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Erschienen in: Die MKG-Chirurgie 4/2021

29.09.2021 | Speicheldrüsenkarzinom | Leitthema

Therapie der bösartigen Speicheldrüsentumoren

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. Dr. Tobias Ettl, Orlando Guntinas-Lichius, Carmen Stromberger, Damian T. Rieke, Ulrich Keilholz

Erschienen in: Die MKG-Chirurgie | Ausgabe 4/2021

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Zusammenfassung

Die malignen Speicheldrüsentumoren sind eine extrem heterogene Gruppe seltener Tumoren mit großer klinischer, pathologischer und molekularbiologischer Variabilität. Die chirurgische Resektion stellt in den meisten Fällen die Therapie der Wahl dar. Bei lokal fortgeschrittenen oder aggressiven malignen Tumoren ist häufig eine adjuvante Radiotherapie indiziert, die das Risiko für ein Lokalrezidiv reduziert. Kontrovers diskutiert wird das Ausmaß der Parotidektomie bei Karzinomen der Glandula parotis, insbesondere die Behandlung des N. facialis. Einigkeit herrscht weitestgehend darüber, diesen Nerv, wann immer möglich, zu erhalten, sofern nicht eine präoperative Parese oder eine offensichtliche intraoperative Tumorinfiltration einem Nervenerhalt entgegenstehen. Resezierte Anteile des N. facialis sollten möglichst sofort rekonstruiert werden. Die Chirurgie der von den kleinen Speicheldrüsen ausgehenden Karzinome entspricht weitgehend dem Vorgehen bei Kopf-Hals-Plattenepithelkarzinomen. Bei adenoidzystischen Karzinomen ist aufgrund des perineuralen Wachstums und des häufigen Bezugs zur Schädelbasis eine R0-Resektion oft nicht zu erreichen, was die besondere Bedeutung der adjuvanten Radiotherapie bei dieser Entität unterstreicht. Die Indikation der elektiven „neck dissection“ im cN0-Fall wird ebenfalls uneinheitlich gestellt. Während einige Autoren die generelle Lymphknotenausräumung bei allen Karzinomen fordern, lautet der überwiegende Konsens, eine elektive „neck dissection“ bei fortgeschrittener Tumorgröße, High-grade-Karzinomen und erhöhtem Sicherheitsbedürfnis durchzuführen. Die zunehmende Erkenntnis genomischer Alterationen und tumorspezifischer Signalwege eröffnet neue vielversprechende Möglichkeiten zielgerichteter molekularer Therapien im fortgeschrittenen Tumorstadium.
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Metadaten
Titel
Therapie der bösartigen Speicheldrüsentumoren
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. Dr. Tobias Ettl
Orlando Guntinas-Lichius
Carmen Stromberger
Damian T. Rieke
Ulrich Keilholz
Publikationsdatum
29.09.2021
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die MKG-Chirurgie / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 2731-748X
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7498
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12285-021-00333-2

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