Introduction
Patients and methods
Data collection
Patients
Esophagectomy (n = 11) | ER (n = 5) | CRT/CT (n = 4) | Total (n = 20) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (range) | 64 (56–84) | 73(65–81) | 65(56–73) | 67(56–84) |
Sex (%) | ||||
Male | 10 (90.9) | 4 (80.0) | 3 (75.0) | 17 (85.0) |
Female | 1(9.1) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (15.0) |
Location, Ce/Ut/Mt/Lt | ||||
Ce | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (5.0) |
Ut | 0 (0) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.0) |
Mt | 9 (81.8) | 3 (60.0) | 2(50.0) | 14 (70.0) |
Lt | 2 (18.2) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (25.0) | 4 (20.0) |
Stage (%) | ||||
I | 2 (18.2) | 5 (100) | 0 (0) | 7 (35.0) |
II | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (15.0) |
III | 4 (36.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (20.0) |
IVA | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (15.0) |
IVB | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (50.0) | 3 (15.0) |
Initial lymphadenectomy range | ||||
Three-field | 9 (81.8) | NA | NA | NA |
The others | 2 (18.2) | NA | NA | NA |
pR0 | 10 (90.9) | 5 (100) | NA | NA |
Adjuvant therapy | 4 (36.4) | 0(0) | NA | NA |
RFS, month, median (range) | 13.4 (3.3–68.4) | 50.5 (12.1–61.8) | 19.9 (6.5–28.7) | 15.9 (3.3–68.4) |
Site of recurrence | ||||
Cervical | 9 (81.8) | 3 (60.0) | 1 (25.0) | 13 (65.0) |
Mediastinal | 1 (9.1) | 2 (40.0) | 2 (50.0) | 5 (25.0) |
Abdominal | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (10.0) |
Approach of lymphadenectomy for recurrence | ||||
Open | 11 | 4 | 3 | 18 |
Mediastinoscopic | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Case | Age | Sex | Location | T | N | M | Stage | Site of lymph node recurrence | Recurrence outside of surgery and radiation area |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Esophagectomy | |||||||||
1 | 72 | M | Mt | 1b | 0 | 0 | IB | Rt. supraclavicular | Outside |
2 | 77 | M | Mt | 1b | 2 | 0 | IIIA | Lt. supraclavicular | Inside |
3 | 84 | M | Mt | 1b | 3 | 0 | IVA | Rt. supraclavicular Rt. cervical paraesophageal | Outside |
4 | 64 | M | Mt | 1b | 0 | 0 | IB | Rt. cervical paraesophageal | Inside |
5 | 59 | M | Mt | 3 | 2 | 0 | IIIB | Lt. supraclavicular Lt. superficial cervical | Inside |
6 | 75 | M | Mt | 3 | 1 | 0 | IIIB | Cervical pretracheal | Outside |
7 | 58 | M | Mt | 3 | 0 | 0 | IIB | Rt. supraclavicular Rt. cervical paraesophageal | Inside |
8 | 60 | M | Lt | 1b | 1 | 0 | IIB | Rt. cervical paraesophageal | Inside |
9 | 56 | F | Mt | 3 | 2 | 1(LYM) | IVB | Lt. deep cervical | Outside |
10 | 60 | M | Mt | 3 | 3 | 0 | IVA | Pretracheal | Outside |
11 | 75 | M | Lt | 3 | 1 | 0 | IIIB | Paracardial | Inside |
ER | |||||||||
12 | 73 | M | Mt | 1b | 0 | 0 | IB | Rt. supraclavicular Rt. cervical paraesophageal | – |
13 | 81 | F | Mt | 1b | 0 | 0 | IB | Middle thoracic paraesophageal Ligamentum arteriosum | – |
14 | 65 | M | Ut | 1b | 0 | 0 | IB | Rt. supraclavicular | – |
15 | 66 | M | Mt | 1b | 0 | 0 | IB | Rt. cervical paraesophageal | – |
16 | 73 | M | Lt | 1a | 0 | 0 | IB | Rt. recurrent nerve | – |
CT and CRT | |||||||||
17 | 62 | M | Ce | 4 | 1 | 0 | IVA | Lt. upper deep cervical | Inside |
18 | 68 | F | Mt | 3 | 1 | 1(PUL) | IVB | Lt. recurrent nerve | Inside |
19 | 56 | M | Lt | 2 | 0 | 0 | II | Along the left gastric artery | Outside |
20 | 73 | M | Mt | 3 | 1 | 1(LYM) | IVB | Rt. recurrent nerve | – |
Exclusion criteria
Diagnosis of recurrence
Lymphadenectomy for recurrence
Statistical analysis
Results
Esophagectomy (n = 11) | ER (n = 5) | CRT/CT (n = 4) | Total (n = 20) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Short-term outcomes | ||||
Curability R0/R1/R2 | 9/1/1 | 4/0/1 | 4/0/0 | 17/1/2 |
No. of metastatic nodes, median (range) | 2 (0–29) | 2 (0–6) | 5 (1–8)* | 2 (0–29) |
Postoperative hospital stay (days) median (range) | 5 (2–26) | 3 (3–15) | 5 (3–13) | 4.5 (2–26) |
Complication (%) (Clavien-Dindo grade II ≤) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (20.0) | 1 (25.0) | 6 (30.0) |
Long-term outcomes | ||||
Five-year survival rate☨ (%) (95% CI) | 40.0 (12.3, 67.0) | 75.0 (12.8, 96.1) | 50.0 (5.8, 84.5) | 50.0 (25.9, 70.1) |
Five-year relapse-free survival rate☨☨ (%) (95% CI) | 25.0 (3.7, 55.8) | 33.3 (0.9, 77.4) | 25.0 (0.9, 66.5) | 26.7 (8.7, 49.6) |
Esophagectomy (n = 11) | ER (n = 5) | CRT/CT (n = 4) | Total (n = 20) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Neoadjuvant therapy CT/RT/CRT | 0/0/4 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/0 | 0/0/4 |
Adjuvant therapy CT/RT/CRT | 0/1/3 | 0/2/1 | 0/0/2 | 0/3/6 |
Varieties | Hazard Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 1.00 | Reference | Reference |
Female | 1.35 | 0.28, 6.50 | 0.71 |
Age (per year) | 1.01 | 0.93, 1.09 | 0.86 |
No. of metastatic nodes | 1.04 | 0.95, 1.13 | 0.41 |
Stage | |||
Stage I | 1.00 | Reference | Reference |
Stage II ≤ | 4.27 | 0.84–21.76 | 0.08 |
Initial treatment | |||
Esophagectomy | 1.00 | Reference | Reference |
ER | 0.20 | 0.02, 1.66 | 0.14 |
CRT/CT | 0.59 | 0.12, 2.86 | 0.52 |
Recurrent part | |||
Cervical | 1.00 | Reference | Reference |
Mediastinal | 2.47 | 0.59, 10.38 | 0.22 |
Abdominal | 5.16 | 0.90, 29.5 | 0.07 |
pR | |||
0 | 1.00 | Reference | Reference |
1 ≤ | 1.49 | 0.31, 7.22 | 0.62 |
Stage I (n = 6) | Stage II ≤ (n = 11) | Total (n = 17) | |
---|---|---|---|
Distant recurrence | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (36.4%) | 4 (23.5%) |
Regional lymph node recurrence | 2 (33.3%) | 3 (27.3%) | 5 (29.4%) |
Within the area of lymphadenectomy for recurrence | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | 2 (18.2%) |
Out of the area of lymphadenectomy for recurrence | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | 3 (17.6%) |