Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 4/2014

01.04.2014 | Review Article/Brief Review

Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography for aortic dissection

verfasst von: Christine N. H. Tan, MBBS, Alan G. Fraser, MBChB

Erschienen in: Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie | Ausgabe 4/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Aortic dissection is an infrequent but serious condition that often requires immediate operative intervention. We explore recent developments in the classification of aortic dissection and perioperative transesophageal echocardiography that assist with quantifying the severity of disease and facilitate its management.

Principal findings

We describe the pivotal role of echocardiography in relation to key surgical considerations such as cannulation, aortic root surgery, perfusion in the aortic arch vessels, stenting in hybrid arch repair, and timing of preventative surgery.

Conclusion

Developments in the classification of aortic dissection have improved our perspective and understanding of the key presenting features that affect mortality. Improvements in patient outcome may be achieved in part by appropriately timed echocardiography-guided surgery.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Evangelista A, Flachskampf FA, Erbel R, et al.; European Association of Echocardiography; Document Reviewers. Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11: 645-58.PubMed Evangelista A, Flachskampf FA, Erbel R, et al.; European Association of Echocardiography; Document Reviewers. Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11: 645-58.PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al.; American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American Association for Thoracic Surgery; American College of Radiology; American Stroke Association; Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Interventional Radiology; Society of Thoracic Surgeons; Society for Vascular Medicine. 2010 ACCF/ AHA/ AATS/ ACR/ ASA/ SCA/ SCAI/ SIR/ STS/ SVM Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 279-315. Hiratzka LF, Bakris GL, Beckman JA, et al.; American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; American Association for Thoracic Surgery; American College of Radiology; American Stroke Association; Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society of Interventional Radiology; Society of Thoracic Surgeons; Society for Vascular Medicine. 2010 ACCF/ AHA/ AATS/ ACR/ ASA/ SCA/ SCAI/ SIR/ STS/ SVM Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with thoracic aortic disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American College of Radiology, American Stroke Association, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of Thoracic Surgeons, and Society for Vascular Medicine. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 279-315.
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudenick PA, Bordone M, Bijnens BH, et al. Influence of tear configuration on false and true lumen haemodynamics in type B aortic dissection. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2010: 2509-12.PubMed Rudenick PA, Bordone M, Bijnens BH, et al. Influence of tear configuration on false and true lumen haemodynamics in type B aortic dissection. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2010; 2010: 2509-12.PubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheka K, Sadiq A, Kabalkin C, Greengart A. The use of M-mode echocardiography to identify the true lumen in aortic dissection. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17: 1309-10.PubMed Sheka K, Sadiq A, Kabalkin C, Greengart A. The use of M-mode echocardiography to identify the true lumen in aortic dissection. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2004; 17: 1309-10.PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Alter P, Herzum M, Maisch B. Echocardiographic findings mimicking type A aortic dissection. Herz 2006; 31: 153-5.PubMed Alter P, Herzum M, Maisch B. Echocardiographic findings mimicking type A aortic dissection. Herz 2006; 31: 153-5.PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Joshi D, Bicer EI, Donmez C, et al. Incremental value of live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography over the two-dimensional technique in the assessment of aortic aneurysm and dissection. Echocardiography 2012; 29: 620-30.PubMed Joshi D, Bicer EI, Donmez C, et al. Incremental value of live/real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography over the two-dimensional technique in the assessment of aortic aneurysm and dissection. Echocardiography 2012; 29: 620-30.PubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiga T, Wajima Z, Apfel CC, Inoue T, Ohe Y. Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic dissection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1350-6.PubMed Shiga T, Wajima Z, Apfel CC, Inoue T, Ohe Y. Diagnostic accuracy of transesophageal echocardiography, helical computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for suspected thoracic aortic dissection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166: 1350-6.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsai TT, Trimarchi S, Nienaber CA. Acute aortic dissection: perspectives from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009; 37: 149-59.PubMed Tsai TT, Trimarchi S, Nienaber CA. Acute aortic dissection: perspectives from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2009; 37: 149-59.PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao SL, Auerbach SR. Severe acute aortic regurgitation due to aortic dissection. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 500-1.PubMed Rao SL, Auerbach SR. Severe acute aortic regurgitation due to aortic dissection. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 500-1.PubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Dorman SH, Barry J. Acute aortic dissection mimicking an acute coronary syndrome through occlusion of the right coronary artery. Emerg Med J 2008; 25: 462-3.PubMed Dorman SH, Barry J. Acute aortic dissection mimicking an acute coronary syndrome through occlusion of the right coronary artery. Emerg Med J 2008; 25: 462-3.PubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Gullu AU, Nurkalem Z, Akçar M, Eren M. Acute type A aortic dissection and left main coronary artery obstruction detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2010; 38: 211-4.PubMed Gullu AU, Nurkalem Z, Akçar M, Eren M. Acute type A aortic dissection and left main coronary artery obstruction detected by transesophageal echocardiography. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 2010; 38: 211-4.PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Nakamura Y, Tagusari O, Ichikawa Y, Morita A. Impact of immediate aortic repair on early and midterm neurologic status in patients with acute type A aortic dissection complicated by cerebral malperfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92: 336-8.PubMed Nakamura Y, Tagusari O, Ichikawa Y, Morita A. Impact of immediate aortic repair on early and midterm neurologic status in patients with acute type A aortic dissection complicated by cerebral malperfusion. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92: 336-8.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Orihashi K, Sueda T, Okada K, Imai K. Perioperative diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia in acute aortic dissection by transesophageal echocardiography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 28: 871-6.PubMed Orihashi K, Sueda T, Okada K, Imai K. Perioperative diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia in acute aortic dissection by transesophageal echocardiography. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 28: 871-6.PubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Orihashi K, Matsuura Y, Sueda T, et al. Abdominal aorta and visceral arteries visualized by transgastric echocardiography: technical considerations. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1997; 46: 151-7.PubMed Orihashi K, Matsuura Y, Sueda T, et al. Abdominal aorta and visceral arteries visualized by transgastric echocardiography: technical considerations. