Introduction
Patients and methods
Patient selection
Investigated parameters
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient population-overview
Stage I-III tumors
Stage I (%) | Stage II (%) | Stage III (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Caecum | 30 (17.4) | 85 (49.4) | 57 (33.1) |
Ascendens | 57 (26.4) | 96 (44.4) | 63 (29.2) |
Hepatic flexure | 12 (17.6) | 39 (57.4) | 17 (25.0) |
Transversum | 23 (23.2) | 46 (46.5) | 30 (30.3) |
Splenic flexure | 13 (18.1) | 35 (48.6) | 24 (33.3) |
Descendens | 14 (23.0) | 29 (47.5) | 18 (29.5) |
Sigmoid | 167 (31.3) | 207 (38.8) | 160 (30.0) |
Total | 316 (25.9) | 537 (43.9) | 369 (30.2) |
n (%) | Events | 5y cause-specific survival in % [95% CI (%)] | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 1222 | 115 | 89.3 [87.3 … 91.3] | |
Agea | 0.027 | |||
<70 | 587 (48.0) | 48 | 91.2 [88.8 … 93.6] | |
≥70 | 635 (52.0) | 67 | 87.2 [84.3 … 90.1] | |
Sex | 0.476 | |||
Male | 655 (53.6) | 58 | 89.6 [87.1 … 92.1] | |
Female | 567 (46.4) | 57 | 88.8 [86.1 … 91.5] | |
Side | 0.22 | |||
Right | 555 (45.4) | 57 | 88.2 [85.3 … 91.1] | |
Left | 667 (54.6) | 58 | 90.1 [87.7 … 92.5] | |
Locationb | ||||
Caecum | 172 (14.1) | 25 | 83.5 [77.6 … 89.4] vs. 90.2 [88.2 … 92.2] | 0.007 |
Ascendens | 216 (17.7) | 14 | 92.0 [87.9 … 96.1] vs. 88.7 [86.5 … 90.9] | 0.147 |
Hepatic flexure | 68 ( 5.6) | 8 | 87.3 [79.1 … 95.5] vs. 89.4 [87.4 … 91.4] | 0.43 |
Transversum | 99 ( 8.1) | 10 | 88.8 [82.3 … 95.3] vs. 89.3 [87.3 … 91.3] | 0.812 |
Splenic flexure | 72 ( 5.9) | 4 | 93.3 [86.8 … 99.8] vs. 89.0 [87.0 … 91.0] | 0.254 |
Descendens | 61 ( 5.0) | 4 | 93.0 [86.3 … 99.7] vs. 89.1 [87.1 … 91.1] | 0.493 |
Sigmoid | 534 (43.7) | 50 | 89.4 [86.7 … 92.1] vs. 89.2 [86.7 … 91.7] | 0.702 |
Time period | 0.865 | |||
1995-2006 | 684 (56.0) | 68 | 89.0 [86.5 … 91.5] | |
2007-2018 | 538 (44.0) | 47 | 89.8 [87.1 … 92.5] | |
UICC-stage | <0.001 | |||
I | 316 (25.9) | 5 | 98.2 [96.6 … 99.8] | |
II | 537 (43.9) | 31 | 93.2 [90.8 … 95.6] | |
III | 369 (30.2) | 79 | 75.3 [70.6 … 80.0] | |
pT-Category | <0.001 | |||
1 | 129 (10.6) | 3 | 97.4 [94.5 … 100] | |
2 | 236 (19.3) | 4 | 98.0 [96.0 … 100] | |
3 | 754 (61.7) | 72 | 88.9 [86.5 … 91.3] | |
4 | 103 ( 8.4) | 36 | 58.3 [47.7 … 68.9] | |
pN-Category | <0.001 | |||
0 | 853 (69.8) | 36 | 95.1 [93.5 … 96.7] | |
1 | 257 (21.0) | 42 | 80.9 [75.6 … 86.2] | |
2 | 112 ( 9.2) | 37 | 62.4 [52.6 … 72.2] | |
Number of harvested lymph nodes | 0.301 | |||
< 12 | 285 (23.3) | 22 | 90.9 [87.2 … 94.6] | |
≥ 12 | 937 (76.7) | 93 | 88.8 [86.6 … 91.0] | |
Grading | <0.001 | |||
1+2 | 915 (74.9) | 61 | 92.2 [90.2 … 94.2] | |
3+4 | 307 (25.1) | 54 | 80.3 [75.6 … 85.0] | |
Mucinous carcinoma | 0.129 | |||
No | 1115 (91.2) | 101 | 89.6 [87.6 … 91.6] | |
