nach oben

Erschienen in:

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

14. Exogen-allergische Alveolitis

verfasst von : Dirk Koschel

Erschienen in: Seltene Lungenerkrankungen

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Die exogen-allergische Alveolitis (EAA) ist eine seltene interstitielle Lungenerkrankung, die durch Inhalation von Antigenen in Stäuben, Gasen oder Aerosolen entsteht. Klinisch unterscheidet man einen akuten von einem chronischen Verlauf, der mit Ausbildung einer Lungenfibrose, aber auch selten eines Lungenemphysems einhergehen kann. Die Diagnose wird anhand einer Kombination von Diagnosekriterien, die neben einer möglichen Antigenexposition typische Symptome, spezifische IgG-Antikörper, funktionelle Einschränkungen, eine lymphozytäre Alveolitis in der BAL, charakteristische radiologische und histopathologische Befunde und ggf. eine inhalative Provokationstestung oder einen Karenztest beinhalten können, gestellt. Das klinische Bild einer chronischen EAA ist oftmals uneinheitlicher und kann daher eine größere Herausforderung darstellen. Optimalerweise erfolgt dann die Diagnosestellung analog zu anderen interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen in einem multidisziplinären Team. Therapeutisch steht die frühe Diagnosestellung mit möglicher Antigenkarenz im Mittelpunkt. Medikamentös wird neben einer antiinflammatorischen Therapie mittels Kortikosteroiden, v. a. bei akuten Verläufen, mittlerweile auch eine antifibrotische Therapie mittels Nintedanib bei chronischen progredient-fibrosierenden Verläufen eingesetzt. Präventive Maßnahmen im beruflichen oder häuslichen Umfeld müssen berücksichtigt werden.

Adderley N, Humphreys CJ, Barnes H et al (2020) Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytosis in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Euc Respir J 56:2.000.206CrossRef

Adegunsoye A, Oldham JM, Fernández Pérez ER et al (2017) Outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. ERJ Open Res 3:00016–02017PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Akashi T, Takemura T, Ando N et al (2009) Histopathologic analysis of sixteen autopsy cases of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis and comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia. Am J Clin Pathol 131:405–415PubMedCrossRef

Akira M, Kita N, Higashihara T et al (1992) Summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis: comparison of high-resolution CT and plain radiographic findings. Am J Roentgenol 158:1223–1228CrossRef

American Thoracic Society (1998) Respiratory health hazards in agriculture. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:35–41

Amthor MJ (2003) Histologische Differentialdiagnose der EAA unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bronchiolitis obliterans mit organisierender Pneumonie (BOOP). Allergologie 26:310–312CrossRef

Ando M, Konoshi K, Yoneda R et al (1991) Difference in the phenotypes of broncholaveolar lavage lymphocytes in patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, farmer’s lung, ventilation pneumonitis, and bird fancier’s lung: report of nationwide epidemiologic study in Japan. J Allergy Clin Immunol 87:1002–1009PubMedCrossRef

Banham SW, McSharry C, Lynch PP, Boyd G (1986) Relationships between avian exposure, humoral immune response, and pigeon breeders’ disease among Scottish pigeon fanciers. Thorax 41:274–278PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Barrera L, Mendoza F, Zuñiga J et al (2008) Functional diversity of T-cell subpopulations in subacute and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:44–55PubMedCrossRef

Bauer KH, Grimm I, Thiel C (1985) „Befeuchterkrankheit“: Forderung nach Prävention und nach Anerkennung als Berufskrankheit. Prax Klin Pneumol 100:105

Behr J, Prasse A, Kreuter M et al (2021) Pirfenidone in patients with progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (RELIEF): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial. Lancet Respir Med. Published online March 30:2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30554-3 CrossRef

Bergmann KC, Kroidl R, Müller-Wening D et al (1998) Empfehlungen zur inhalativen Provokationstestungen bei exogen-allergischer Alveolitis. Pneumologie 52:444–446PubMed

Blanchet MR, Israël-Assayag E, Cormier Y (2004) Inhibitory effect of nicotine on experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in vivo and in vitro. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169:903–909PubMedCrossRef

Borderias L, Morell F, Vera J et al (2010) Starling-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis: minimal but persistent antigen exposure. Arch Bronconeumol 46:607–609PubMedCrossRef

Bourke SJ, Dalphin JC, Boyd G, McSharry C, Baldwin CI, Calvert JE (2001) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: current concepts. Eur Respir J 18(Suppl):81S–92S