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1997; 46: 151-7.PubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kirsch ME. Editorial comment: Classification of aortic dissection: back to the future? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 1084-6.PubMed Kirsch ME. Editorial comment: Classification of aortic dissection: back to the future? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 1084-6.PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsagakis K, Tossios P, Kamler M, et al. The DeBakey classification exactly reflects late outcome and re-intervention probability in acute aortic dissection with a slightly modified type II definition. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 1078-84.PubMed Tsagakis K, Tossios P, Kamler M, et al. The DeBakey classification exactly reflects late outcome and re-intervention probability in acute aortic dissection with a slightly modified type II definition. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 1078-84.PubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat White RA, Miller DC, Criado FJ, et al.; Multidisciplinary Society for Vascular Surgery Outcomes Committee. Report on the results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for acute, complicated, Type B aortic dissection at 30 days and 1 year from a multidisciplinary subcommittee of the Society for Vascular Surgery Outcomes Committee. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53: 1082-90.PubMed White RA, Miller DC, Criado FJ, et al.; Multidisciplinary Society for Vascular Surgery Outcomes Committee. Report on the results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for acute, complicated, Type B aortic dissection at 30 days and 1 year from a multidisciplinary subcommittee of the Society for Vascular Surgery Outcomes Committee. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53: 1082-90.PubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Etz CD, Bischoff MS, Bodian C, et al. The Bentall procedure: is it the gold standard? A series of 597 consecutive cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140: S64-70.PubMed Etz CD, Bischoff MS, Bodian C, et al. The Bentall procedure: is it the gold standard? A series of 597 consecutive cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140: S64-70.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat De Paulis R, Scaffa R, Maselli D, Weltert L, Salica A, Bellisario A. Valsalva graft in the Bentall procedure: from mechanical valve to the BioValsalva, world’s first biological aortic conduit. Surg Technol Int 2008; 17: 216-21.PubMed De Paulis R, Scaffa R, Maselli D, Weltert L, Salica A, Bellisario A. Valsalva graft in the Bentall procedure: from mechanical valve to the BioValsalva, world’s first biological aortic conduit. Surg Technol Int 2008; 17: 216-21.PubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Subramanian S, Leontyev S, Borger MA, Trommer C, Misfeld M, Mohr FW. Valve-sparing root reconstruction does not compromise survival in acute type A aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94: 1230-4.PubMed Subramanian S, Leontyev S, Borger MA, Trommer C, Misfeld M, Mohr FW. Valve-sparing root reconstruction does not compromise survival in acute type A aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94: 1230-4.PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kerendi F, Guyton RA, Vega JD, Kilgo PD, Chen EP. Early results of valve-sparing aortic root replacement in high-risk clinical scenarios. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89: 471-6.PubMed Kerendi F, Guyton RA, Vega JD, Kilgo PD, Chen EP. Early results of valve-sparing aortic root replacement in high-risk clinical scenarios. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89: 471-6.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Maselli D, Weltert L, Scaffa R, De Paulis R. How to achieve an aortic root remodelling by performing an aortic root reimplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42: e136-7.PubMed Maselli D, Weltert L, Scaffa R, De Paulis R. How to achieve an aortic root remodelling by performing an aortic root reimplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 42: e136-7.PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Shrestha M, Baraki H, Maeding I, et al. Long-term results after aortic valve-sparing operation (David I). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41: 56-61.PubMedCentralPubMed Shrestha M, Baraki H, Maeding I, et al. Long-term results after aortic valve-sparing operation (David I). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41: 56-61.PubMedCentralPubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanke T, Charitos EI, Stierle U, et al. Factors associated with the development of aortic valve regurgitation over time after two different techniques of valve-sparing aortic root surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137: 314-9.PubMed Hanke T, Charitos EI, Stierle U, et al. Factors associated with the development of aortic valve regurgitation over time after two different techniques of valve-sparing aortic root surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009; 137: 314-9.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Piccardo A, Regesta T, Pansini S, et al. Fate of the aortic valve after root reconstruction in type A aortic dissection: a 20-year follow up. J Heart Valve Dis 2009; 18: 507-13.PubMed Piccardo A, Regesta T, Pansini S, et al. Fate of the aortic valve after root reconstruction in type A aortic dissection: a 20-year follow up. J Heart Valve Dis 2009; 18: 507-13.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Kollar AC, Lick SD, Conti VR. Integrating resuspension with remodeling: early results with a new valve-sparing aortic root reconstruction technique. J Heart Valve Dis 2008; 17: 74-9.PubMed Kollar AC, Lick SD, Conti VR. Integrating resuspension with remodeling: early results with a new valve-sparing aortic root reconstruction technique. J Heart Valve Dis 2008; 17: 74-9.PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Ince H, Nienaber CA. Management of acute aortic syndromes (Spanish). Rev Esp Cardiol 2007; 60: 526-41.PubMed Ince H, Nienaber CA. Management of acute aortic syndromes (Spanish). Rev Esp Cardiol 2007; 60: 526-41.PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim JB, Chung CH, Moon DH, et al. Total arch repair versus hemiarch repair in the management of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 881-7.PubMed Kim JB, Chung CH, Moon DH, et al. Total arch repair versus hemiarch repair in the management of acute DeBakey type I aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 881-7.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Matalanis G, Durairaj M, Brooks M. A hybrid technique of aortic arch branch transposition and antegrade stent graft deployment for complete arch repair without cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: 611-2.PubMed Matalanis G, Durairaj M, Brooks M. A hybrid technique of aortic arch branch transposition and antegrade stent graft deployment for complete arch repair without cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: 611-2.PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Matalanis G, Koirala RS, Shi WY, Hayward PA, McCall PR. Branch-first aortic arch replacement with no circulatory arrest or deep hypothermia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142: 809-15.PubMed Matalanis G, Koirala RS, Shi WY, Hayward PA, McCall PR. Branch-first aortic arch replacement with no circulatory arrest or deep hypothermia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142: 809-15.PubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Matalanis G, Shi WY. An Australian experience with aortic arch replacement: a novel approach without circulatory arrest or deep hypothermia. Heart Lung Circ 2011; 20: 163-9.PubMed Matalanis G, Shi WY. An Australian experience with aortic arch replacement: a novel approach without circulatory arrest or deep hypothermia. Heart Lung Circ 2011; 20: 163-9.PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Szeto WY, Bavaria JE, Bowen FW, Woo EY, Fairman RM, Pochettino A. The hybrid total arch repair: brachiocephalic bypass and concomitant endovascular aortic arch stent graft placement. J Card Surg 2007; 22: 97-102.PubMed Szeto WY, Bavaria JE, Bowen FW, Woo EY, Fairman RM, Pochettino A. The hybrid total arch repair: brachiocephalic bypass and concomitant endovascular aortic arch stent graft placement. J Card Surg 2007; 22: 97-102.PubMed