Yes | 107 ( 8.8) | 14 | 85.1 [77.8 … 92.4] | |
Preoperative CEA | 0.002 | |||
Normal | 946 (77.4) | 76 | 90.8 [88.8 … 92.8] | |
Elevated | 276 (22.6) | 39 | 83.8 [79.1 … 88.5] | |
Lymphovascular infiltration | <0.001 | |||
No | 971 (79.5) | 60 | 92.9 [91.1 … 94.7] | |
Yes | 251 (20.5) | 55 | 74.6 [68.7 … 80.5] | |
Vascular infiltration | <0.001 | |||
No | 1088 (89.0) | 86 | 91.0 [89.2 … 92.8] | |
Yes | 134 (11.0) | 29 | 74.6 [66.4 … 82.8] | |
Emergency operation | <0.001 | |||
No | 1083 (88.6) | 90 | 90.6 [88.6 … 92.6] | |
Yes | 139 (11.4) | 25 | 77.9 [70.1 … 85.7] | |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | 0.025 | |||
No | 998 (81.7) | 83 | 90.4 [88.4 … 92.4] | |
Yes | 224 (18.3) | 32 | 84.7 [79.8 … 89.6] | |
Length of specimen | 0.294 | |||
< 20 cm | 148 (13.8) | 10 | 91.6 [86.5 … 96.7] | |
≥ 20 cm | 1074 (86.2) | 115 | 88.9 [86.9 … 90.9] |
Hazard Ratio | 95 % CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
<70 | Ref. | ||
≥70 | 1.139 | 0.748 … 1.736 | 0.544 |
Location | |||
All other sites | Ref. | ||
Caecum | 1.645 | 1.039 … 2.606 | 0.034 |
pT-Category | <0.001 | ||
T1+2 | Ref. | ||
T3 | 3.253 | 1.466 … 7.217 | 0.004 |
T4 | 10.852 | 4.538 … 25.950 | <0.001 |
pN-Category | <0.001 | ||
N0 | Ref. | ||
N1 | 4.238 | 2.516 … 7.137 | <0.001 |
N2 | 8.364 | 4.623 … 15.130 | <0.001 |
Grading | |||
1+2 | Ref. | ||
3+4 | 1.516 | 1.017 … 2.259 | 0.041 |
Preoperative CEA | |||
Normal | Ref. | ||
Elevated | 0.929 | 0.618 … 1.398 | 0.724 |
Lymphovascular infiltration | |||
No | Ref. | ||
Yes | 1.255 | 0.795 … 1.981 | 0.724 |
Vascular infiltration | |||
No | Ref. | ||
Yes | 1.95 | 1.235 … 3.079 | 0.004 |
Emergency operation | |||
No | Ref. | ||
Yes | 1.651 | 1.031 … 2.644 | 0.037 |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | |||
No | Ref. | ||
Yes | 0.385 | 0.234 … 0.634 | <0.001 |
Stage IV tumors
n (%) | Events | 3y overall survival in % [95% CI (%)] | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 384 | 287 | 23.8 [19.5 … 28.1] | |
Agea | <0.001 | |||
<71 | 181 (47.1) | 125 | 29.5 [22.6 … 36.4] | |
≥71 | 203 (52.9) | 162 | 18.6 [13.1 … 24.1] | |
Sex | 0.082 | |||
Male | 205 (53.4) | 147 | 26.4 [20.1 … 32.7] | |
Female | 179 (46.6) | 140 | 20.8 [14.7 … 26.9] | |
Side | 0.013 | |||
Right | 169 (44.0) | 136 | 17.7 [11.8 … 23.6] | |
Left | 215 (56.0) | 151 | 28.6 [22.5 … 34.7] | |
Locationb | ||||
Coecum | 37 ( 9.6) | 32 | 13.5 [ 2.5 … 24.5] 24.9 [13.9 … 35.9] | 0.007 |
Ascendens | 63 (16.4) | 51 | 13.4 [ 4.4 … 22.4] 25.6 [20.7 … 30.5] | 0.181 |
Hepatic flexure | 38 ( 9.9) | 32 | 15.8 [ 4.2 … 27.4] 24.7 [20.0 … 29.4] | 0.146 |
Transversum | 31 ( 8.1) | 21 | 32.3 [15.8 … 48.8] 23.0 [18.5 … 27.5] | 0.219 |
Splenic flexure | 23 ( 6.0) | 14 | 39.1 [22.6 … 55.6] 22.8 [18.4 … 27.1] | 0.096 |
