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Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 3/2014

01.04.2014 | CME Zertifizierte Fortbildung

Operative gelenkerhaltende Therapie der Gonarthrose

verfasst von: Dr. S. Anders, J. Grifka, G. Heers

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie | Ausgabe 3/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Das Leitprinzip der operativen gelenkerhaltenden Therapie der Gonarthrose ist die Suche nach einem sicheren, gering invasiven, effizienten und letztlich kostengünstigen Therapieverfahren zum Erhalt oder zur Wiederherstellung der Gelenkintegrität. Eine umfassende Analyse und Behandlung gelenknaher und gelenkferner (Achsdeviationen) Pathologien ist Voraussetzung für den Behandlungserfolg. Die Vergleichbarkeit aktueller Literaturergebnisse über die operative Arthrosebehandlung wird limitiert durch die Divergenz der Indikationen, verwendeter Terminologien, der Technik der Therapieverfahren, der Inhomogenität des Patientenguts sowie der differenten Nachbehandlungs- und Kontrollschemata (Scores). Aussagekräftige prospektive, randomisierte doppelblinde Studien mit großen Fallzahlen sind mit hohem Aufwand bei Planung, Patientenrekrutierung und Durchführung verbunden; sie bleiben auch weiterhin rar. Die Langfristprognose ist abhängig vom Arthrosestadium zum Zeitpunkt der arthroskopischen Intervention: Operative Maßnahmen, wie z. B. Umstellungsosteotomien, können in frühen Stadien effizienter sein. Eine kurze Symptomdauer, eine mechanische Blockierung sowie geringgradige Knorpelschäden sind als prognostisch günstig einzustufen. Nur bei lokalisierten Knorpelschäden, die eine präarthrotische Kondition darstellen, können zellbasierte Knorpelreparaturtechniken sekundäre degenerative Veränderungen reduzieren. In Abhängigkeit von Defektgröße und Nachuntersuchungszeitraum haben sich dabei Vorteile einer autologen Chondrozytentransplantation gegenüber der Mikrofrakturierung finden lassen. Darüber hinaus haben der Erhalt oder Ersatz primärer Kniestabilisatoren wie des vorderen Kreuzbandes und des Meniskus einen bedeutenden Stellenwert zur sekundären Prävention. Eine „Eine-für-Alles-Therapie“ zur gelenkerhaltenden operativen Therapie der Gonarthrose fehlt.
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Metadaten
Titel
Operative gelenkerhaltende Therapie der Gonarthrose
verfasst von
Dr. S. Anders
J. Grifka
G. Heers
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie / Ausgabe 3/2014
Print ISSN: 0340-1855
Elektronische ISSN: 1435-1250
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-013-1319-2

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