Introduction
Methods
Ethic statement
Animals and treatment
Echocardiographic examinations
Right heart catheterization
Assessment of serum E2, BNP and right ventricular hypertrophy
Immunohistochemistry
Statistical analysis
Results
Animal basic characteristics and E2’s effects on mortality and hemodynamics
Control | MCT | MCT + E2 | MCT + vehicle | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weights | |||||
Baseline weight, g | 325.83 ± 5.17 | 338.33 ± 3.73 | 330.00 ± 2.84 | 324.17 ± 1.89 | 0.070 |
Terminal weight, g | 495.83 ± 16.11 | 432.67 ± 6.18* | 369.83 ± 14.60†‡ | 427.20 ± 10.37† | < 0.001 |
Weight gain,% | 51.83 ± 2.89 | 28.00 ± 2.33† | 12.00 ± 0.04†§ | 31.40 ± 3.20† | < 0.001 |
RV/BW, mg/g | 0.44 ± 0.16 | 1.41 ± 0.09† | 0.73 ± 0.05§ | 1.33 ± 0.11† | < 0.001 |
RV/LV + IVS | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.61 ± 0.02† | 0.36 ± 0.01§ | 0.63 ± 0.05† | < 0.001 |
Hemodynamics | |||||
RVSP, mmHg | 25.22 ± 0.85 | 63.58 ± 2.97† | 56.38 ± 1.05† | 62.46 ± 4.82† | < 0.001 |
mPAP, mmHg | 15.77 ± 0.52 | 35.29 ± 1.68† | 31.72 ± 0.51† | 36.78 ± 2.36† | < 0.001 |
RAP, mmHg | 4.93 ± 1.18 | 10.64 ± 0.28† | 10.36 ± 0.30† | 11.32 ± 1.68† | < 0.001 |
Serum parameters | |||||
E2 (pg/ml) | 5.55 ± 0.59 | 7.80 ± 0.68 | 14.07 ± 1.45†§ | 8.09 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 |
BNP (pg/ml) | 161.33 ± 15.04 | 727.33 ± 43.22† | 260.00 ± 18.22 | 759.40 ± 44.12† | < 0.001 |
E2 lessens RV morphologic changes in MCT-induced PAH rats
E2 attenuates MCT-induced RV enlargement
Control | MCT | MCT + E2 | MCT + vehicle | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 8) | (n = 5) | (n = 8) | (n = 6) | ||
RV morphology | |||||
RV basal diameter, mm | 3.88 ± 0.10 | 6.29 ± 0.23† | 4.42 ± 0.21§ | 6.20 ± 0.23† | < 0.001 |
RV mid diameter, mm | 3.38 ± 0.16 | 8.14 ± 0.34† | 3.80 ± 0.26§ | 7.64 ± 0.27† | < 0.001 |
RVD/LVD | 0.71 ± 0.02 | 1.36 ± 0.08† | 0.88 ± 0.06§ | 1.28 ± 0.06† | < 0.001 |
RV wall thickness, mm | 0.82 ± 0.05 | 2.02 ± 0.09† | 0.98 ± 0.04§ | 2.04 ± 0.05† | < 0.001 |
EI | 0.91 ± 0.07 | 1.57 ± 0.04† | 0.95 ± 0.04§ | 1.50 ± 0.06† | < 0.001 |
RV EDA indexed to BW (cm2/kg) | 0.74 ± 0.04 | 1.66 ± 0.07† | 1.01 ± 0.11§ | 1.59 ± 0.09† | < 0.001 |
RV ESA indexed to BW (cm2/kg) | 0.40 ± 0.03 | 1.34 ± 0.07† | 0.62 ± 0.09§ | 1.28 ± 0.06† | < 0.001 |
RA area indexed to BW (cm2/kg) | 0.35 ± 0.04 | 1.10 ± 0.06† | 0.58 ± 0.06§ | 1.08 ± 0.07† | < 0.001 |
RV function | |||||
Hemodynamic parameters | |||||
VTI, cm | 7.45 ± 0.43 | 2.61 ± 0.20† | 5.97 ± 0.20*§ | 2.76 ± 0.32† | < 0.001 |
CI, mL/min/kg | 202.70 ± 19.29 | 136.71 ± 9.27* | 247.36 ± 13.24§ | 130.98 ± 14.78* | < 0.001 |
Conventional parameters | |||||
TAPSE, mm | 3.11 ± 0.08 | 1.01 ± 0.07† | 2.69 ± 0.17§ | 1.07 ± 0.07† | < 0.001 |
RVFAC, % | 46.17 ± 1.71 | 21.73 ± 1.68† | 38.95 ± 1.96§ | 23.18 ± 2.32† | < 0.001 |
RIMP | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.87 ± 0.08† | 0.46 ± 0.06§ | 0.84 ± 0.07† | < 0.001 |
s′ | 6.85 ± 0.18 | 3.91 ± 0.25† | 6.04 ± 0.35§ | 3.96 ± 0.23† | < 0.001 |
STI parameters | |||||
RVLSFW (%) | |||||
Global | − 39.28 ± 1.13 | − 29.52 ± 1.61† | − 37.40 ± 1.55§ | − 27.98 ± 1.64† | < 0.001 |
Basal | − 40.67 ± 1.11 | − 30.50 ± 1.41* | − 37.50 ± 2.63 | − 29.00 ± 2.80† | 0.002 |
Mid | − 35.83 ± 1.31 | − 26.83 ± 2.31* | − 35.00 ± 2.11‡ | − 27.67 ± 1.17* | 0.002 |
Apical | − 42.50 ± 2.36 | − 30.67 ± 1.41† | − 40.17 ± 2.30‡ | − 28.17 ± 1.82† | < 0.001 |
RV LSF (%) | 15.18 ± 1.33 | 9.17 ± 0.80† | 14.28 ± 1.11§ | 9.25 ± 0.63† | < 0.001 |