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Kolvenbach RR, Karmeli R, Pinter LS, et al. Endovascular management of ascending aortic pathology. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53: 1431-7.PubMed Kolvenbach RR, Karmeli R, Pinter LS, et al. Endovascular management of ascending aortic pathology. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53: 1431-7.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsagakis K, Kamler M, Kuehl H, et al. Avoidance of proximal endoleak using a hybrid stent graft in arch replacement and descending aorta stenting. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88: 773-9.PubMed Tsagakis K, Kamler M, Kuehl H, et al. Avoidance of proximal endoleak using a hybrid stent graft in arch replacement and descending aorta stenting. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88: 773-9.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Hughes GC, Sulzer CF, McCann RL, Swaminathan M. Endovascular approaches to complex thoracic aortic disease. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008; 12: 298-319.PubMed Hughes GC, Sulzer CF, McCann RL, Swaminathan M. Endovascular approaches to complex thoracic aortic disease. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2008; 12: 298-319.PubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Roselli EE, Soltesz EG, Mastracci T, Svensson LG, Lytle BW. Antegrade delivery of stent grafts to treat complex thoracic aortic disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90: 539-46.PubMed Roselli EE, Soltesz EG, Mastracci T, Svensson LG, Lytle BW. Antegrade delivery of stent grafts to treat complex thoracic aortic disease. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90: 539-46.PubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Milewski RK, Szeto WY, Pochettino A, Moser GW, Moeller P, Bavaria JE. Have hybrid procedures replaced open aortic arch reconstruction in high-risk patients? A comparative study of elective open arch debranching with endovascular stent graft placement and conventional elective open total and distal aortic arch reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140: 590-7.PubMed Milewski RK, Szeto WY, Pochettino A, Moser GW, Moeller P, Bavaria JE. Have hybrid procedures replaced open aortic arch reconstruction in high-risk patients? A comparative study of elective open arch debranching with endovascular stent graft placement and conventional elective open total and distal aortic arch reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140: 590-7.PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen X, Huang F, Xu M, et al. The stented elephant trunk procedure combined total arch replacement for Debakey I aortic dissection: operative result and follow-up. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 11: 594-8.PubMed Chen X, Huang F, Xu M, et al. The stented elephant trunk procedure combined total arch replacement for Debakey I aortic dissection: operative result and follow-up. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 11: 594-8.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Pacini D, Tsagakis K, Jakob H, et al. The frozen elephant trunk for the treatment of chronic dissection of the thoracic aorta: a multicenter experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92: 1663-70.PubMed Pacini D, Tsagakis K, Jakob H, et al. The frozen elephant trunk for the treatment of chronic dissection of the thoracic aorta: a multicenter experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92: 1663-70.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Augoustides JG, Szeto WY, Desai ND, et al. Classification of acute type A dissection: focus on clinical presentation and extent. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 39: 519-22.PubMed Augoustides JG, Szeto WY, Desai ND, et al. Classification of acute type A dissection: focus on clinical presentation and extent. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 39: 519-22.PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Augoustides JG, Szeto WY, Woo EY, Andritsos M, Fairman RM, Bavaria JE. The complications of uncomplicated acute type-B dissection: the introduction of the Penn classification. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 26: 1139-44.PubMed Augoustides JG, Szeto WY, Woo EY, Andritsos M, Fairman RM, Bavaria JE. The complications of uncomplicated acute type-B dissection: the introduction of the Penn classification. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2012; 26: 1139-44.PubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Olsson C, Hillebrant CG, Liska J, Lockowandt U, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A. Mortality in acute type A aortic dissection: validation of the Penn classification. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92: 1376-82.PubMed Olsson C, Hillebrant CG, Liska J, Lockowandt U, Eriksson P, Franco-Cereceda A. Mortality in acute type A aortic dissection: validation of the Penn classification. Ann Thorac Surg 2011; 92: 1376-82.PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Augoustides JG, Geirsson A, Szeto WY, et al. Observational study of mortality risk stratification by ischemic presentation in patients with acute type A aortic dissection: the Penn classification. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2009; 6: 140-6.PubMed Augoustides JG, Geirsson A, Szeto WY, et al. Observational study of mortality risk stratification by ischemic presentation in patients with acute type A aortic dissection: the Penn classification. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med 2009; 6: 140-6.PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Tiwari KK, Murzi M, Bevilacqua S, Glauber M. Which cannulation (ascending aortic cannulation or peripheral arterial cannulation) is better for acute type A aortic dissection surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 10: 797-802.PubMed Tiwari KK, Murzi M, Bevilacqua S, Glauber M. Which cannulation (ascending aortic cannulation or peripheral arterial cannulation) is better for acute type A aortic dissection surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 10: 797-802.PubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Inoue Y, Ueda T, Taguchi S, et al. Ascending aorta cannulation in acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007; 31: 976-9.PubMed Inoue Y, Ueda T, Taguchi S, et al. Ascending aorta cannulation in acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007; 31: 976-9.PubMed
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Shimokawa T, Takanashi S, Ozawa N, Itoh T. Management of intraoperative malperfusion syndrome using femoral artery cannulation for repair of acute type A aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 85: 1619-24.PubMed Shimokawa T, Takanashi S, Ozawa N, Itoh T. Management of intraoperative malperfusion syndrome using femoral artery cannulation for repair of acute type A aortic dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 85: 1619-24.PubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Karmonik C, Bismuth J, Shah DJ, Davies MG, Purdy D, Lumsden AB. Computational study of haemodynamic effects of entry- and exit-tear coverage in a DeBakey type III aortic dissection: technical report. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 42: 172-7.PubMed Karmonik C, Bismuth J, Shah DJ, Davies MG, Purdy D, Lumsden AB. Computational study of haemodynamic effects of entry- and exit-tear coverage in a DeBakey type III aortic dissection: technical report. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2011; 42: 172-7.PubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Lentini S, Savasta M, Ciuffreda F, La Monaca M, Gaeta R. Treatment of malperfusion during surgery for type A aortic dissection. J Extra Corpor Technol 2009; 41: 114-8.PubMed Lentini S, Savasta M, Ciuffreda F, La Monaca M, Gaeta R. Treatment of malperfusion during surgery for type A aortic dissection. J Extra Corpor Technol 2009; 41: 114-8.PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Wallet F, Perbet S, Fleron MH, et al. Elephant trunk prosthesis kinking: transesophageal echocardiography diagnosis. Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 67-9.PubMed Wallet F, Perbet S, Fleron MH, et al. Elephant trunk prosthesis kinking: transesophageal echocardiography diagnosis. Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 67-9.PubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Evangelista A, Salas A, Ribera A, et al. Long-term outcome of aortic dissection with patent false lumen: predictive role of entry tear size and location. Circulation 2012; 125: 3133-41.PubMed Evangelista A, Salas A, Ribera A, et al. Long-term outcome of aortic dissection with patent false lumen: predictive role of entry tear size and location. Circulation 2012; 125: 3133-41.PubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Trimarchi S, Tolenaar JL, Jonker FH, et al. Importance of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection prognosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145: S208-12.PubMed Trimarchi S, Tolenaar JL, Jonker FH, et al. Importance of false lumen thrombosis in type B aortic dissection prognosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 145: S208-12.PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Concistre G, Casali G, Santaniello E, et al. Reoperation after surgical correction of acute type A aortic dissection: risk factor analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93: 450-5.PubMed Concistre G, Casali G, Santaniello E, et al. Reoperation after surgical correction of acute type A aortic dissection: risk factor analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93: 450-5.PubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Pochettino A, Brinkman WT, Moeller P, et al. Antegrade thoracic stent grafting during repair of acute DeBakey I dissection prevents development of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88: 482-9.PubMed Pochettino A, Brinkman WT, Moeller P, et al. Antegrade thoracic stent grafting during repair of acute DeBakey I dissection prevents development of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg 2009; 88: 482-9.PubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Inoue Y, Takahashi R, Ueda T, Yozu R. Synchronized epiaortic two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiographic guidance enables routine ascending aortic cannulation in type A acute aortic dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 141: 354-60.PubMed Inoue Y, Takahashi R, Ueda T, Yozu R. Synchronized epiaortic two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiographic guidance enables routine ascending aortic cannulation in type A acute aortic dissection. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 141: 354-60.PubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Troianos CA, Hartman GS, Glas KE, et al.; Councils on Intraoperative Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound of the American Society of Echocardiography. Guidelines for performing ultrasound guided vascular cannulation: recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24: 1291-318.PubMed Troianos CA, Hartman GS, Glas KE, et al.; Councils on Intraoperative Echocardiography and Vascular Ultrasound of the American Society of Echocardiography. Guidelines for performing ultrasound guided vascular cannulation: recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24: 1291-318.PubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Santo KC, Barrios A, Dandekar U, Riley P, Guest P, Bonser RS. Near-infrared spectroscopy: an important monitoring tool during hybrid aortic arch replacement. Anesth Analg 2008; 107: 793-6.PubMed Santo KC, Barrios A, Dandekar U, Riley P, Guest P, Bonser RS. Near-infrared spectroscopy: an important monitoring tool during hybrid aortic arch replacement. Anesth Analg 2008; 107: 793-6.PubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Murkin JM, Arango M. Near-infrared spectroscopy as an index of brain and tissue oxygenation. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103(Suppl 1): i3-13.PubMed Murkin JM, Arango M. Near-infrared spectroscopy as an index of brain and tissue oxygenation. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103(Suppl 1): i3-13.PubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Augoustides JG, Andritsos M. Innovations in aortic disease: the ascending aorta and aortic arch. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24: 198-207.PubMed Augoustides JG, Andritsos M. Innovations in aortic disease: the ascending aorta and aortic arch. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24: 198-207.PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Maselli D, De Paulis R, Scaffa R, et al. Sinotubular junction size affects aortic root geometry and aortic valve function in the aortic valve reimplantation procedure: an in vitro study using the Valsalva graft. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84: 1214-8.PubMed Maselli D, De Paulis R, Scaffa R, et al. Sinotubular junction size affects aortic root geometry and aortic valve function in the aortic valve reimplantation procedure: an in vitro study using the Valsalva graft. Ann Thorac Surg 2007; 84: 1214-8.PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat le Polain de Waroux JB, Pouleur AC, Goffinet C, et al. Functional anatomy of aortic regurgitation: accuracy, prediction of surgical repairability, and outcome implications of transesophageal echocardiography. Circulation 2007; 116: I264-9. le Polain de Waroux JB, Pouleur AC, Goffinet C, et al. Functional anatomy of aortic regurgitation: accuracy, prediction of surgical repairability, and outcome implications of transesophageal echocardiography. Circulation 2007; 116: I264-9.
61.
Zurück zum Zitat le Polain de Waroux JB, Pouleur AC, Robert A, et al. Mechanisms of recurrent aortic regurgitation after aortic valve repair: predictive value of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2: 931-9. le Polain de Waroux JB, Pouleur AC, Robert A, et al. Mechanisms of recurrent aortic regurgitation after aortic valve repair: predictive value of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2: 931-9.
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Dyck MJ, Watremez C, Boodhwani M, Vanoverschelde JL, El Khoury G. Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation during aortic valve repair surgery. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 59-70.PubMed Van Dyck MJ, Watremez C, Boodhwani M, Vanoverschelde JL, El Khoury G. Transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation during aortic valve repair surgery. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 59-70.PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Gallego García de Vinuesa P, Castro A, Barquero JM, et al. Functional anatomy of aortic regurgitation. Role of transesophageal echocardiography in aortic valve-sparing surgery. Rev Esp Cardiol 2010; 63: 536-43. Gallego García de Vinuesa P, Castro A, Barquero JM, et al. Functional anatomy of aortic regurgitation. Role of transesophageal echocardiography in aortic valve-sparing surgery. Rev Esp Cardiol 2010; 63: 536-43.
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Whitley W, Tanaka KA, Chen EP, Glas KE. Acute aortic dissection with intimal layer prolapse into the left ventricle. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 774-6.PubMed Whitley W, Tanaka KA, Chen EP, Glas KE. Acute aortic dissection with intimal layer prolapse into the left ventricle. Anesth Analg 2007; 104: 774-6.PubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Augoustides JG, Szeto WY, Bavaria JE. Advances in aortic valve repair: focus on functional approach, clinical outcomes, and central role of echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24: 1016-20.PubMed Augoustides JG, Szeto WY, Bavaria JE. Advances in aortic valve repair: focus on functional approach, clinical outcomes, and central role of echocardiography. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010; 24: 1016-20.PubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Guntheroth WG. A critical review of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association practice guidelines on bicuspid aortic valve with dilated ascending aorta. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 107-10.PubMed Guntheroth WG. A critical review of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association practice guidelines on bicuspid aortic valve with dilated ascending aorta. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102: 107-10.PubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al.; 2006 Writing Committee Members;American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association Task Force. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2008; 2008(118): e523-661. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al.; 2006 Writing Committee Members;American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association Task Force. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2008; 2008(118): e523-661.
