Background
Methods
Study area and source of data
Health system structure in Tanzania and the characteristics in the study area
Health and demographic surveillance system
Clinical surveillance system
Linkage of HDSS data with admission records (CSS)
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Statistical methods
Results
General cohort, N = 28,910 | Sick cohort, N = 703 | Discharge survivals, N = 661 | |
---|---|---|---|
Age in months | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
Infants | 3,119 (19) | 166 (24) | 158 (24) |
1–< 2 | 3,418 (21) | 161 (23) | 150 (23) |
2–< 3 | 3,143 (20) | 166 (23) | 152 (23) |
3–< 4 | 3,049 (19) | 127 (18) | 120 (18) |
4–< 5 | 3,446 (21) | 83 (12) | 81 (12) |
Mean | 30 | 27 | 27 |
Sex: Male | 8,076 (50 | 351 (50) | 326 (49) |
Female | 8,099 (50) | 352 (50) | 335 (51) |
District: | |||
Kilombero | 9,466 (59) | 389 (55) | 367 (56) |
Ulanga | 6,709 (42) | 314 (45) | 294 (44) |
Proximityb | |||
< 25 km | 2,657 (16) | 284 (40) | 267 (40) |
25–< 50 km | 5,095 (32) | 213 (30) | 202 (31) |
50–< 75 km | 3,940 (24) | 124 (18) | 116 (18) |
75 + km | 4,483 (28) | 82 (12) | 76 (11) |
Wealth quintilesa | |||
Poorest | 3,397 (21) | ||
Very poor | 3,235 (20) | ||
Poor | 3,397 (21) | ||
Less poor | 2,912 (18) | ||
Least poor | 3,235 (20) |
By admission status | Time at risk person years | No. of deaths | Rate (CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Admitted | 2,202.9 | 111 | 49.0 (40.6, 59.2) |
Not admitted | 55,677.8 | 1,273 | 22.9 (21.6, 24.2) |
By age in years | |||
< 1 | 11,106.0 | 800 | 72.0 (67.2, 77.2) |
1–< 2 | 12,199.5 | 283 | 23.2 (20.6, 26.1) |
2–< 3 | 11,847.7 | 146 | 12.2 (10.4, 14.4) |
3–< 4 | 11,629.2 | 77 | 6.5 (5.2, 8.2) |
4–< 5 | 11,098.3 | 78 | 6.9 (5.5, 8.7) |
By broad age categories | |||
1–4 | 46,774.7 | 581 | 12.5 (11.5, 13.5) |
0–4 | 57,880.0 | 1,384 | 23.9 (22.6, 25.2) |
Age in years | RR (95% CI) | χ2 | P value |
---|---|---|---|
< 1 | 1.3 | ||
1–< 2 | 2.7 (0.9, 1.8) | ||
2–< 3 | 3.9 (1.9, 3.9) | ||
3–< 4 | 3.7 (2.5, 6.1) | ||
4–< 5 | 1.5 (1.9, 7.4) | ||
1–4 | 3.3 (0.5, 4.9) | ||
0–4đ | 2.1 (2.5, 4.2) | ||
Overall estimate controlling for age | 1.9 (1.8, 2.6) | 49.4 | < 0.01 |
Approximate test for unequal RRs (effect modification) | 21.5 (1.6, 2.4) | < 0.01 |
Hazard ratio | P value | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|
Lived with both biological parents | 1.55 | 0.11 | 0.92, 2.65 |
Lived with biological father | 1.57 | 0.10 | 0.91, 2.69 |
Lived with biological mother | 1.06 | 0.87 | 0.53, 2.11 |
Was related to head of the household | 1.10 | 0.77 | 0.57, 2.15 |
Improper BMI on admission date | 1.21 | 0.52 | 0.68, 2.17 |
Socioeconomic status | |||
Least Poor householdsa | 1.00 | – | – |
Less poor households | 0.55 | 0.20 | 0.22, 1.37 |
Poor households | 1.04 | 0.93 | 0.48, 2.24 |
Very poor households | 1.13 | 0.76 | 0.52, 2.44 |
Poorest households | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.34, 2.29 |
Cause of admission | |||
Malariaa | 1.00 | – | – |
Anemia | 0.89 | 0.82 | 0.37, 2.22 |
Pneumonia | 1.20 | 0.74 | 0.41, 3.43 |
Diarrhoea | 0.57 | 0.39 | 0.16, 2.09 |
Others | 0.65 | 0.24 | 0.31, 1.34 |
Proximity | |||
< 25 kma | 1.00 | – | – |
25– < 50 km | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.43, 2.01 |
50– < 75 km | 1.48 | 0.32 | 0.68, 3.23 |
75 + km | 3.55 | < 0.01 | 1.77, 7.11 |