Introduction
Methods
Study population
Clinical and imaging data and definitions
Outcome data definitions
Sample collection and processing protocol
Statistical analysis
Results
Demographics
Clinical variables across groups
Variable | DCI | p value† | Functional outcomes at 3 months | p value† | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DCI (n = 14) | no-DCI (n = 46) | Poor (n = 16) | Good (n = 44) | |||
Age (years ± SD) | 52.4 ± 12.1 | 52.2 ± 13.4 | 0.96 | 60.7 ± 13.0 | 49.1 ± 11.8 | < 0.01 |
Sex, male | 1 (7.1) | 13 (28.3) | 0.15 | 5 (31.3) | 9 (20.5) | 0.38 |
Risk factors | ||||||
Hypertension | 8 (57.1) | 29 (63.0) | 0.69 | 12 (75.0) | 25 (56.8) | 0.20 |
Diabetes mellitus | 1 (7.1) | 6 (13.0) | 1.00 | 1 (6.3) | 6 (13.6) | 0.66 |
Current smoking | 5 (35.7) | 21 (45.7) | 0.51 | 6 (37.5) | 20 (45.5) | 0.58 |
Clinical exam on admission | ||||||
WFNS grade | 2 [1–4] | 2 [1–4] | 0.71 | 4 [2.5–4.5] | 1 [1–2] | < 0.01 |
LOC at ictus | 5 (35.1) | 18 (39.1) | 0.82 | 10 (62.5) | 13 (29.5) | 0.02 |
Radiographic findings | ||||||
Modified Fisher grade | 3 [3–3] | 3 [3–3] | 0.90 | 3 [3–4] | 3 [3–3] | 0.01 |
IVH | 7 (50.0) | 27 (58.1) | 0.57 | 11 (68.8) | 23 (52.3) | 0.26 |
Hydrocephalus | 8 (57.1) | 28 (60.9) | 0.80 | 13 (81.3) | 23 (52.3) | 0.04 |
Therapeutic intervention | ||||||
Coiling | 9 (64.3) | 31 (67.4) | 0.83 | 7 (77.8) | 33 (64.7) | 0.44 |
Cytokines associated with DCI and poor functional outcome
Variables | Multivariablea | Multivariableb | Multivariablec | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
DCI | ||||||
IP-10d (T1), per 10 pg/mL increase | 0.96 | 0.918–0.998 | 0.96 | 0.916–0.997 | 0.95 | 0.910–0.995 |
PDGF-ABBBd (T2), per 10 pg/mL increase | 1.02 | 1.004–1.029 | 1.02 | 1.004–1.029 | 1.02 | 1.005–1.030 |
CCL5 (T2)d, per 10 pg/mL increase | 1.01 | 1.003–1.019 | 1.01 | 1.003–1.019 | 1.01 | 1.003–1.019 |
CCL5d (T3), per 10 pg/mL increase | 1.01 | 1.003–1.022 | 1.01 | 1.002–1.022 | 1.01 | 1.002–1.023 |
MIP-1αd (T4), per 1 pg/mL increase | 0.65 | 0.443–0.943 | 0.65 | 0.447–0.950 | 0.64 | 0.421–0.958 |
Poor clinical outcome at 3 months | ||||||
IL-6 (T2)d, per 1 pg/mL increase | 1.13 | 1.020–1.262 | 1.13 | 1.018–1.257 | 1.04 | 0.940–1.152 |
MCP-1 (T4)d, per 10 pg/mL increase | 1.05 | 1.009–1.098 | 1.04 | 1.001–1.089 | 1.05 | 0.992–1.108 |