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Aalberts JJ, van den Berg MP, Bergman JE, et al. The many faces of aggressive aortic pathology: Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Neth Heart J 2008; 16: 299-304.PubMedCentralPubMed Aalberts JJ, van den Berg MP, Bergman JE, et al. The many faces of aggressive aortic pathology: Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Neth Heart J 2008; 16: 299-304.PubMedCentralPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Parish LM, Gorman JH 3rd, Kahn S, et al. Aortic size in acute type A dissection: implications for preventive ascending aortic replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 35: 941-5.PubMed Parish LM, Gorman JH 3rd, Kahn S, et al. Aortic size in acute type A dissection: implications for preventive ascending aortic replacement. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 35: 941-5.PubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamanaka K, Hori Y, Ikarashi J, et al. Durability of aortic valve preservation with root reconstruction for acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41: e32-6.PubMed Yamanaka K, Hori Y, Ikarashi J, et al. Durability of aortic valve preservation with root reconstruction for acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2012; 41: e32-6.PubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Orihashi K, Matsuura Y, Sueda T, et al. Aortic arch branches are no longer a blind zone for transesophageal echocardiography: a new eye for aortic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 120: 466-72.PubMed Orihashi K, Matsuura Y, Sueda T, et al. Aortic arch branches are no longer a blind zone for transesophageal echocardiography: a new eye for aortic surgeons. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 120: 466-72.PubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Nichols WW, Denardo SJ, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM, Cockcroft J, O’Rourke MF. Effects of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and wave reflections on the central aortic pressure waveform. J Clin Hypertens 2008; 10: 295-303. Nichols WW, Denardo SJ, Wilkinson IB, McEniery CM, Cockcroft J, O’Rourke MF. Effects of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, and wave reflections on the central aortic pressure waveform. J Clin Hypertens 2008; 10: 295-303.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Nichols WW, O’Rourke MF. Aortic pulse wave velocity, reflection site distance, and augmentation index. Hypertension 2009; 53: e9-10.PubMed Nichols WW, O’Rourke MF. Aortic pulse wave velocity, reflection site distance, and augmentation index. Hypertension 2009; 53: e9-10.PubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Mahajan A, Crowley R, Ho JK, et al. Imaging the ascending aorta and aortic arch using transesophageal echocardiography: the expanded aortic view. Echocardiogr 2008; 25: 408-13. Mahajan A, Crowley R, Ho JK, et al. Imaging the ascending aorta and aortic arch using transesophageal echocardiography: the expanded aortic view. Echocardiogr 2008; 25: 408-13.
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Glas KE, Swaminathan M, Reeves ST, et al. Guidelines for the performance of a comprehensive intraoperative epiaortic ultrasonographic examination: recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 1376-84.PubMed Glas KE, Swaminathan M, Reeves ST, et al. Guidelines for the performance of a comprehensive intraoperative epiaortic ultrasonographic examination: recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 1376-84.PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Demertzis S, Casso G, Torre T, Siclari F. Direct epiaortic ultrasound scanning for the rapid confirmation of intraoperative aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2008; 7: 725-6.PubMed Demertzis S, Casso G, Torre T, Siclari F. Direct epiaortic ultrasound scanning for the rapid confirmation of intraoperative aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2008; 7: 725-6.PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat van Zaane B, Nierich AP, Buhre WF, Brandon Bravo Bruinsma GJ, Moons KG. Resolving the blind spot of transoesophageal echocardiography: a new diagnostic device for visualizing the ascending aorta in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2007; 98: 434-41.PubMed van Zaane B, Nierich AP, Buhre WF, Brandon Bravo Bruinsma GJ, Moons KG. Resolving the blind spot of transoesophageal echocardiography: a new diagnostic device for visualizing the ascending aorta in cardiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2007; 98: 434-41.PubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat van Zaane B, Nierich AP, Brandon Bravo Bruinsma GJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of modified transoesophageal echocardiography for pre-incision assessment of aortic atherosclerosis in cardiac surgery patients. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105: 131-8. van Zaane B, Nierich AP, Brandon Bravo Bruinsma GJ, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of modified transoesophageal echocardiography for pre-incision assessment of aortic atherosclerosis in cardiac surgery patients. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105: 131-8.
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsagakis K, Pacini D, Di Bartolomeo R, et al. Arch replacement and downstream stent grafting in complex aortic dissection: first results of an international registry. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 39: 87-93.PubMed Tsagakis K, Pacini D, Di Bartolomeo R, et al. Arch replacement and downstream stent grafting in complex aortic dissection: first results of an international registry. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 39: 87-93.PubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Uchida N, Katayama A, Tamura K, Sutoh M, Kuraoka M, Ishihara H. Frozen elephant trunk technique and partial remodeling for acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 1066-71.PubMed Uchida N, Katayama A, Tamura K, Sutoh M, Kuraoka M, Ishihara H. Frozen elephant trunk technique and partial remodeling for acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 40: 1066-71.PubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Orihashi K, Sueda T, Okada K, Imai K. Detection and monitoring of complications associated with femoral or axillary arterial cannulation for surgical repair of aortic dissection. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 20: 20-5.PubMed Orihashi K, Sueda T, Okada K, Imai K. Detection and monitoring of complications associated with femoral or axillary arterial cannulation for surgical repair of aortic dissection. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006; 20: 20-5.PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Ayyash B, Tranquilli M, Elefteriades JA. Femoral artery cannulation for thoracic aortic surgery: safe under transesophageal echocardiographic control. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142: 1478-81.PubMed Ayyash B, Tranquilli M, Elefteriades JA. Femoral artery cannulation for thoracic aortic surgery: safe under transesophageal echocardiographic control. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 142: 1478-81.PubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Koschyk DH, Nienaber CA, Knap M, et al. How to guide stent-graft implantation in type B aortic dissection? Comparison of angiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 2005; 112: I260-4.PubMed Koschyk DH, Nienaber CA, Knap M, et al. How to guide stent-graft implantation in type B aortic dissection? Comparison of angiography, transesophageal echocardiography, and intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 2005; 112: I260-4.PubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Rocchi G, Lofiego C, Biagini E, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography-guided algorithm for stent-graft implantation in aortic dissection. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40: 880-5.PubMed Rocchi G, Lofiego C, Biagini E, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography-guided algorithm for stent-graft implantation in aortic dissection. J Vasc Surg 2004; 40: 880-5.PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Koullias GJ, Wheatley GH 3rd. State-of-the-art of hybrid procedures for the aortic arch: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90: 689-97.PubMed Koullias GJ, Wheatley GH 3rd. State-of-the-art of hybrid procedures for the aortic arch: a meta-analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90: 689-97.PubMed