Boyd G, McSharry CP, Banham SW, Lynch PP (1982) A current view of pigeon fancier’s lung. A model for pulmonary extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Clin Allergy 12(Suppl):53–59

Burrell P, Bylander R (1981) A critical review of the role of precipitins in hypersenitivity pneumonitis (1981. Eur J Respir Dis 62:332–343PubMed

Camarena A, Juárez A, Mejía M et al (2001) Major histocompatibility complex and Tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphisms in pigeon breeder’s disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:1528–1533PubMedCrossRef

Carrillo T, de Rodriguez CF, Cuevas M, Diaz F, Cabrera P (1991) Effect of cigarette smoking on the humoral immune response in pigeon fanciers. Allergy 46:241–244PubMedCrossRef

Cheung OY, Muhm JR, Colby TV et al (2003) Surgical pathology of granulomatous interstitial pneumonia. Ann Diagn Pathol 7(85):127–138

Christensen LT, Duwayne Schmidt C, Robbins L (1975) Pigeon breeders’ disease – a prevalance study and review. Clin Allergy 5:417–430PubMedCrossRef

Chung JH, Zhan X, Cao M et al (2017) Presence of air trapping and mosaic attenuation on chest computed tomography predicts survival in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:1533–1538PubMedCrossRef

Churg A, Muller NL, Flint J et al (2006) Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Surg Pathol 30:201–208PubMedCrossRef

Churg A, Sin DD, Everett D et al (2009) Pathologic pattern and survival in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Surg Pathol 33:1765–1770PubMedCrossRef

Coleman A, Colby TV (1988) Histologic diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Am J Surg Pathol 12:514–518PubMedCrossRef

Control CfD, Preventions (2002) Respiratory Illness in workers exposed to metalworking fluid contaminated with nontuberculosis mycobacteria – Ohio, 2001. JAMA 287:3073–3074

Cormier Y, Desmeules M (1994) Treatment of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Comparison between contact avoidance and corticosteroids. Can Respir J 1:223–228CrossRef

Cormier Y, Bélanger J, Durand P (1985) Factors influencing the development of serum precipitins to farmer’s lung antigen in Quebec dairy farmers. Thorax 40:138–142PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Cormier Y, Bélanger J, LeBlanc P et al (1986) Bronchoalveolar lavage in farmer’s lung disease: diagnostic and physiological significance. Br J Ind Med 43:401–405PubMedPubMedCentral

Cormier Y, Brown M, Muller NL et al (2000) High-resolution computed tomography characteristics in acute farmer’s lung and in its follow up. Eur Respir J 16:56–60PubMedCrossRef

Cormier Y, Letourneau L, Racine G (2004) Significance of precipitins and asymptomatic lymphocytic alveolitis: a 20-yr follow-up. Eur Respir J 23:523–525PubMedCrossRef

Costabel U, Guzman J (2003) Bronchoalveolar lavage. In: Schwarz MI, King TE Jr. (Hrsg) Interstitial lung disease, 4. Aufl. Decker, Hamilton, S 452–484 (BC)

Costabel U, Bross KJ, Matthys H et al (1984) T-lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 85:514–518PubMedCrossRef

Costabel U, Miyazaki Y, Pardo A et al (2020) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 6:65PubMedCrossRef

Craig TJ, Hershey J, Engler RJM et al (1992) Bird antigen persistence in the home environment after removal of the bird. Annals Allergy 69:510–512

Dalphin JC, Debiuvre D, Pernet D et al (1993) Prevalance and risk factors for chronic bronchitis and farmer’s lung in French dairy farmer’s. Brit J Ind Med 50:941–944

Delpierre A, Dalphin JC, Pernet D, Dubiez A, Faucompre C, Breton JL (1988) Epidemiological study of farmer’s lung in five districts of the French Doubs province. Thorax 43:429–435CrossRef

Embil J, Warren P, Yakrus M et al (1997) Pulmonary illness associated with exposure to Mycobacterium avium Complex in hot tub water. Chest 111:813–816PubMedCrossRef

Erkinjuntti-Pekkanen R, Rytkonen H, Kokkarinen JI et al (1998) Long-term risk of emphysema in patients with farmer’s lung and matched control farmers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:662–665PubMedCrossRef

Facco M, Semenzato G (2013) Immunopathogenesis of hypersenitivits pneumonitis. In: Sharma OP (Hrsg) Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, S 33–46

