Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie 3/2020

16.04.2020 | Typ-2-Diabetes | DDG Praxisempfehlungen

Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes

verfasst von: Rüdiger Landgraf, Jens Aberle, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Baptist Gallwitz, Monika Kellerer, Harald Klein, Dirk Müller-Wieland, Michael A. Nauck, Hans-Martin Reuter, Erhard Siegel

Erschienen in: Die Diabetologie | Ausgabe 3/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Auszug

Download Auf der Webseite der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft (https://​www.​deutsche-diabetes-gesellschaft.​de/​ueber-uns.​html) befinden sich unter „Leitlinien > Praxisempfehlungen“ alle PDFs zum kostenlosen Download. …
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM et al (2009) Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 120:1640–1645PubMed Alberti KGMM, Eckel RH, Grundy SM et al (2009) Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome. Circulation 120:1640–1645PubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Heinemann L, Kaiser P, Freckmann G et al (2018) HbA1c-Messung in Deutschland: Ist die Qualität ausreichend für Verlaufskontrolle und Diagnose? Diabetol Stoffwechs 13:46–53 Heinemann L, Kaiser P, Freckmann G et al (2018) HbA1c-Messung in Deutschland: Ist die Qualität ausreichend für Verlaufskontrolle und Diagnose? Diabetol Stoffwechs 13:46–53
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Petersmann A, Müller-Wieland D, Müller UA et al (2019) Definition, Klassifikation und Diagnostik des Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Stoffwechs 14(Suppl 02):S111–S117 Petersmann A, Müller-Wieland D, Müller UA et al (2019) Definition, Klassifikation und Diagnostik des Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Stoffwechs 14(Suppl 02):S111–S117
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Landgraf R, Nauck M, Freckmann G et al (2018) Fallstricke bei der Diabetesdiagnostik: Wird zu lax mit Laborwerten umgegangen? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 143:1549–1555PubMed Landgraf R, Nauck M, Freckmann G et al (2018) Fallstricke bei der Diabetesdiagnostik: Wird zu lax mit Laborwerten umgegangen? Dtsch Med Wochenschr 143:1549–1555PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang R, Song Y, Yan Y et al (2016) Elevated serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in people with suspected or definite coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 254:193–199PubMed Wang R, Song Y, Yan Y et al (2016) Elevated serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in people with suspected or definite coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 254:193–199PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Parhofer KG, Birkenfeld AL, Krone W, Lehrke M, Marx N, Merkel M, Schütt KS, Zirlik A, Müller-Wieland D (2019) Positionspapier zur Lipidtherapie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Stoffwechs 14(Suppl 2):S226–S231 Parhofer KG, Birkenfeld AL, Krone W, Lehrke M, Marx N, Merkel M, Schütt KS, Zirlik A, Müller-Wieland D (2019) Positionspapier zur Lipidtherapie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Stoffwechs 14(Suppl 2):S226–S231
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A, Kahan T, Mahfoud F, Redon J, Ruilope L, Zanchetti A, Kerins M, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Laurent S, Lip GYH, McManus R, Narkiewicz K, Ruschitzka F, Schmieder RE, Shlyakhto E, Tsioufis C, Aboyans V, Desormais I (2018) 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J 39(33):3021–3104. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339 CrossRefPubMed Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A, Kahan T, Mahfoud F, Redon J, Ruilope L, Zanchetti A, Kerins M, Kjeldsen SE, Kreutz R, Laurent S, Lip GYH, McManus R, Narkiewicz K, Ruschitzka F, Schmieder RE, Shlyakhto E, Tsioufis C, Aboyans V, Desormais I (2018) 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Eur Heart J 39(33):3021–3104. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehy339 CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Forouhi NG, Misra A, Mohan V et al (2018) Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. BMJ 361:k2234PubMedPubMedCentral Forouhi NG, Misra A, Mohan V et al (2018) Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. BMJ 361:k2234PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Serra-Majem L, Román-Viñas B, Sanchez-Villegas A et al (2019) Benefits of the Mediterranean diet: epidemiological and molecular aspects. Mol Aspects Med 67:1–55PubMed Serra-Majem L, Román-Viñas B, Sanchez-Villegas A et al (2019) Benefits of the Mediterranean diet: epidemiological and molecular aspects. Mol Aspects Med 67:1–55PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD et al (2019) Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care 42(05):731–754PubMedPubMedCentral Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD et al (2019) Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care 42(05):731–754PubMedPubMedCentral
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Kempf K, Altpeter B, Berger J et al (2017) Efficacy of the telemedical lifestyle intervention program TeLiPro in advanced stages of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 40(07):863–871PubMed Kempf K, Altpeter B, Berger J et al (2017) Efficacy of the telemedical lifestyle intervention program TeLiPro in advanced stages of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 40(07):863–871PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Lean MEJ, Leslie WS, Barnes AC et al (2018) Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, clusterrandomised trial. Lancet 391:541–551PubMed Lean MEJ, Leslie WS, Barnes AC et al (2018) Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, clusterrandomised trial. Lancet 391:541–551PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat AWMF (2014) Adipositas – Prävention und Therapie. AWMF Register Nr. 050-001. AWMF (2014) Adipositas – Prävention und Therapie. AWMF Register Nr. 050-001.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Lawall H, Huppert P, Rümenapf G et al (2015) Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK), Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge. AWMF Register Nr. 065-003 Lawall H, Huppert P, Rümenapf G et al (2015) Periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK), Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge. AWMF Register Nr. 065-003
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Bundesärztekammer, Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (2016) Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Neuropathie bei Diabetes im Erwachsenenalter Bundesärztekammer, Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (2016) Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Neuropathie bei Diabetes im Erwachsenenalter
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Roeb E, Steffen HM, Bantel H et al (2015) S2k Leitlinie: Nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankungen. AWMF Register Nr. 021-025 Roeb E, Steffen HM, Bantel H et al (2015) S2k Leitlinie: Nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankungen. AWMF Register Nr. 021-025
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Piercy KL, Richard P, Troiano RP et al (2018) The physical activity guidelines for Americans. JAMA 320(19):2020–2028PubMed Piercy KL, Richard P, Troiano RP et al (2018) The physical activity guidelines for Americans. JAMA 320(19):2020–2028PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat The Look AHEAD Research Group (2013) Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369:145–154PubMedCentral The Look AHEAD Research Group (2013) Cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369:145–154PubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Unick JL, Gaussoin SA, Hill JO et al (2017) Objectively assessed physical activity and weight loss maintenance among individuals enrolled in a lifestyle intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25(11):1903–1909 Unick JL, Gaussoin SA, Hill JO et al (2017) Objectively assessed physical activity and weight loss maintenance among individuals enrolled in a lifestyle intervention. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25(11):1903–1909
28.