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Antoniou GA, El Sakka K, Hamady M, Wolfe JH. Hybrid treatment of complex aortic arch disease with supra-aortic debranching and endovascular stent graft repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39: 683-90.PubMed Antoniou GA, El Sakka K, Hamady M, Wolfe JH. Hybrid treatment of complex aortic arch disease with supra-aortic debranching and endovascular stent graft repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010; 39: 683-90.PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery); American Society of Echocardiography: American Society of Nuclear Cardiology; Heart Rhythm Society; Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology; Society for Vascular Surgery; Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 685-712. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery); American Society of Echocardiography: American Society of Nuclear Cardiology; Heart Rhythm Society; Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists; Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology; Society for Vascular Surgery; Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and care for noncardiac surgery: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Anesth Analg 2008; 106: 685-712.
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Bauer SM, Cayne NS, Veith FJ. New developments in the preoperative evaluation and perioperative management of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51: 242-51.PubMed Bauer SM, Cayne NS, Veith FJ. New developments in the preoperative evaluation and perioperative management of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing vascular surgery. J Vasc Surg 2010; 51: 242-51.PubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Collins JS, Evangelista A, Nienaber CA, Bossone E, et al.; International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Differences in clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection in patients with and without previous cardiac surgery. Circulation 2004; 110: II237-42. Collins JS, Evangelista A, Nienaber CA, Bossone E, et al.; International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Differences in clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection in patients with and without previous cardiac surgery. Circulation 2004; 110: II237-42.
90.
Zurück zum Zitat European Society of Gynecology (ESG); Association for European Paediatric Cardiology (AEPC); German Society for Gender Medicine (DGesGM); Regitz-Zagrosek V, Blomstrom Lundqvist C, Borghi C, et al.; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 3147-97. European Society of Gynecology (ESG); Association for European Paediatric Cardiology (AEPC); German Society for Gender Medicine (DGesGM); Regitz-Zagrosek V, Blomstrom Lundqvist C, Borghi C, et al.; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC Guidelines on the management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy: the Task Force on the Management of Cardiovascular Diseases during Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2011; 32: 3147-97.
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Marella GL, Furnari C, Perfetti E, Arcudi G. Aortic dissection and cocaine use. J Forensic Leg Med 2011; 18: 329-31.PubMed Marella GL, Furnari C, Perfetti E, Arcudi G. Aortic dissection and cocaine use. J Forensic Leg Med 2011; 18: 329-31.PubMed
92.
Zurück zum Zitat He R, Guo DC, Sun W, et al. Characterization of the inflammatory cells in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms in patients with Marfan syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysms, and sporadic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136: 922-9.PubMedCentralPubMed He R, Guo DC, Sun W, et al. Characterization of the inflammatory cells in ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms in patients with Marfan syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysms, and sporadic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008; 136: 922-9.PubMedCentralPubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Callewaert B, Malfait F, Loeys B, De Paepe A. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and Marfan syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2008; 22: 165-89.PubMed Callewaert B, Malfait F, Loeys B, De Paepe A. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes and Marfan syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2008; 22: 165-89.PubMed
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Van Hemelrijk C, Renard M, Loeys B. The Loeys-Dietz syndrome: an update for the clinician. Curr Opin Cardiol 2010; 25: 546-51.PubMed Van Hemelrijk C, Renard M, Loeys B. The Loeys-Dietz syndrome: an update for the clinician. Curr Opin Cardiol 2010; 25: 546-51.PubMed
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Biner S, Rafique AM, Ray I, Cuk O, Siegel RJ, Tolstrup K. Aortopathy is prevalent in relatives of bicuspid aortic valve patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 2288-95.PubMedCentralPubMed Biner S, Rafique AM, Ray I, Cuk O, Siegel RJ, Tolstrup K. Aortopathy is prevalent in relatives of bicuspid aortic valve patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: 2288-95.PubMedCentralPubMed
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Siu SC, Silversides CK. Bicuspid aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 2789-800.PubMed Siu SC, Silversides CK. Bicuspid aortic valve disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 2789-800.PubMed
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Nesi G, Anichini C, Tozzini S, Boddi V, Calamai G, Gori F. Pathology of the thoracic aorta: a morphologic review of 338 surgical specimens over a 7-year period. Cardiovasc Pathol 2009; 18: 134-9.PubMed Nesi G, Anichini C, Tozzini S, Boddi V, Calamai G, Gori F. Pathology of the thoracic aorta: a morphologic review of 338 surgical specimens over a 7-year period. Cardiovasc Pathol 2009; 18: 134-9.PubMed
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Nollen GJ, Groenink M, Tijssen JG, Van Der Wall EE, Mulder BJ. Aortic stiffness and diameter predict progressive aortic dilatation in patients with Marfan syndrome. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1146-52.PubMed Nollen GJ, Groenink M, Tijssen JG, Van Der Wall EE, Mulder BJ. Aortic stiffness and diameter predict progressive aortic dilatation in patients with Marfan syndrome. Eur Heart J 2004; 25: 1146-52.PubMed
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Beller CJ, Gebhard MM, Karck M, Labrosse MR. Usefulness and limitations of computational models in aortic disease risk stratification. J Vasc Surg 2010; 52: 1572-9.PubMed Beller CJ, Gebhard MM, Karck M, Labrosse MR. Usefulness and limitations of computational models in aortic disease risk stratification. J Vasc Surg 2010; 52: 1572-9.PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Cozijnsen L, Braam RL, Waalewijn RA, et al. What is new in dilatation of the ascending aorta? Review of current literature and practical advice for the cardiologist. Circulation 2011; 123: 924-8.PubMed Cozijnsen L, Braam RL, Waalewijn RA, et al. What is new in dilatation of the ascending aorta? Review of current literature and practical advice for the cardiologist. Circulation 2011; 123: 924-8.PubMed