Fenoglio CM, Reboux G, Sudre B et al (2007) Diagnostic value of serum precipitins to mould antigens in active hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 29:706–712PubMedCrossRef

Fernández Pérez ER, Swigris JJ, Forssén AV et al (2013) Identifying an inciting antigen is associated with improved survival in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 144:1644–1651PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Fernández Pérez ER, Kong AM, Raimundo K et al (2018) Epidemiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis among an insured population in the United States: a claims-based cohort analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 15:460–469PubMedCrossRef

Ferreira M, Borie R, Crestani B et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP): A retrospective, multicentric, observational study. Respir Med 172:106146PubMedCrossRef

Ferri F, Guidetti RMPG et al (2003) Prevalance of extrinisc allergic alveolitis in cattle breeders from the province of reggio Emilia. Med Lav 94:380–390PubMed

Fink JN (1987) Epidemiologic aspects of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Monogr Allergy 21:59–69PubMed

Fjällbrandt H, Akerstrom M, Svensson E, Andersson E (2013) Hot tub lung: an occupational disease. Eur Respir Rev 22:88–95CrossRef

Flaherty KR, Wells AU, Cottin V et al (2019) Nintedanib in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. N Engl J Med 381:718–727CrossRef

Fournier E, Tonnel AB, Gosset P (1985) Early neutrophil alveolitis after antigen inhalation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 88:563–566PubMedCrossRef

Franquet T, Hansell DM, Senbanjo T, Remy-Jardin M, Muller NL (2003) Lung cysts in subacute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. J Comput Assist Tomogr 27:475–478PubMedCrossRef

Freedman PM, Ault B (1981) Bronchial hyperreactivity to metacholine in farmer’s lung. J Allergy Clin Immunol 67:59–63PubMedCrossRef

Funke M, Fellrath JM (2008) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to lovebirds: a new cause of bird fancier’s disease. Eur Respir J 32:517–521PubMedCrossRef

Garcia de Alba C, Buendia-Roldan I, Salgado A et al (2015) Fibrocytes contribute to inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis through paracrine effects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 191:427–436PubMedCrossRef

Gimenez A, Storrer K, Kuranishi L et al (2018) Change in FVC and survival in chronic fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Thorax 73:391–392PubMedCrossRef

Girard M, Israel-Assayag E, Cormier Y (2004) Pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 4:93–98PubMedCrossRef

Girard M, Lacasse Y, Cormier Y (2009) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Allergy 64:322–334PubMedCrossRef

Girard M, Israel-Assayag E, Cormier Y (2011) Impaired function of regulatory T-cells in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 37:632–639PubMedCrossRef

Gonzalez-Mancebo E, Diez Gomez ML, Pulido Z et al (2000) Swimming-pool pneumonitis. Allergy 55:782–783PubMedCrossRef

Greinert U, Lepp U, Vollmer E, Becker WM (2000) Vogelhalterlunge ohne Vogelhaltung. Pneumologie 54:179–183CrossRef

Gruchow HW, Hoffmann RG, Marx JJ Jr, Emanuel DA, Rimm AA (1981) Precipitating antibodies to farmer’s lung antigens in a Wisconsin farming population. Am Rev Respir Dis 124:411–415PubMed

Gudmundsson G, Hunninghake GW (1999) Respiratory epithelial cells release interleukin-8 in response to a thermophilic bacteria that causes hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Exp Lung Res 25:217–228PubMedCrossRef

Hanak V, Golbin JM, Hartman TE, Ryu JH (2008) High-resolution CT findings of parenchymal fibrosis correlate with prognosis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 134:133–138PubMedCrossRef

Hapke EJ, Seal RM, Thomas GO et al (1968) Farmer’s lung. A clinical, radiographic, functional, and serological correlation of acute and chronic stages. Thorax 23:451–468PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Hartman TE (2003) The HRCT features of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Sem Respir Crit Care Med 24:419–425CrossRef

Hendrick DJ, Marshall R, Faux JA, Krall JM (1980) Positive „alveolar“ responses to antigen inhalation provocation tests: their validity and recognition. Thorax 35:415–427PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Hendrick DJ, Faux JA, Marshall R (1987) Budgerigar-fancier’s lung: the commonest variety of allergic alveolitis in Britain. Br Med J 2:81–84CrossRef

Hill MR, Briggs L, Montaño MM et al (2004) Promoter variants in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) protect against susceptibility in pigeon breeders’ disease. Thorax 59:586–590PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Hodgson MJ, Parkinson DK, Karpf M (1989) Chest X-Rays in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a metaanalysis of secular trend. Am J Ind Med 16:45–53