Zurück zum Zitat The Look AHEAD Research Group (2016) Association of the magnitude of weight loss and changes in physical fitness with long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes in overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD randomized clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:913–921 The Look AHEAD Research Group (2016) Association of the magnitude of weight loss and changes in physical fitness with long-term cardiovascular disease outcomes in overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD randomized clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 4:913–921
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Gregg EW, Lin J, Bardenheier B et al (2018) Impact of intensive lifestyle intervention on disability-free life expectancy: The Look AHEAD Study. Diabetes Care 41:1040–1048PubMedPubMedCentral Gregg EW, Lin J, Bardenheier B et al (2018) Impact of intensive lifestyle intervention on disability-free life expectancy: The Look AHEAD Study. Diabetes Care 41:1040–1048PubMedPubMedCentral
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang D, Yang Y, Li Y et al (2019) Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: from mechanism to orientation. Ann Nutr Metab 74(04):313–321PubMed Yang D, Yang Y, Li Y et al (2019) Physical exercise as therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: from mechanism to orientation. Ann Nutr Metab 74(04):313–321PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Tarp J, Støle AP, Blond K et al (2019) Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 62:1129–1142PubMedPubMedCentral Tarp J, Støle AP, Blond K et al (2019) Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia 62:1129–1142PubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Ye W, Chen Q et al (2019) Resistance exercise intensity is correlated with attenuation of HbA1c and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(01):E140PubMed Liu Y, Ye W, Chen Q et al (2019) Resistance exercise intensity is correlated with attenuation of HbA1c and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16(01):E140PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Pan A, Yeli Wang Y, Talaei M et al (2015) Relation of active, passive, and quitting smoking with incident diabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3(12):958–996PubMedPubMedCentral Pan A, Yeli Wang Y, Talaei M et al (2015) Relation of active, passive, and quitting smoking with incident diabetes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3(12):958–996PubMedPubMedCentral
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Lazarus B, Wu A, Shin JI et al (2018) Association of metformin use with risk of lactic acidosis across the range of kidney function. A community-based cohort tudy. JAMA Intern Med 178(07):903–910PubMedPubMedCentral Lazarus B, Wu A, Shin JI et al (2018) Association of metformin use with risk of lactic acidosis across the range of kidney function. A community-based cohort tudy. JAMA Intern Med 178(07):903–910PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Griffin SJ, Leaver JK, Irving GJ et al (2017) Impact of metformin on cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised trails among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 60:1620–1629PubMedPubMedCentral Griffin SJ, Leaver JK, Irving GJ et al (2017) Impact of metformin on cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised trails among people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 60:1620–1629PubMedPubMedCentral
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Palmer SC, Mavridis D, Nicolucci A et al (2016) Comparison of clinical outcomes and adverse events associated with glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis. JAMA 316(03):313–324PubMed Palmer SC, Mavridis D, Nicolucci A et al (2016) Comparison of clinical outcomes and adverse events associated with glucose-lowering drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes. A meta-analysis. JAMA 316(03):313–324PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Madsen KS, Kähler P, Kähler LKA et al (2019) Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD12368PubMed Madsen KS, Kähler P, Kähler LKA et al (2019) Metformin and second- or third-generation sulphonylurea combination therapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD12368PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Mallik R, Chowdhury TA (2018) Metformin in cancer. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 143:409–419PubMed Mallik R, Chowdhury TA (2018) Metformin in cancer. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 143:409–419PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Feng Z, Zhou X, Liu N et al (2019) Metformin use and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 98(12):e14955 Feng Z, Zhou X, Liu N et al (2019) Metformin use and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 98(12):e14955
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Marx N, Rosenstock J, Kahn SE et al (2015) Design and baseline characteristics of the CARdiovascular Outcome Trial of LINAgliptin versus glimepiride in type 2 diabetes (CAROLINA®). Diab Vasc Dis Res 12(03):164–174PubMed Marx N, Rosenstock J, Kahn SE et al (2015) Design and baseline characteristics of the CARdiovascular Outcome Trial of LINAgliptin versus glimepiride in type 2 diabetes (CAROLINA®). Diab Vasc Dis Res 12(03):164–174PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Rados DV, Pinto LC, Remonti LR et al (2016) The association between sulfonylurea use and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS Med 13(06):e1002091PubMedPubMedCentral Rados DV, Pinto LC, Remonti LR et al (2016) The association between sulfonylurea use and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials. PLoS Med 13(06):e1002091PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Azoulay L, Suissa S (2017) Sulfonylureas and the risks of cardiovascular events and death: a methodological meta-regression analysis of the observational studies. Diabetes Care 40:706–714PubMed Azoulay L, Suissa S (2017) Sulfonylureas and the risks of cardiovascular events and death: a methodological meta-regression analysis of the observational studies. Diabetes Care 40:706–714PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Bain S, Druyts E, Balijepalli C et al (2017) Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality associated with sulphonylureas compared with other antihyperglycaemic drugs: a Bayesian meta-analysis of survival data. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(03):329–335PubMed Bain S, Druyts E, Balijepalli C et al (2017) Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality associated with sulphonylureas compared with other antihyperglycaemic drugs: a Bayesian meta-analysis of survival data. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(03):329–335PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhuang XD, He X, Yang DY et al (2018) Comparative cardiovascular outcomes in the era of novel anti-diabetic agents: a comprehensive network metaanalysis of 166371 participants from 170 randomized controlled trials. Cardiovasc Diabetol 17(01):79PubMedPubMedCentral Zhuang XD, He X, Yang DY et al (2018) Comparative cardiovascular outcomes in the era of novel anti-diabetic agents: a comprehensive network metaanalysis of 166371 participants from 170 randomized controlled trials. Cardiovasc Diabetol 17(01):79PubMedPubMedCentral