Descendens | 24 ( 6.2) | 15 | 37.0 [17.4 … 56.6] 22.9 [18.4 … 27.4] | 0.318 |
Sigmoid | 168 (43.8) | 122 | 26.0 [19.3 … 32.7] 22.0 [16.3 … 27.7] | 0.289 |
Time period | 0.048 | |||
1995-2006 | 203 (52.9) | 161 | 19.6 [14.1 … 25.1] | |
2007-2018 | 181 (47.1) | 126 | 28.7 [22.0 … 35.4] | |
T-Category | <0.001 | |||
1+2c | 14 ( 3.6) | 8 | 40.2 [13.5 … 66.9] | |
3 | 247 (64.3) | 168 | 30.1 [24.2 … 36.0] | |
4 | 123 (32.0) | 111 | 9.4 [ 4.1 … 14.7] | |
N-Category | 0.005 | |||
0 | 115 (29.9) | 90 | 20.5 [13.1 … 27.9] | |
1 | 123 (32.0) | 84 | 29.8 [21.6 … 38.0] | |
2 | 146 (38.0) | 113 | 21.1 [14.4 … 27.8] | |
Grading | <0.001 | |||
1+2 | 223 (58.1) | 155 | 29.0 [22.9 … 35.1] | |
3+4 | 161 (41.9) | 132 | 16.5 [10.6 … 22.4] | |
Mucinous carcinoma | 0.182 | |||
No | 346 (90.1) | 256 | 24.8 [20.1 … 29.5] | |
Yes | 38 (9.9) | 31 | 14.1 [ 2.7 … 25.5] | |
Pretherapeutic CEA | 0.809 | |||
Normal | 122 (31.8) | 88 | 25.5 [17.7 … 33.3] | |
Elevated | 262 (68.2) | 199 | 23.1 [18.0 … 28.2] | |
Removal of primary tumor | <0.001 | |||
No | 91 (23.7) | 86 | 0 | |
Yes | 293 (76.3) | 201 | 30.6 [25.3 … 35.9] | |
Emergency operation | < 0.001 | |||
No operation | 21 (5.5) | 17 | 0 | |
Emergency | 87 (22.6) | 76 | 12.6 [ 5.5 … 19.7] | |
No emergency | 276 (71.9) | 194 | 28.6 [23.1 … 34.1] | |
R-classification | <0.001 | |||
0+1 | 87 (22.6) | 29 | 66.6 [56.6 … 76.6] | |
2 | 297 (77.4) | 258 | 10.7 [ 7.0 … 14.4] | |
Metastatic site | <0.001 | |||
Liver | 176 (45.8) | 119 | 30.5 [23.6 … 37.4] | |
Other | 97 (25.3) | 74 | 22.2 [13.8 … 30.6] | |
Multiple | 111 (28.9) | 94 | 14.5 [ 7.8 … 21.2] | |
Systemic therapy | <0.001 | |||
No | 229 (59.6) | 184 | 17.7 [12.6 … 22.8] | |
Yes | 155 (60.4) | 103 | 32.7 [25.3 … 40.1] |
Hazard Ratio | 95 % CI | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
<71 | Ref. | ||
≥71 | 0.988 | 0.753 … 1.296 | 0.988 |
Side | |||
Right | Ref. | ||
Left | 1.086 | 0.831 … 1.421 | 0.545 |
Location | |||
All other sites | Ref. | ||
Caecum | 0.836 | 0.551 … 1.268 | 0.399 |
Time period | |||
1995-2006 | Ref. | ||
2007-2018 | 1.01 | 0.783 … 1.301 | 0.94 |
T-Category | 0.014 | ||
T1+2 | Ref. | ||
T3 | 1.291 | 0.621 … 2.684 | 0.493 |
T4 | 1.889 | 0.882 … 4.044 | 0.102 |
Grading | |||
1+2 | Ref. | ||
3+4 | 1.573 | 1.219 … 2.031 | <0.001 |
Removal of primary tumor | |||
No | Ref. | ||
Yes | 0.557 | 0.417 … 0.743 | <0.001 |
Emergency operation | 0.139 | ||
No operation | Ref. | ||
Emergency | 1.135 | 0.627 …2.054 | 0.675 |
No emergency | 1.493 | 0.790 … 2.824 | 0.217 |
R-classification | |||
0/1 | Ref. | ||
2 | 5.976 | 3.910 … 9.133 | <0.001 |
Metastatic site | 0.172 | ||
Liver | Ref. | ||
Other | 1.247 | 0.890 … 1.746 | 0.199 |
Multiple | 1.303 | 0.978 … 1.737 | 0.071 |
Systemic therapy | |||
No | Ref. | ||
Yes | 0.43 | 0.320 … 0.578 | <0.001 |