
No benefits | 21 (12.1) | 17 (10.7) | 4 (28.6) | 0.05 | 13 (13.5) | 8 (10.4) | 0.53 |
Median (IQR) no. of facilitators | 4 (1, 7) | 2 (1, 3) | 4 (1, 7.5) | 3 (1, 5) |
Barrier | Total No (%) n = 173 | Physically Active No (%) n = 159 | Physically Inactive No (%) n = 14 | p-value a | Meeting WHO recs No (%) n = 96 | Not meeting WHO recs No (%) n = 77 | p-value a |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time limitations | 75 (43.4) | 69 (60.5) | 6 (42.9) | 0.97 | 46 (47.9) | 29 (37.7) | 0.18 |
Lack of accessible and suitable sports places | 39 (22.5) | 36 (31.6) | 3 (21.4) | 0.92 | 16 (16.7) | 23 (29.9) | 0.04 |
Lack of safe sports places | 36 (20.8) | 32 (28.1) | 4 (28.6) | 0.46 | 19 (19.8) | 17 (22.1) | 0.71 |
Lack of support and encouragement from others | 42 (24.3) | 41 (36.0) | 1 (7.1) | 0.12 | 25 (26.0) | 17 (22.1) | 0.55 |
Lack of friends to encourage me | 31 (17.9) | 30 (26.3) | 1 (7.1) | 0.27 | 20 (20.8) | 11 (14.3) | 0.26 |
Have other important priorities | 74 (42.8) | 71 (62.3) | 3 (21.4) | 0.09 | 43 (44.8) | 31 (40.3) | 0.55 |
Lack of sports programs that suit my physical fitness | 13 (7.5) | 13 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.27 | 9 (9.4) | 4 (5.2) | 0.30 |
Not interested in sports | 19 (11.0) | 16 (14.0) | 3 (21.4) | 0.19 | 11 (11.5) | 8 (10.4) | 0.82 |
Lack of motivation | 12 (6.9) | 11 (9.6) | 1 (7.1) | 0.98 | 8 (8.3) | 4 (5.2) | 0.42 |
High cost | 100 (57.8) | 95 (83.3) | 5 (35.7) | 0.08 | 62 (64.6) | 38 (49.4) | 0.04 |
Lack of sports skills | 9 (5.2) | 9 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.36 | 4 (4.2) | 5 (6.5) | 0.49 |
Fear of failure in sports competition | 14 (8.1) | 13 (11.4) | 1 (7.1) | 0.89 | 4 (4.2) | 10 (13.0) | 0.04 |
Fear of injury | 25 (14.5) | 24 (21.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.42 | 13 (13.5) | 12 (15.6) | 0.70 |
Fear of deterioration of physical illness | 19 (11.0) | 17 (14.9) | 2 (14.3) | 0.68 | 9 (9.4) | 10 (13.0) | 0.45 |
Nobody to care for my family | 63 (36.4) | 60 (52.6) | 3 (21.4) | 0.22 | 42 (43.8) | 21 (27.3) | 0.03 |
Feeling tired on physical activity | 33 (19.1) | 32 (28.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.24 | 17 (17.7) | 16 (20.8) | 0.61 |
Ignorance about benefits of sports | 4 (2.3) | 4 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0.55 | 4 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.07 |
Prefer not to attend sports place | 5 (2.9) | 5 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.50 | 3 (3.1) | 2 (2.6) | 0.84 |
Lack of or low physical power | 24 (13.9) | 22 (19.3) | 2 (14.3) | 0.96 | 11 (11.5) | 13 (16.9) | 0.31 |
Feeling unable to practice sports adequately | 18 (10.4) | 17 (14.9) | 1 (7.1) | 0.68 | 7 (7.3) | 11 (14.3) | 0.13 |
Objection of others | 5 (2.9) | 5 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.50 | 3 (3.1) | 2 (2.6) | 0.84 |
Body cannot tolerate physical activity | 30 (17.3) | 28 (24.6) | 2 (14.3) | 0.75 | 16 (16.7) | 14 (18.2) | 0.79 |
Unsuitable (hot or cold) weather | 15 (8.7) | 14 (12.3) | 1 (7.1) | 0.83 | 6 (6.3) | 9 (11.7) | 0.21 |
Previous bad experience with physical sport activity | 9 (5.2) | 9 (7.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.36 | 5 (5.2) | 4 (5.2) | 1.00 |
No barriers | 11 (6.4) | 11 (9.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.31 | 8 (8.3) | 3 (3.9) | 0.24 |
Median (IQR) no. of barriers | 3 (1, 5) | 2.5 (1,3) | 3 (1, 5) | 3 (1, 5) |