Hoglund S (1986) Prevention of respiratory problems in agriculture. Am J Ind Med 10:245–247PubMedCrossRef

Israël-Assayag E, Dakhama A, Lavigne S, Laviolette M, Cormier Y (1999) Expression of costimulatory molecules on alveolar macrophages in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159:1830–1834PubMedCrossRef

Israel-Biet D, Venet A, Sandron D et al (1987) Pulmonary complications of intravesical bacille Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. Am Rev Respir Dis 135:763–765PubMed

Jinta T, Miyazaki Y, Kishi M et al (2010) The pathogenesis of chronic HP in common with IPF. Am J Clin Pathol 134:613–620PubMedCrossRef

Kahana L, Kay M, Yakrus M, Waserman S (1997) Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an immunocompetent young adult related to hot tub exposure. Chest 111:242–245PubMedCrossRef

Keir GJ, Maher TM, Ning D et al (2013) Rituximab in severe, treatment-refractory interstitial lung disease. Respirology 19:353–359PubMedCrossRef

Kern RM, Singer JP, Koth L et al (2015) Lung transplantation for hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 147:1558–1565PubMedCrossRef

Kipen HM, Tepper A, Rosenman K (1990) Limitations of hospital discharge diagnosis for surveillance of extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Am J Ind Med 17:701–709PubMedCrossRef

Kishi M, Miyazaki Y, Jinta T et al (2008) Pathogenesis of cBFL in common with IPF? Correlation of IP-10/TARC ratio with histological patterns. Thorax 63:810–816PubMedCrossRef

Kokkarinen JI, Tukiainen HO, Terho EO (1992) Effect of corticosteroid treatment on the recovery of pulmonary function in farmer’s lung. Am Rev Respir 145:3–5 (Dis)

Kokkarinen JI, Tukiainen HO, Terho EO (1993) Recovery of pulmonary function in farmer’s lung. A 5-year follow-up study. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:793–796PubMedCrossRef

Koschel D (2007) Exogen-allergische Alveolitis. Pneumologie 61:305–322PubMedCrossRef

Koschel D (2008) Prävention der exogen-allergischen Alveolitis. Atemw-Lungenkrkh 5:182–186CrossRef

Koschel D, Stark W, Karmann F et al (2005) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by misting fountains. Respir Med 99:943–947PubMedCrossRef

Koschel D, Pietrzyk C, Sennekamp J, Müller-Wening D (2006) Schwimmbadalveolitis: EAA oder Mykobakteriose? Pneumologie 60:285–289PubMedCrossRef

Koschel D, Lützkendorf L, Wiedemann B, Höffken G (2010a) Antigen-specific IgG antibodies in feather duvet lung. Eur J Clin Investig 40:797–802CrossRef

Koschel D, Wittstruck H, Renck T et al (2010b) Presenting features of feather duvet lung. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 152:264–270PubMedCrossRef

Koschel D, Handzhiev S, Cardoso C, Rolle A, Holotiuk O, Höffken G (2011) Pneumomediastinum as a primary manifestation of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Med Sci Monit 17:152–155CrossRef

Koschel D, Cardoso C, Wiedemann B et al (2012a) Pulmonary hypertension in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Lung 190:295–302PubMedCrossRef

Koschel D, Holfert J, Rolle A, Holotiuk O, Höffken G (2012b) Farmer’s lung in a case after bullectomy. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 158:313–316PubMedCrossRef

Kreuter M, Ochmann U, Koschel D et al (2018) DGP interstitial lung disease patient questionnaire. Pneumologie 72:446–457PubMedCrossRef

Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U et al (2003) Clinical diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 168:952–958PubMedCrossRef

Lacasse Y, Selman M, Costabel U et al (2009) Classification of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 149:161–166PubMedCrossRef

Lalancette M, Carrier G, Cormier Y et al (1993) Farmer’s lung. Long-term outcome and lack of predictive value of bronchoalveolar lavage fibrosing factors. Am Rev Respir Dis 148:216–221PubMedCrossRef

Lee T, Wraith DG, Bennett CO (1983) Budgerigar fancier’s lung. The persistence of budgerigar precipitins and the recovery of lung function after cessation of avian exposure. Clin Allergy 13:197–202PubMedCrossRef

Leon A, Retana N, Martinez-Codero E (2003) Anti-avian antibodies and rheumatoid factor in pigeon hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Clin Exp Allergy 33(2):226–232CrossRef