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Powell WR, Christiansen CL, Miller DR (2018) Meta-analysis of sulfonylurea therapy on long-term risk of mortality and cardiovascular events compared to other oral glucose-lowering treatments. Diabetes Ther 9(04):1431–1440PubMedPubMedCentral Powell WR, Christiansen CL, Miller DR (2018) Meta-analysis of sulfonylurea therapy on long-term risk of mortality and cardiovascular events compared to other oral glucose-lowering treatments. Diabetes Ther 9(04):1431–1440PubMedPubMedCentral
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Simpson SH, Lee J, Choi S et al (2015) Mortality risk among sulfonylureas: ansystematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3(01):43–51PubMed Simpson SH, Lee J, Choi S et al (2015) Mortality risk among sulfonylureas: ansystematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 3(01):43–51PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemmingsen B, Schroll JB, Lund SS et al (2013) Sulphonylurea monotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD9008 Hemmingsen B, Schroll JB, Lund SS et al (2013) Sulphonylurea monotherapy for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD9008
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Hemmingsen B, Schroll JB, Jorn Wetterslev J et al (2014) Sulfonylurea versus metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and trial sequential analysis. CMAJ Open 2(03):E162–E175PubMedPubMedCentral Hemmingsen B, Schroll JB, Jorn Wetterslev J et al (2014) Sulfonylurea versus metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials and trial sequential analysis. CMAJ Open 2(03):E162–E175PubMedPubMedCentral
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen K, Kang D, Yu M et al (2018) Direct head-to-head comparison of glycaemic durability of dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of long-term randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1029–1033PubMed Chen K, Kang D, Yu M et al (2018) Direct head-to-head comparison of glycaemic durability of dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and sulphonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of long-term randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1029–1033PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E et al (2013) Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 369(14):1317–1326PubMed Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E et al (2013) Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 369(14):1317–1326PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR et al (2013) Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369(14):1327–1335PubMed White WB, Cannon CP, Heller SR et al (2013) Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 369(14):1327–1335PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW et al (2015) Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373(03):232–242PubMed Green JB, Bethel MA, Armstrong PW et al (2015) Effect of sitagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373(03):232–242PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenstock J, Perkovic V, Johansen OE et al (2019) Effect of linagliptin vs placebo on major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular and renal risk: the CARMELINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA 321(01):69–79PubMed Rosenstock J, Perkovic V, Johansen OE et al (2019) Effect of linagliptin vs placebo on major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular and renal risk: the CARMELINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA 321(01):69–79PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Monami M, Ahrén B, Dicembrini I et al (2013) Dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 15:112–120PubMed Monami M, Ahrén B, Dicembrini I et al (2013) Dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 15:112–120PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Xu S, Zhang X, Tang L et al (2017) Cardiovascular effects of dipeptidylpeptidase‑4 inhibitor in diabetic patients with and without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Postgrad Med 129:205–215PubMed Xu S, Zhang X, Tang L et al (2017) Cardiovascular effects of dipeptidylpeptidase‑4 inhibitor in diabetic patients with and without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Postgrad Med 129:205–215PubMed
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng SL, Roddick AJ, Aghar-Jaffar R et al (2018) Association between use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 319(15):1580–1591PubMedPubMedCentral Zheng SL, Roddick AJ, Aghar-Jaffar R et al (2018) Association between use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 319(15):1580–1591PubMedPubMedCentral
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Ling J, Cheng P, Ge L et al (2019) The efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of 58 randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 56:249–272PubMed Ling J, Cheng P, Ge L et al (2019) The efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: a Bayesian network meta-analysis of 58 randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 56:249–272PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Li L, Li S, Deng K et al (2016) Dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies. BMJ 352:i610PubMedPubMedCentral Li L, Li S, Deng K et al (2016) Dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and observational studies. BMJ 352:i610PubMedPubMedCentral
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Guo WQ, Li L, Su Q et al (2017) Effect of dipeptidylpeptidase‑4 inhibitors on heart failure: a network meta-analysis. Value Health 20:1427–1430PubMed Guo WQ, Li L, Su Q et al (2017) Effect of dipeptidylpeptidase‑4 inhibitors on heart failure: a network meta-analysis. Value Health 20:1427–1430PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Nauck MA, Meier JJ, Cavender MA et al (2017) Cardiovascular actions and clinical outcomes with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors. Circulation 136(09):849–870PubMed Nauck MA, Meier JJ, Cavender MA et al (2017) Cardiovascular actions and clinical outcomes with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors. Circulation 136(09):849–870PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Tkáč I, Raz I (2017) Combined analysis of three large interventional trials with gliptins indicates increased incidence of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 40:284–286PubMed Tkáč I, Raz I (2017) Combined analysis of three large interventional trials with gliptins indicates increased incidence of acute pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 40:284–286PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Abrahami D, Douros A, Yin H et al (2018) Dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study. BMJ 360:k872PubMedPubMedCentral Abrahami D, Douros A, Yin H et al (2018) Dipeptidyl peptidase‑4 inhibitors and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study. BMJ 360:k872PubMedPubMedCentral
