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Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie 1/2023

21.12.2022 | Intoxikationen | Leitthema

Hämoperfusion und Plasmapherese auf der Intensivstation

A bridge over troubled water?

verfasst von: Prof. Jan T. Kielstein

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 1/2023

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Zusammenfassung

Neben Nierenersatzverfahren werden auf der Intensivstation mehrere andere extrakorporale Verfahren eingesetzt. In den 1970er- bis 2000er-Jahren stand die Hämoperfusion mit Aktivkohlekapseln zur Entfernung von Toxinen im Vordergrund. Dies ist mittlerweile aufgrund der effektiven Dialyseverfahren, die im Vergiftungsfall auch stark proteingebundene Toxine entfernen, fast bedeutungslos geworden. Vor 10 Jahren erlebte ein Zytokinadsorber die Markteinführung, der darauf gerichtet ist, den „Zytokinsturm“ zu überstehen. Dieser erfreut sich trotz ernüchternder Daten aus prospektiven, randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien wachsender Beliebtheit. Ein gänzlich anderes Therapiekonzept ist der biomimetische Pathogenadsorber, der Bakterien, Viren und Pilze durch Bindung an immobilisiertes Heparin aus dem Blutstrom entfernt. Ob sich diese schnelle Reduktion der Pathogenlast in eine Verbesserung klinisch relevanter Endpunkte übersetzt, ist unklar, da hier prospektive, randomisierte und kontrollierte Studien gänzlich fehlen. Für ein sehr altes Verfahren, nämlich die Plasmapherese, werden wir für die Frühphase der Sepsis bis zum Jahr 2025/2026 Ergebnisse aus 2 großen randomisierten, kontrollierten Studien aus Europa und Kanada erhalten. Neben der Entfernung von Zytokinen erhofft man sich durch die Verwendung von Frischplasma als Austauschflüssigkeit auch das Wiederauffüllen reduzierter protektiver Faktoren wie Angiopoietin 1, ADAMTS13 („a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13“) und Protein C. Alle genannten Verfahren funktionieren nicht nur unterschiedlich, sondern werden auch zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten der Blutstrominfektion/Sepsis eingesetzt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Hämoperfusion und Plasmapherese auf der Intensivstation
A bridge over troubled water?
verfasst von
Prof. Jan T. Kielstein
Publikationsdatum
21.12.2022
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 1/2023
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-022-00620-8

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