Lynch DA, Newell JD, Muller NL et al (1995) Can CT distinguish hypersensitivity pneumonitis from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Am J Roentgenol 165:807–811CrossRef

Malmberg P (1990) Health effects of organic dust exposure in dairy farmers. Am J Ind Med 17:7–15PubMedCrossRef

Malmberg P, Rask-Andersen A, Höglung S et al (1988) Incidence of organic dust toxic syndrome and allergic alveolitis in Swedish farmers. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 87:47–54PubMedCrossRef

Marcer G, Simioni L, Saia B et al (1983) Study of immunological parameters in farmer’s lung. Clin Allergy 13:443–444PubMedCrossRef

Marras T, Wallace R, Koth L et al (2005) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis reaction to Mycobacterium avium in household water. Chest 127:664–671PubMedCrossRef

Marx JJ, Guernsey J, Emanuel DA et al (1990) Cohort studies of immunologic lung disease among Wisconsin dairy farmer’s. Am J Ind Med 18:263–268PubMedCrossRef

McSharry C, Dye GM, Ismail T, Anderson K, Spiers EM, Boyd G (2006) Quantifying serum antibody in bird fanciers’ hypersensitivity pneumonitis. BMC Pulmonary Med 6:16CrossRef

Merget R, Sander I, Ewig S et al (2009) Consort hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 33:1223–1225PubMedCrossRef

Merget R, Sander I, van Kampen V et al (2013) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to metalworking fluids: how to find the antigens. Adv Exp Med Biol 788:335–340PubMedCrossRef

Metzger WJ, Patterson R, Fink A et al (1976) Sauna-takers’ disease. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to contaminated water in a home sauna. JAMA 236:2209–2211PubMedCrossRef

Meyer FJ, Bauer PC, Costabel U (1996) Feather wreath lung: chasing a dead bird. Eur Respir J 9:1323–1324PubMedCrossRef

Miyazaki Y, Tateishi T, Akashi T et al (2008) Clinical predictors and histologic appearance of acute exacerbations in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 134:1265–1270PubMedCrossRef

Monkare S (1983) Influence of corticosteroid treatment on the course of farmer’s lung. Eur J Respir Dis 64:283–293PubMed

Monkare S, Ikonen M, Haahtela T (1985) Radiologic findings in farmer’s lung. Prognosis and correlation to lung function. Chest 87:460–466PubMedCrossRef

Mooney JJ, Elicker BM, Urbania TH et al (2013) Radiographic fibrosis score predicts survival in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 144:586–592PubMedCrossRef

Moore JS, Christensen M, Wilson RW (2000) Mycobacterial contamination of metalworking fluids: involvement of a possible new taxon of rapidly growing mycobacteria. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 61:205–213CrossRef

Moraga-McHaley AM, Landen M, Krapfl H, Sewell CM (2013) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis with Mycobacterium avium complex among spa workers. Int J Occup Environ Health 19:55–61PubMedCrossRef

Morell F, Roger A, Reyes L et al (2008) Bird fancier’s lung: a series of 86 patients. Medicine 87:110–130PubMedCrossRef

Morell F, Villar A, Montero MÁ et al (2013) Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis in patients diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective case-cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 1:685–694PubMedCrossRef

Moreno-Ancillo A, Vicente J, Gomez L et al (1997) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis related to a covered and heated swimming pool environment. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 114:205–206PubMedCrossRef

Morisset J, Johannson KA, Jones KD (2017a) Identification of diagnostic criteria for chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an international modified Delphi survey. Am J Crit Care Med 197:1036–1044CrossRef

Morisset J, Johannson KA, Vittinghoff E et al (2017b) Use of mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine for the management of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 151:619–625PubMedCrossRef

Müller-Wening D (1990) Klinik der exogen-allergischen Alveolitis. Allergologie 3:91–104

Müller-Wening D (1992) Erfahrungen zur inhalativen Allergenprovokation bei exogen-allergischer Alveolitis. Allergologie 15:2–14

Müller-Wening D (2004) Effekte von Atemschutzgeräten bei Atemwegserkrankungen in der Landwirtschaft. Allergo J 13:460–466CrossRef

Müller-Wening D, Repp H (1989) Investigation of the protective value of breathing masks in farmer’s lung using inhalation provocation test. Chest 95:100–105PubMedCrossRef

Munoz X, Sanchez-Ortiz M, Torres F et al (2014) Diagnostic yield of specific inhalation challenge in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 44:1658–1665PubMedCrossRef