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Li G, Crowley MJ, Tang H et al (2019) Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and risk of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 42(07):e119–e121PubMedPubMedCentral Li G, Crowley MJ, Tang H et al (2019) Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and risk of inflammatory bowel disease among patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 42(07):e119–e121PubMedPubMedCentral
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Storgaard H, Gluud LL, Bennett C et al (2016) Benefits and harms of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 11(11):e166125PubMedPubMedCentral Storgaard H, Gluud LL, Bennett C et al (2016) Benefits and harms of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 11(11):e166125PubMedPubMedCentral
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Monami M, Liistro F, Scatena A et al (2018) Short and medium-term efficacy of sodium glucose co-transporter‑2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 20(05):1213–1222PubMed Monami M, Liistro F, Scatena A et al (2018) Short and medium-term efficacy of sodium glucose co-transporter‑2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 20(05):1213–1222PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Usman MS, Siddiqi TJ, Memon MM et al (2018) Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 25(05):495–502PubMed Usman MS, Siddiqi TJ, Memon MM et al (2018) Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol 25(05):495–502PubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Mishriky BM, Tanenberg RJ, Sewell KA et al (2018) Comparing SGLT‑2 inhibitors to DPP‑4 inhibitors as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab 44(02):112–120PubMed Mishriky BM, Tanenberg RJ, Sewell KA et al (2018) Comparing SGLT‑2 inhibitors to DPP‑4 inhibitors as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab 44(02):112–120PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Seidu S, Kunutsor SK, Cos X et al (2018) SGLT2 inhibitors and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes with or without renal impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prim Care Diabetes 12(03):265–283PubMed Seidu S, Kunutsor SK, Cos X et al (2018) SGLT2 inhibitors and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes with or without renal impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prim Care Diabetes 12(03):265–283PubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Rådholm K, Wu JH, Wong MG et al (2018) Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter‑2 inhibitors on cardiovascular disease, death and safety outcomes in type 2 diabetes—a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 140:118–128PubMed Rådholm K, Wu JH, Wong MG et al (2018) Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter‑2 inhibitors on cardiovascular disease, death and safety outcomes in type 2 diabetes—a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 140:118–128PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Sinha B, Ghosal S (2019) Meta-analyses of the effects of DPP‑4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor analogues on cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and hospitalization for heart failure. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 150:8–16PubMed Sinha B, Ghosal S (2019) Meta-analyses of the effects of DPP‑4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor analogues on cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke and hospitalization for heart failure. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 150:8–16PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Puckrin R, Saltiel MP, Reynier P et al (2018) SGLT‑2 inhibitors and the risk of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 55(05):503–514PubMed Puckrin R, Saltiel MP, Reynier P et al (2018) SGLT‑2 inhibitors and the risk of infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 55(05):503–514PubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Aronson R, Frias J, Goldman A et al (2018) Long-term efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin monotherapy in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM despite diet and exercise: VERTIS MONO extension study. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1453–1460PubMedPubMedCentral Aronson R, Frias J, Goldman A et al (2018) Long-term efficacy and safety of ertugliflozin monotherapy in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM despite diet and exercise: VERTIS MONO extension study. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1453–1460PubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Pratley RE, Eldor R, Raji A et al (2018) Ertugliflozin plus sitagliptin versus either individual agent over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin: the VERTIS FACTORIAL randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1111–1120PubMedPubMedCentral Pratley RE, Eldor R, Raji A et al (2018) Ertugliflozin plus sitagliptin versus either individual agent over 52 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin: the VERTIS FACTORIAL randomized trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1111–1120PubMedPubMedCentral
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Fralick M, Schneeweiss S, Patorno E (2017) Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis after initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor. N Engl J Med 376:2300–2303PubMed Fralick M, Schneeweiss S, Patorno E (2017) Risk of diabetic ketoacidosis after initiation of an SGLT2 inhibitor. N Engl J Med 376:2300–2303PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Monami M, Nreu B, Zannoni S et al (2017) Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on diabetic ketoacidosis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 130:53–60PubMed Monami M, Nreu B, Zannoni S et al (2017) Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on diabetic ketoacidosis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 130:53–60PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Fadini GP, Bonora BM, Avogaro A (2017) SGLT2 inhibitors and diabetic ketoacidosis: data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Diabetologia 60:1385–1389PubMed Fadini GP, Bonora BM, Avogaro A (2017) SGLT2 inhibitors and diabetic ketoacidosis: data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Diabetologia 60:1385–1389PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Donnan K, Segar L (2019) SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin: dual antihyperglycemic therapy and the risk of metabolic acidosis in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 846:23–29PubMedPubMedCentral Donnan K, Segar L (2019) SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin: dual antihyperglycemic therapy and the risk of metabolic acidosis in type 2 diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 846:23–29PubMedPubMedCentral
