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01.04.2011 | Leitthema

Normales Altern und seine Bildgebungskorrelate

verfasst von: Dr. L. Schuster, M. Essig, J. Schröder

Erschienen in: Die Radiologie | Ausgabe 4/2011

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Zusammenfassung

Die Bildgebung trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis normaler Alterungsprozesse im Gehirn bei. Die Kenntnis physiologischer Altersprozesse im Gehirn ist erforderlich, um frühzeitig morphologische, funktionelle und biochemische Veränderungen einer neurodegenerativen Erkrankung diagnostizieren zu können. Im Hinblick auf Alterungsprozesse bestehen große interindividuelle Unterschiede innerhalb der jeweiligen Alterskohorten. In der Regel geht die Hirnalterung mit einer Verschlechterung kognitiver Funktionen einher. Simultan nimmt das durchschnittliche Hirnvolumen, insbesondere des Frontallappens, mit zunehmendem Alter ab. Korrespondierend weist auch das frontostriatothalamische Fasernetz eine starke Vulnerabilität für eine altersassoziierte Degeneration auf. Als Folge des Alterns nimmt die Faserintegrität der weißen Substanz ab, was sich in einem Abfall der fraktionierten Anisotropie (FA) in der Diffusionstensorbildgebung („diffusion tensor imaging“, DTI) widerspiegelt, Zudem treten T2-hyperintense Signalalterationen im Marklager, so genannte „white matter lesions“ auf. Des Weiteren nehmen der zerebrale Blutfluss (CBF) und das zerebrale Blutvolumen (CBV) ab. Im Verlauf des Lebens findet ferner eine Akkumulation von Eisen im Gehirn, v. a. in den Basalganglien statt. In der ¹H-MR-Spektroskopie lässt sich im alternden Gehirn eine Abnahme der N-Acetyl-Aspartat- (NAA-)Konzentration als Korrelat eines verminderten neuronalen Metabolismus nachweisen.

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Titel: Normales Altern und seine Bildgebungskorrelate
verfasst von: Dr. L. Schuster
M. Essig
J. Schröder
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2011
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in: Die Radiologie / Ausgabe 4/2011
Print ISSN: 2731-7048
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7056
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-010-2093-7

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