Murayama J, Yoshizawa Y, Ohtsuka M, Hasegawa S (1993) Lung fibrosis in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Association with CD4+ but not CD8+ cell dominant alveolitis and insidious onset. Chest 104:38–43PubMedCrossRef

Ohshimo S, Bonella F, Cui A et al (2009) Significance of bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 179:1043–1047PubMedCrossRef

Ohtani Y, Kojima K, Sumi Y et al (2000) Inhalation provocation tests in chronic bird fancier’s lung. Chest 118:1382–1389PubMedCrossRef

Ohtani Y, Saiki S, Sumi Y et al (2003) Clinical features of recurrent and insidious chronic bird fancier’s lung. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 90:604–610PubMedCrossRef

Ohtani Y, Saiki S, Yoshizawa Y et al (2005) Chronic bird fancier’s lung: histopathological and clinical correlation. An application of the 2002 ATS/ERS consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Thorax 60:665–671PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Ohtsuka Y, Munakata M, Tanimura K et al (1995) Smoking promotes insidious and chronic farmer’s lung disease, and deteriorates the clinical outcome. Intern Med 34:966–971PubMedCrossRef

Oliveira RK, Pereira CA, Ramos RP et al (2014) A haemodynamic study of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Eur Respir J 44:415–424PubMedCrossRef

Olson AL, Huie TJ, Groshong SD et al (2008) Acute exacerbations of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 134:844–850PubMedCrossRef

Pardo A, Barrios R, Selman M et al (2000) Increase of lung neutrophils in hypersensitivity pneumonitis is associated with lung fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:1698–1704PubMedCrossRef

Partridge SJ, Pepperell JCT, Forrester-Wood C et al (2004) Pheasant rearer’s lung. Occup Med 54:500–503CrossRef

Pepys J, Jenkins PA, Festenstein GN et al (1963) Farmer’s lung – thermophilic actinomycetes as a source of farmer’s lung hay antigen. Lancet 283:607–611CrossRef

Pestalozzi C (1959) Febrile Gruppenerkrankungen in einer Modellschreinerei durch Inhalation von mit Schimmelpilzen kontaminierten Befeuchterwasser („Befeuchterfieber“). Schweiz Med Wschr 89:710–713PubMed

Pignatti P, Brunetti G, Moretto D (2006) Role of the chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR4 in human pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 173:310–317PubMedCrossRef

Quirce S, Vandenplas O, Campo P et al (2016) Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonitis: an EAACI position paper. Allergy 71:765–779PubMedCrossRef

Raghu G, Remy-Jardin M, Ryerson C et al (2020) Diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in adults. An official ATS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 202:e36–e69PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Ramirez-Venegas A, Sansores RH, Selman M et al (1998) Utility of a provocation test for diagnosis of chronic pigeon breeder’s disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 158:862–869PubMedCrossRef

Raulf M, Joest M, Sander I et al (2019) Update of reference values for IgG antibodies against typical antigens of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Data of a German multicenter study. Allergo J Int 28:52–63CrossRef

Reinert KU, Sybrecht GW (1994) T helper cell alveolitis after bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for superficial bladder tumor. J Urol 151:1634–1635PubMedCrossRef

Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Wallaert B et al (1993) Subacute and chronic bird breeder hypersensitivity pneumonitis: sequential evaluation with CT and correlation with lung function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage. Radiology 189:111–118PubMedCrossRef

Rittig AH, Hilberg O, Ibsen R et al (2019) A. Incidence, comorbidity and survival rate of hypersensitivity pneumonitis: a national population-based study. ERJ Open Res 5:00259–02018PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Rodriguez de Castro F, Carrillo T, Castillo R et al (1993) Relationships between characteristics of exposure to pigeon antigens. Clinical manifestations and humoral immune response. Chest 103:1059–1063PubMedCrossRef

Rylander R, Haglind P, Lundholm M et al (1987) Humidifier fever and endotoxin exposure. Clin Allergy 8:511–518CrossRef

Salisbury ML, Myers JL, Belloli EA et al (2017) Diagnosis and treatment of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonia: where we stand and where we need to go. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196:690–699PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Sansores R, Salas J, Chapela R (1990) Clubbing in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: its prevalence and possible prognostic role. Arch Intern Med 150:1849–1851PubMedCrossRef