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Pape LA, Tsai TT, Isselbacher EM, et al. International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) Investigators. Aortic diameter > or = 5.5 cm is not a good predictor of type A aortic dissection: observations from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Circulation 2007; 116: 1120-7.PubMed Pape LA, Tsai TT, Isselbacher EM, et al. International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) Investigators. Aortic diameter > or = 5.5 cm is not a good predictor of type A aortic dissection: observations from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD). Circulation 2007; 116: 1120-7.PubMed
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Neri E, Barabesi L, Buklas D, et al. Limited role of aortic size in the genesis of acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 28: 857-63.PubMed Neri E, Barabesi L, Buklas D, et al. Limited role of aortic size in the genesis of acute type A aortic dissection. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2005; 28: 857-63.PubMed
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, et al.; Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2451-96.PubMed Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Andreotti F, et al.; Joint Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC); European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). Eur Heart J 2012; 33: 2451-96.PubMed
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Tadros TM, Klein MD, Shapira OM. Ascending aortic dilatation associated with bicuspid aortic valve: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical implications. Circulation 2009; 119: 880-90.PubMed Tadros TM, Klein MD, Shapira OM. Ascending aortic dilatation associated with bicuspid aortic valve: pathophysiology, molecular biology, and clinical implications. Circulation 2009; 119: 880-90.PubMed
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Etz CD, Zoli S, Brenner R, et al. When to operate on the bicuspid valve patient with a modestly dilated ascending aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90: 1884-90.PubMed Etz CD, Zoli S, Brenner R, et al. When to operate on the bicuspid valve patient with a modestly dilated ascending aorta. Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 90: 1884-90.PubMed
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Aalberts JJ, Waterbolk TW, van Tintelen JP, Hillege HL, Boonstra PW, van den Berg MP. Prophylactic aortic root surgery in patients with Marfan syndrome: 10 years’ experience with a protocol based on body surface area. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008; 34: 589-94.PubMed Aalberts JJ, Waterbolk TW, van Tintelen JP, Hillege HL, Boonstra PW, van den Berg MP. Prophylactic aortic root surgery in patients with Marfan syndrome: 10 years’ experience with a protocol based on body surface area. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008; 34: 589-94.PubMed
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Vitarelli A, Conde Y, Cimino E, et al. Aortic wall mechanics in the Marfan syndrome assessed by transesophageal tissue Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 571-7.PubMed Vitarelli A, Conde Y, Cimino E, et al. Aortic wall mechanics in the Marfan syndrome assessed by transesophageal tissue Doppler echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 571-7.PubMed
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumgartner D, Baumgartner C, Schermer E, et al. Different patterns of aortic wall elasticity in patients with Marfan syndrome: a noninvasive follow-up study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132: 811-9.PubMed Baumgartner D, Baumgartner C, Schermer E, et al. Different patterns of aortic wall elasticity in patients with Marfan syndrome: a noninvasive follow-up study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 132: 811-9.PubMed
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Boudoulas KD, Vlachopoulos C, Raman SV, et al. Aortic function: from the research laboratory to the clinic. Cardiology 2012; 121: 31-42.PubMed Boudoulas KD, Vlachopoulos C, Raman SV, et al. Aortic function: from the research laboratory to the clinic. Cardiology 2012; 121: 31-42.PubMed
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonini-Canterin F, Carerj S, Di Bello V, et al.; Research Group of the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Echography (SIEC). Arterial stiffness and ventricular stiffness: a couple of diseases or a coupling disease? A review from the cardiologist’s point of view. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009; 10: 36-43.PubMed Antonini-Canterin F, Carerj S, Di Bello V, et al.; Research Group of the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Echography (SIEC). Arterial stiffness and ventricular stiffness: a couple of diseases or a coupling disease? A review from the cardiologist’s point of view. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009; 10: 36-43.PubMed
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Cheung AT. An Evolving role of anesthesiologists in the management of thoracic aortic diseases. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 259-60.PubMed Cheung AT. An Evolving role of anesthesiologists in the management of thoracic aortic diseases. Anesth Analg 2010; 111: 259-60.PubMed
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Augoustides JG, Patel PA, Savino JS, Bavaria JE. The heart team approach to acute type A dissection: a new paradigm in the era of the integrated Penn classification and the Essen concept. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 43: 404-5.PubMed Augoustides JG, Patel PA, Savino JS, Bavaria JE. The heart team approach to acute type A dissection: a new paradigm in the era of the integrated Penn classification and the Essen concept. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 43: 404-5.PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Jakob H, Tsagakis K, Dohle DS, et al. Hybrid room technology as a prerequisite for the modern therapy of aortic dissection (German). Herz 2011; 36: 525-30.PubMed Jakob H, Tsagakis K, Dohle DS, et al. Hybrid room technology as a prerequisite for the modern therapy of aortic dissection (German). Herz 2011; 36: 525-30.PubMed
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Scohy TV, Geniets B, McGhie J, Bogers AJ. Feasibility of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in type A aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 11: 112-3.PubMed Scohy TV, Geniets B, McGhie J, Bogers AJ. Feasibility of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in type A aortic dissection. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2010; 11: 112-3.PubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Evangelista A, Aguilar R, Cuellar H, et al. Usefulness of real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of chronic aortic dissection. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011; 12: 272-7.PubMed Evangelista A, Aguilar R, Cuellar H, et al. Usefulness of real-time three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography in the assessment of chronic aortic dissection. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011; 12: 272-7.PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Sasaki S, Watanabe H, Shibayama K, et al. Three dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of coronary involvement in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26: 837-45.PubMed Sasaki S, Watanabe H, Shibayama K, et al. Three dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic evaluation of coronary involvement in patients with acute type A aortic dissection. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26: 837-45.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography for aortic dissection
verfasst von
Christine N. H. Tan, MBBS
Alan G. Fraser, MBChB
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2014
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie / Ausgabe 4/2014
Print ISSN: 0832-610X
Elektronische ISSN: 1496-8975
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-014-0113-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2014

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie 4/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Mehr Frauen im OP – weniger postoperative Komplikationen

21.05.2024 Allgemeine Chirurgie Nachrichten

Ein Frauenanteil von mindestens einem Drittel im ärztlichen Op.-Team war in einer großen retrospektiven Studie aus Kanada mit einer signifikanten Reduktion der postoperativen Morbidität assoziiert.

Delir bei kritisch Kranken – Antipsychotika versus Placebo

16.05.2024 Delir Nachrichten

Um die Langzeitfolgen eines Delirs bei kritisch Kranken zu mildern, wird vielerorts auf eine Akuttherapie mit Antipsychotika gesetzt. Eine US-amerikanische Forschungsgruppe äußert jetzt erhebliche Vorbehalte gegen dieses Vorgehen. Denn es gibt neue Daten zum Langzeiteffekt von Haloperidol bzw. Ziprasidon versus Placebo.

Eingreifen von Umstehenden rettet vor Erstickungstod

15.05.2024 Fremdkörperaspiration Nachrichten

Wer sich an einem Essensrest verschluckt und um Luft ringt, benötigt vor allem rasche Hilfe. Dass Umstehende nur in jedem zweiten Erstickungsnotfall bereit waren, diese zu leisten, ist das ernüchternde Ergebnis einer Beobachtungsstudie aus Japan. Doch es gibt auch eine gute Nachricht.

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.