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM et al (2015) Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373:2117–2128PubMed Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM et al (2015) Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 373:2117–2128PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Zinman B (2016) Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:323–334PubMed Wanner C, Inzucchi SE, Zinman B (2016) Empagliflozin and progression of kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:323–334PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Cherney DZI, Zinman B, Inzucchi SE et al (2017) Effects of empagliflozin on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: an exploratory analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5:610–621PubMed Cherney DZI, Zinman B, Inzucchi SE et al (2017) Effects of empagliflozin on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease: an exploratory analysis from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5:610–621PubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Sattar N, McLaren J, Kristensen SL et al (2016) SGLT2 inhibition and cardiovascular events: Why did EMPA-REG outcomes surprise and what were the likely mechanisms? Diabetologia 59:1333–1339PubMedPubMedCentral Sattar N, McLaren J, Kristensen SL et al (2016) SGLT2 inhibition and cardiovascular events: Why did EMPA-REG outcomes surprise and what were the likely mechanisms? Diabetologia 59:1333–1339PubMedPubMedCentral
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferrannini E, Mark M, Mayoux E et al (2016) CV protection in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial: a “thrifty substrate” hypothesis. Diabetes Care 39:1108–1114PubMed Ferrannini E, Mark M, Mayoux E et al (2016) CV protection in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial: a “thrifty substrate” hypothesis. Diabetes Care 39:1108–1114PubMed
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW et al (2017) CANVAS program collaborative group canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:644–657PubMed Neal B, Perkovic V, Mahaffey KW et al (2017) CANVAS program collaborative group canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:644–657PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal N et al (2019) Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 380:2295–2306PubMed Perkovic V, Jardine MJ, Neal N et al (2019) Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 380:2295–2306PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP et al (2019) Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 380(04):347–357PubMed Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP et al (2019) Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 380(04):347–357PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, Cahn A et al (2019) Effects of dapagliflozin on development and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 7(08):606–617PubMed Mosenzon O, Wiviott SD, Cahn A et al (2019) Effects of dapagliflozin on development and progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: an analysis from the DECLARE-TIMI 58 randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 7(08):606–617PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Furtado RHM, Bonaca MP, Raz I (2019) Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and previous myocardial infarction. Circulation 139(22):2516–2527PubMed Furtado RHM, Bonaca MP, Raz I (2019) Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and previous myocardial infarction. Circulation 139(22):2516–2527PubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Kato ET, Silverman MG, Mosenzon O et al (2019) Effect of dapagliflozin on heart failure and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 139(22):2528–2536PubMed Kato ET, Silverman MG, Mosenzon O et al (2019) Effect of dapagliflozin on heart failure and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 139(22):2528–2536PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Scheen AJ (2018) Does lower limb amputation concern all SGLT2 inhibitors? Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(06):326–328PubMed Scheen AJ (2018) Does lower limb amputation concern all SGLT2 inhibitors? Nat Rev Endocrinol 14(06):326–328PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Inzucchi SE, Iliev H, Pfarr E et al (2018) Empagliflozin and assessment of lower limb amputations in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Diabetes Care 41:e4–e5PubMed Inzucchi SE, Iliev H, Pfarr E et al (2018) Empagliflozin and assessment of lower limb amputations in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial. Diabetes Care 41:e4–e5PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Kohler S, Kaspers S, Salsali A et al (2018) Analysis of fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin in pooled data from placebo-controlled trials and a head-to-head study versus glimepiride. Diabetes Care 41(08):1809–1816PubMed Kohler S, Kaspers S, Salsali A et al (2018) Analysis of fractures in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin in pooled data from placebo-controlled trials and a head-to-head study versus glimepiride. Diabetes Care 41(08):1809–1816PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Tang HL, Li DD, Zhang JJ et al (2016) Lack of evidence for a harmful effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on fracture risk among type 2 diabetes patients: a network and cumulative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 18(12):1199–1206PubMed Tang HL, Li DD, Zhang JJ et al (2016) Lack of evidence for a harmful effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on fracture risk among type 2 diabetes patients: a network and cumulative meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 18(12):1199–1206PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Levin PA, Nguyen H, Wittbrodt ET et al (2017) Glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness research. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 10:123–139PubMedPubMedCentral Levin PA, Nguyen H, Wittbrodt ET et al (2017) Glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists: a systematic review of comparative effectiveness research. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 10:123–139PubMedPubMedCentral
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K et al (2016) Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:311–322PubMedPubMedCentral Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K et al (2016) Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375:311–322PubMedPubMedCentral
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma S, Bhatt DL, Bain SC et al (2018) Effect of liraglutide on cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and polyvascular disease. Circulation 137(20):2179–2183PubMed Verma S, Bhatt DL, Bain SC et al (2018) Effect of liraglutide on cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and polyvascular disease. Circulation 137(20):2179–2183PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Marso SP, Nauck MA, Monk Fries T et al (2018) Myocardial infarction subtypes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of liraglutide therapy (from the LEADER trial). Am J Cardiol 121:1467–1470PubMed Marso SP, Nauck MA, Monk Fries T et al (2018) Myocardial infarction subtypes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the effect of liraglutide therapy (from the LEADER trial). Am J Cardiol 121:1467–1470PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Buse JB (2017) Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:839–848PubMed Mann JFE, Ørsted DD, Buse JB (2017) Liraglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377:839–848PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu J, Li L, Deng K et al (2017) Incretin based treatments and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 357:j2499PubMedPubMedCentral Liu J, Li L, Deng K et al (2017) Incretin based treatments and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 357:j2499PubMedPubMedCentral