Schaaf BM, Seitzer U, Pravica V, Aries SP, Zabel P (2001) Tumor necrosis factor-α – 308 promoter gene polymorphism and increased tumor necrosis factor serum bioactivity in farmer’s lung patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 163:379–382PubMedCrossRef

Schuyler M, Gott K, Cherne A (2000) Mediators of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Lab Clin Med 136:29–38CrossRef

Schwaiblmair M, Beinert T, Vogelmeier C et al (1997) Cardiopumonary exercise testing following hay exposure challenge in farmer’s lung. Eur Respir J 10:2360–2365PubMedCrossRef

Seifert SA, Von Essen S, Jacobitz K et al (2003) Organic dust toxic syndrome: a review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 41:185–193PubMedCrossRef

Selman M (1998) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. In: Schwarz MI, King TE Jr (Hrsg) Interstitial lung disease. Decker Inc, Hamilton, S 393–422

Selman M, Lacasse Y, Pardo A, Cormier Y (2010) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by fungi. Proc Am Thorac Soc 7:229–236PubMedCrossRef

Sennekamp J (2004a) Antibodies in the blood. In: Sennekamp J (Hrsg) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis/hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistel, München/Orlando, S 145–174

Sennekamp J (2004c) Blood analysis. In: Sennekamp J (Hrsg) Alveolitis/Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistel, München/Orlando, S 25–28

Sennekamp J (2004d) Clinical picture. In: Sennekamp J (Hrsg) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis/hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistel, München/Orlando, S 9–24

Sennekamp J, Müller-Wening D, Amthor M et al (2007) Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik der exogen-allergischen Alveolitis. Pneumologie 61:52–56PubMedCrossRef

Sennekamp J, Joest M, Sander I et al (2012) Farmer’s lung antigens in Germany. Pneumologie 66:297–301PubMedCrossRef

Shelton BG, Flanders WD, Morris GK (1999) Mycobacterium sp. as a possible cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in machine workers. Emerg Infect Dis 5:270–273PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Silva CI, Müller NL, Lynch DA et al (2008) Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: differentiation from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia by using thin-section CT. Radiology 246:288–297PubMedCrossRef

Simonian PL, Roark CL, Wehrmann F et al (2009) Th17-polarized immune response in a murine model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and lung fibrosis. J Immunol 182:657–665PubMedCrossRef

Singh S, Collins BF, Sharma BB et al (2017) Interstitial lung disease in India. Results of a prospective registry. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:801–813PubMedCrossRef

Smith RL, Alexander RF, Aranda CP (1993) Pulmonary granulomata: a complication of intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for superficial bladder carcinoma. Cancer 71:1846–1847PubMedCrossRef

Solaymani-Dodaran M, West J, Smith C, Hubbard R (2007) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: incidence and mortality in the general population. Q J Med 100:233–237CrossRef

Staines FH, Forman JAS (1961) A survey of “Farmer’s Lung”. J Coll Gen Pract 4:351–382PubMedPubMedCentral

Stanford CF, Hall G, Chivers A, Martin B, Nicholls DP, Evans J (1990) Farmer’s lung in Northern Ireland. Br J Ind Med 47:314–316PubMedPubMedCentral

Takemura T, Akashi T, Ohtani Y, Inase N, Yoshizawa Y (2008) Pathology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 14:440–454PubMedCrossRef

Tanaka H, Saikai T, Sugawara H (2002) Workplace-related chronic cough on a mushroom farm. Chest 122:1080–1085PubMedCrossRef

Terho EO, Heinonen OP, Lammi S (1987) Incidence of clinically confirmed farmer’s lung disease in Finland and its relation to metreological factors. Eur J Respir Dis 152(Suppl):47–56

Thomeer MJ, Costabel U, Rizzato G, Poletti V, Demedts M (2001) Comparison of registries of interstitial lung diseases in three European countries. Eur Respir J 32(Suppl):114S–118S

Tillie-Leblond I, Grenouillet F, Reboux G et al (2011) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and metalworking fluids contaminated by mycobacteria. Eur Respir J 37:640–647PubMedCrossRef

Trahan S, Hanak V, Ryu JH, Myers JL (2008) Role of surgical lung biopsy in separating chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia from usual interstitial pneumonia/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: analysis of 31 biopsies from 15 patients. Chest 134:126–132PubMedCrossRef

Tsutsui T, Miyazaki Y, Kuramochi J et al (2015) The amount of avian antigen in household dust predicts the prognosis of chronic bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Ann Am Thorac Soc 12:1013–1021PubMedCrossRef

