Introduction
Participants and Methods
Patients
Methods
Conventional Swallowing Rehabilitation Training
The tDCS Protocol
Outcome Measurement
Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA) Scale [19]
Penetration-Aspiration Scale (PAS)
Blood Indicators
Time of Assessment
Statistical Analysis
Results
Baseline Characteristics
Group | n | Gender | Age (year) | Course | Lesion | Type | Risk factor | NIHSS | MMSE | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Left | Right | Hemorrhage | Infarction | |||||||
tDCS | 20 | 12 | 8 | 52.7 ± 8.0 | 50.65 ± 21.82 | 11 | 9 | 13 | 7 | 1.45 ± 0.51 | 12.4 ± 2.74 | 16.55 ± 3.61 |
conventional | 20 | 9 | 11 | 51.65 ± 9.74 | 50.45 ± 17.48 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | 11.9 ± 3.29 | 16.0 ± 4.37 |
X2 | 0.34 | 0.749 | 0.736 | |||||||||
P value | 0.799 | 0.947 | 0.678 | 0.565 | 0.583 |
Clinical Baseline Information of Participants Before and After Treatment
Group (n = 40) | SSA | PAS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | 3-month | Before | After | 3-month | ||
tDCS (n = 20) | 35.40 ± 2.7 | 27.3 ± 3.46 | 22.25 ± 1.97 | 5.3 ± 1.08 | 2.95 ± 1.05 | 1.95 ± 0.94 | |
Conventional (n = 20) | 34.70 ± 2.51 | 29.8 ± 2.67 | 24.25 ± 3.46 | 5.25 ± 0.91 | 4.1 ± 1.02 | 2.75 ± 0.55 | |
P value (Baseline) | 0.402a | 0.925a | |||||
P value (tDCS) | 0.000b | 0.000b | |||||
P value (Conventional) | 0.000b | 0.000b | |||||
P value (Comparison) | 0.015c | 0.002d | 0.002c | 0.003d |
Group (n = 40) | Time | WBC (109/L) | CRP (mg/L) | PCT (ng·ml) | PaO2 (mmHg) | Hb (g/L) | PAB (g/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
tDCS | Before | 9.44 ± 2.07ab | 18.9 ± 20.62ab | 0.31 ± 0.32ab | 67.27 ± 3.36ab | 110.75 ± 9.8ab | 245.75 ± 68.64ab |
(n = 20) | After | 8.18 ± 1.89c | 4.23 ± 6.5c | 0.12 ± 0.17c | 73.9 ± 4.34c | 117.05 ± 10.35c | 292.95 ± 75.69c |
Conventional | Before | 10.14 ± 1.78 | 17.73 ± 18.16 | 0.44 ± 0.36 | 66.89 ± 3.51 | 110.25 ± 10.0 | 223.10 ± 62.04 |
(n = 20) | After | 9.35 ± 1.55c | 12.81 ± 15.79c | 0.27 ± 0.26c | 71.12 ± 2.87c | 111.0 ± 8.36c | 245.95 ± 58.07c |
P value (Baseline) | 0.257a | 0.849a | 0.212a | 0.729a | 0.874a | 0.281a | |
After treatment | |||||||
P value (tDCS) | 0.000b | 0.009b | 0.007b | 0.000b | 0.000b | 0.000b | |
P value (Conventional) | 0.000b | 0.002b | 0.000b | 0.000b | 0.000b | 0.000b | |
P value (Comparison) | 0.039c | 0.034c | 0.033c | 0.021c | 0.049c | 0.034c |