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR et al (2019) Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 394:121–130PubMed Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR et al (2019) Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 394:121–130PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR et al (2019) Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 394:131–138PubMed Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR et al (2019) Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 394:131–138PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Home PD, Ahrén B, Reusch JEB et al (2017) Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: longterm efficacy with or without rescue therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 131:49–60PubMed Home PD, Ahrén B, Reusch JEB et al (2017) Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus: longterm efficacy with or without rescue therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 131:49–60PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahrén B, Carr MC, Murphy K et al (2017) Albiglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an integrated safety analysis of the HARMONY phase 3 trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 126:230–239PubMed Ahrén B, Carr MC, Murphy K et al (2017) Albiglutide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: an integrated safety analysis of the HARMONY phase 3 trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 126:230–239PubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S et al (2018) Harmony Outcomes committees and investigators. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 392:1519–1529PubMed Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S et al (2018) Harmony Outcomes committees and investigators. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 392:1519–1529PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ et al (2017) Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377(13):1228–1239PubMed Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ et al (2017) Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377(13):1228–1239PubMed
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Bethel MA, Patel RA, Merrill P et al (2018) Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 6:105–113PubMed Bethel MA, Patel RA, Merrill P et al (2018) Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 6:105–113PubMed
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A et al (2016) Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375(19):1834–1844PubMed Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A et al (2016) Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375(19):1834–1844PubMed
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Leiter LA, Bain SC, Hramiak I et al (2019) Cardiovascular risk reduction with once-weekly semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of gender, age, and baseline CV risk profile in the SUSTAIN 6 trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 18:73PubMedPubMedCentral Leiter LA, Bain SC, Hramiak I et al (2019) Cardiovascular risk reduction with once-weekly semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a post hoc analysis of gender, age, and baseline CV risk profile in the SUSTAIN 6 trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 18:73PubMedPubMedCentral
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M et al (2019) Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 381:841–851PubMed Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M et al (2019) Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 381:841–851PubMed
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Dicembrini I, Nreu B, Scatena A et al (2017) Microvascular effects of glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 54:933–941PubMed Dicembrini I, Nreu B, Scatena A et al (2017) Microvascular effects of glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 54:933–941PubMed
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Vilsbøll T, Bain SC, Leiter LA et al (2018) Semaglutide, reduction in glycated haemoglobin and the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:889–897PubMedPubMedCentral Vilsbøll T, Bain SC, Leiter LA et al (2018) Semaglutide, reduction in glycated haemoglobin and the risk of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:889–897PubMedPubMedCentral
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Monami M, Nreu B, Scatena A et al (2017) Safety issues with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and cholelithiasis): data from randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(09):1233–1241PubMed Monami M, Nreu B, Scatena A et al (2017) Safety issues with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists (pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer and cholelithiasis): data from randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(09):1233–1241PubMed
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Nauck MA, Meier JJ, Schmidt WE (2017) Incretin-based glucose-lowering medications and the risk of acute pancreatitis and/or pancreatic cancer: reassuring data from cardio-vascular outcome trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(09):1327–1328PubMed Nauck MA, Meier JJ, Schmidt WE (2017) Incretin-based glucose-lowering medications and the risk of acute pancreatitis and/or pancreatic cancer: reassuring data from cardio-vascular outcome trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(09):1327–1328PubMed
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Azoulay L, Filion KB, Platt RW et al (2016) Association between incretin-based drugs and the risk of acute pancreatitis. JAMA Intern Med 176(10):1464–1473PubMed Azoulay L, Filion KB, Platt RW et al (2016) Association between incretin-based drugs and the risk of acute pancreatitis. JAMA Intern Med 176(10):1464–1473PubMed
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang T, Wang F, Gou Z et al (2015) Using real-world data to evaluate the association of incretin-based therapies with risk of acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of 1324515 patients from observational studies. Diabetes Obes Metab 17:32–41PubMed Wang T, Wang F, Gou Z et al (2015) Using real-world data to evaluate the association of incretin-based therapies with risk of acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis of 1324515 patients from observational studies. Diabetes Obes Metab 17:32–41PubMed
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Russell-Jones D, Pouwer F, Khunti K (2018) Identification of barriers to insulin therapy and approaches to overcoming them. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:488–496PubMed Russell-Jones D, Pouwer F, Khunti K (2018) Identification of barriers to insulin therapy and approaches to overcoming them. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:488–496PubMed
129.