Vasakova M, Morell F, Walsh S et al (2017) Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: perspectives in diagnosis and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 196:680–689PubMedCrossRef

Vogelmeier C, Baur X, Fruhmann G et al (1986) Kombinierte asthmatisch-alveolitische Reaktion nach Heustaub-Exposition. Internist 27:799–801

Vogelmeier C, Baur X, König G, Mauermayer R, Fruhmann G (1988) The hay dust exposure test in the diagnosis of farmer’s lung. Prax Klin Pneumol 42:749–752PubMed

Vohlonen I, Tupi K, Terho EO, Husman K (1988) Prevalance and incidence of chronic bronchitis and farmer’s lung with respect to the geographical location of the farm and to the work of farmers. Eur J Respir Dis 152(Suppl):37–46

Vourlekis JS, Schwarz MI, Cherniack RM et al (2004) The effect of pulmonary fibrosis on survival in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Am J Med 116:662–668PubMedCrossRef

Walsh SL, Sverzellati N, Devaraj A et al (2012) Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: high resolution computed tomography patterns and pulmonary function indices as prognostic determinants. Eur Radiol 22:1672–1679PubMedCrossRef

Walsh SLF, Wells AU, Desai SR et al (2016) Multicentre evaluation of multidisciplinary team meeting agreement on diagnosis in diffuse parenchymal lung disease: a case-cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 4:557–565PubMedCrossRef

Wang P, Jones KD, Urisman A et al (2017) Pathologic findings and prognosis in a large prospective cohort of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Chest 152:502–509PubMedCrossRef

Warren CPW (1977) Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: a disease commoner in non-smokers. Thorax 32:567–569PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Welker L, Jörres U, Costabel U et al (2004) Predictive value of BAL cell differentials in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 24:1000–1006PubMedCrossRef

Wells AU, Flaherty KR, Brown KK et al (2020) Nintedanib in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases diseases – subgroup analyses by interstitial lung disease diagnosis in the INBUILD trial: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Lancet Respir Med 8:453–460PubMedCrossRef

Yamaguchi E, Itoh A, Furuya K, Miyamoto H, Shosaku A, Kawakami Y (1993) Release of tumor necrosis factor alpha from human alveolar macrophages is decreased in smokers. Chest 103:479–483PubMedCrossRef

Titel: Exogen-allergische Alveolitis
verfasst von: Dirk Koschel
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Buch: Seltene Lungenerkrankungen
Print ISBN: 978-3-662-63650-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-662-63651-0

Copyright-Jahr: 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63651-0_14

Leitlinien kompakt für die Innere Medizin

Mit medbee Pocketcards sicher entscheiden.

^{Seit 2022 gehört die medbee GmbH zum Springer Medizin Verlag}

Kostenlos registrieren

Neu im Fachgebiet Innere Medizin

„Jeder Fall von plötzlichem Tod muss obduziert werden!“

17.05.2024 Plötzlicher Herztod Nachrichten

Ein signifikanter Anteil der Fälle von plötzlichem Herztod ist genetisch bedingt. Um ihre Verwandten vor diesem Schicksal zu bewahren, sollten jüngere Personen, die plötzlich unerwartet versterben, ausnahmslos einer Autopsie unterzogen werden.

Hirnblutung unter DOAK und VKA ähnlich bedrohlich

17.05.2024 Direkte orale Antikoagulanzien Nachrichten

Kommt es zu einer nichttraumatischen Hirnblutung, spielt es keine große Rolle, ob die Betroffenen zuvor direkt wirksame orale Antikoagulanzien oder Marcumar bekommen haben: Die Prognose ist ähnlich schlecht.

Schlechtere Vorhofflimmern-Prognose bei kleinem linken Ventrikel

17.05.2024 Vorhofflimmern Nachrichten

Nicht nur ein vergrößerter, sondern auch ein kleiner linker Ventrikel ist bei Vorhofflimmern mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate assoziiert. Der Zusammenhang besteht nach Daten aus China unabhängig von anderen Risikofaktoren.

Semaglutid bei Herzinsuffizienz: Wie erklärt sich die Wirksamkeit?

17.05.2024 Herzinsuffizienz Nachrichten

Bei adipösen Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz des HFpEF-Phänotyps ist Semaglutid von symptomatischem Nutzen. Resultiert dieser Benefit allein aus der Gewichtsreduktion oder auch aus spezifischen Effekten auf die Herzinsuffizienz-Pathogenese? Eine neue Analyse gibt Aufschluss.

Update Innere Medizin

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen