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Journal of Endocrinological Investigation

Erschienen in:

01.02.2022 | Review

2021 update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy

verfasst von: E. J. Neag, T. J. Smith

Erschienen in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation | Ausgabe 2/2022

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Abstract

Purpose

Our understanding of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO, A.K.A Graves’ orbitopathy, thyroid eye disease) has advanced substantially, since one of us (TJS) wrote the 2010 update on TAO, appearing in this journal.

Methods

PubMed was searched for relevant articles.

Results

Recent insights have resulted from important studies conducted by many different laboratory groups around the World. A clearer understanding of autoimmune diseases in general and TAO specifically emerged from the use of improved research methodologies. Several key concepts have matured over the past decade. Among them, those arising from the refinement of mouse models of TAO, early stage investigation into restoring immune tolerance in Graves’ disease, and a hard-won acknowledgement that the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) might play a critical role in the development of TAO, stand out as important. The therapeutic inhibition of IGF-IR has blossomed into an effective and safe medical treatment. Teprotumumab, a β-arrestin biased agonist monoclonal antibody inhibitor of IGF-IR has been studied in two multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trials demonstrated both effectiveness and a promising safety profile in moderate-to-severe, active TAO. Those studies led to the approval by the US FDA of teprotumumab, currently marketed as Tepezza for TAO. We have also learned far more about the putative role that CD34⁺ fibrocytes and their derivatives, CD34⁺ orbital fibroblasts, play in TAO.

Conclusion

The past decade has been filled with substantial scientific advances that should provide the necessary springboard for continually accelerating discovery over the next 10 years and beyond.

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Titel: 2021 update on thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
verfasst von: E. J. Neag
T. J. Smith
Publikationsdatum: 01.02.2022
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Journal of Endocrinological Investigation / Ausgabe 2/2022
Elektronische ISSN: 1720-8386
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-021-01663-9

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