Zurück zum Zitat DEVOTE Study Group, Piatti P, Monti L (2017) Efficacy and safety of degludec versus glargine in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377(08):723–732 DEVOTE Study Group, Piatti P, Monti L (2017) Efficacy and safety of degludec versus glargine in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 377(08):723–732
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Pieber TR, Marso SP, McGuire DK et al (2018) DEVOTE 3: temporal relationships between severe hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes andmortality. Diabetologia 61:58–65PubMed Pieber TR, Marso SP, McGuire DK et al (2018) DEVOTE 3: temporal relationships between severe hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular outcomes andmortality. Diabetologia 61:58–65PubMed
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Lau IT, Lee KF, So WY et al (2017) Insulin glargine 300 U/mL for basal insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 10:273–284PubMedPubMedCentral Lau IT, Lee KF, So WY et al (2017) Insulin glargine 300 U/mL for basal insulin therapy in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 10:273–284PubMedPubMedCentral
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Ritzel R, Roussel R, Giaccari A et al (2018) Better glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300 U/mL vs glargine 100 U/mL: 1‑year patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION clinical studies in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:541–548PubMed Ritzel R, Roussel R, Giaccari A et al (2018) Better glycaemic control and less hypoglycaemia with insulin glargine 300 U/mL vs glargine 100 U/mL: 1‑year patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION clinical studies in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:541–548PubMed
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonadonna RC, Renard E, Cheng A et al (2018) Switching to insulin glargine 300 U/mL: Is duration of prior basal insulin therapy important? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 142:19–25PubMed Bonadonna RC, Renard E, Cheng A et al (2018) Switching to insulin glargine 300 U/mL: Is duration of prior basal insulin therapy important? Diabetes Res Clin Pract 142:19–25PubMed
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Linnebjerg H, Lam EC, Seger ME et al (2015) Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LY2963 016 insulin glargine and EU- and US-approved versions of Lantus insulin glargine in healthy subjects: three randomized euglycemic clamp studies. Diabetes Care 38:2226–2233PubMed Linnebjerg H, Lam EC, Seger ME et al (2015) Comparison of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LY2963 016 insulin glargine and EU- and US-approved versions of Lantus insulin glargine in healthy subjects: three randomized euglycemic clamp studies. Diabetes Care 38:2226–2233PubMed
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenstock J, Hollander P, Bhargava A et al (2015) Similar efficacy and safety of LY2963 016 insulin glargine and insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 2 diabetes who were insulin-naïve or previously treated with insulin glargine: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial (ELEMENT 2 study). Diabetes Obes Metab 17:734–741PubMed Rosenstock J, Hollander P, Bhargava A et al (2015) Similar efficacy and safety of LY2963 016 insulin glargine and insulin glargine (Lantus®) in patients with type 2 diabetes who were insulin-naïve or previously treated with insulin glargine: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial (ELEMENT 2 study). Diabetes Obes Metab 17:734–741PubMed
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamada T, Kamata R, Ishinohachi K et al (2018) Biosimilar vs originator insulins: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1787–1792PubMed Yamada T, Kamata R, Ishinohachi K et al (2018) Biosimilar vs originator insulins: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1787–1792PubMed
137.
Zurück zum Zitat But A, De Bruin ML, Bazelier MT et al (2017) Cancer risk among insulin users: comparing analogues with human insulin in the CARING five-country cohort study. Diabetologia 60:1691–1703PubMedPubMedCentral But A, De Bruin ML, Bazelier MT et al (2017) Cancer risk among insulin users: comparing analogues with human insulin in the CARING five-country cohort study. Diabetologia 60:1691–1703PubMedPubMedCentral
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Maiorino MI, Chiodini P, Bellastella G et al (2017) Insulin and glucagon-like peptide1 receptor agonist combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 40:614–624PubMed Maiorino MI, Chiodini P, Bellastella G et al (2017) Insulin and glucagon-like peptide1 receptor agonist combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 40:614–624PubMed
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Guja C, Frías JP, Somogyi A et al (2018) Effect of exenatide QW or placebo, both added to titrated insulin glargine, in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: the DURATION‑7 randomized study. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1602–1161PubMedPubMedCentral Guja C, Frías JP, Somogyi A et al (2018) Effect of exenatide QW or placebo, both added to titrated insulin glargine, in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: the DURATION‑7 randomized study. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:1602–1161PubMedPubMedCentral
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodbard HW, Lingvay I, Reed J et al (2018) Semaglutide added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103(06):2291–2301PubMedPubMedCentral Rodbard HW, Lingvay I, Reed J et al (2018) Semaglutide added to basal insulin in type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 5): a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103(06):2291–2301PubMedPubMedCentral
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Gentile S, Fusco A, Colarusso S et al (2018) A randomized, open-label, comparative, crossover trial on preference, efficacy, and safety profiles of lispro insulin U‑100 versus concentrated lispro insulin U‑200 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a possible contribution to greater treatment adherence. Expert Opin Drug Saf 17(05):445–450PubMed Gentile S, Fusco A, Colarusso S et al (2018) A randomized, open-label, comparative, crossover trial on preference, efficacy, and safety profiles of lispro insulin U‑100 versus concentrated lispro insulin U‑200 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a possible contribution to greater treatment adherence. Expert Opin Drug Saf 17(05):445–450PubMed
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Heise T, Hövelmann U, Brøndsted L et al (2015) Faster-acting insulin aspart: earlier onset of appearance and greater early pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects than insulin aspart. Diabetes Obes Metab 17:682–688PubMedPubMedCentral Heise T, Hövelmann U, Brøndsted L et al (2015) Faster-acting insulin aspart: earlier onset of appearance and greater early pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects than insulin aspart. Diabetes Obes Metab 17:682–688PubMedPubMedCentral
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Bowering K, Case C, Harvey J et al (2017) Faster aspart versus insulin aspart as part of a basal-bolus regimen in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: the onset 2 trial. Diabetes Care 40(07):951–957PubMed Bowering K, Case C, Harvey J et al (2017) Faster aspart versus insulin aspart as part of a basal-bolus regimen in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: the onset 2 trial. Diabetes Care 40(07):951–957PubMed
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Khunti K, Gomes MB, Pocock S et al (2018) Therapeutic inertia in the treatment of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:427–437PubMed Khunti K, Gomes MB, Pocock S et al (2018) Therapeutic inertia in the treatment of hyperglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:427–437PubMed
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Gough SC, Bode B, Woo V et al (2014) Efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its components given alone: results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, 26-week, treat-to-target trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2(11):885–893PubMed Gough SC, Bode B, Woo V et al (2014) Efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its components given alone: results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, 26-week, treat-to-target trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2(11):885–893PubMed
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Diamant M, Nauck MA, Shaginian R et al (2014) Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37(10):2763–2773PubMed Diamant M, Nauck MA, Shaginian R et al (2014) Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist or bolus insulin with optimized basal insulin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37(10):2763–2773PubMed
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahmann A, Rodbard HW, Rosenstock J et al (2015) Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues (with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebocontrolled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 17:1056–1064PubMedPubMedCentral Ahmann A, Rodbard HW, Rosenstock J et al (2015) Efficacy and safety of liraglutide versus placebo added to basal insulin analogues (with or without metformin) in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, placebocontrolled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 17:1056–1064PubMedPubMedCentral
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Montvida O, Klein K, Kumar S et al (2017) Addition of or switch to insulin therapy in people treated with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists: a real-world study in 66 583 patients. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(01):108–117PubMed Montvida O, Klein K, Kumar S et al (2017) Addition of or switch to insulin therapy in people treated with glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptor agonists: a real-world study in 66 583 patients. Diabetes Obes Metab 19(01):108–117PubMed
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Billings LK, Doshi A, Gouet D et al (2018) Efficacy and safety of IDegLira versus basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin and basal insulin: the DUAL VII randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care 41(05):1009–1016PubMed Billings LK, Doshi A, Gouet D et al (2018) Efficacy and safety of IDegLira versus basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin and basal insulin: the DUAL VII randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care 41(05):1009–1016PubMed
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G et al (2016) 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 37(39):2999–3058PubMed Catapano AL, Graham I, De Backer G et al (2016) 2016 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 37(39):2999–3058PubMed
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Parhofer KG, Birkenfeld AL, Krone W et al (2018) Positionspapier zur Lipidtherapie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Stoffwechs 13(02):S209–S213 Parhofer KG, Birkenfeld AL, Krone W et al (2018) Positionspapier zur Lipidtherapie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Stoffwechs 13(02):S209–S213
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Düsing R (2017) Therapieziele bei der Hypertoniebehandlung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 142:1420–1429PubMed Düsing R (2017) Therapieziele bei der Hypertoniebehandlung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 142:1420–1429PubMed
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Banegas JR, Ruilope LM, de la Sierra A et al (2018) Relationship between clinic and ambulatory blood-pressure measurements and mortality. N Engl J Med 378:1509–1520PubMed Banegas JR, Ruilope LM, de la Sierra A et al (2018) Relationship between clinic and ambulatory blood-pressure measurements and mortality. N Engl J Med 378:1509–1520PubMed
144.
Zurück zum Zitat The SPRINT Research Group (2015) A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 373:2103–2116PubMedCentral The SPRINT Research Group (2015) A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 373:2103–2116PubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes
verfasst von
Rüdiger Landgraf
Jens Aberle
Andreas L. Birkenfeld
Baptist Gallwitz
Monika Kellerer
Harald Klein
Dirk Müller-Wieland
Michael A. Nauck
Hans-Martin Reuter
Erhard Siegel
Publikationsdatum
16.04.2020
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Diabetologie / Ausgabe 3/2020
Print ISSN: 2731-7447
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7455
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11428-020-00608-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2020

Die Diabetologie 3/2020 Zur Ausgabe

Mitteilungen des BDE

Mitteilungen des BDE

Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft

Kurz, prägnant und aktuell: Die Praxisempfehlungen der Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft.