Background
The Welsh National Exercise Referral Scheme
Scheme inclusion criteria | Scheme exclusion criteria | Trial eligibility |
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The patient must be sedentary (defined as not moderately active for 3 or more times per week or deconditioned through age or inactivity), and have at least one of the following medical conditions:
CHD risk factors
• Raised blood pressure more than 140/90 (either) but less than 180/100 (either) • Weight management • BMI greater than 28 • Controlled diabetes • Impaired glucose tolerance • High cholesterol greater than 5.0 • Family history of heart disease or diabetes • Referral from Cardiac Rehabilitation Schemes (only from phase IV)
Mental health
• Mild anxiety, depression or stress
Musculoskeletal
• At risk of Osteoporosis • Arthritis (mild) • Poor mobility • Musculoskeletal pain including back pain
Neurological conditions
• Multiple sclerosis
Respiratory/pulmonary
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) - Mild/moderate well controlled (asthma, bronchitis, emphysema)
Other
• Smoker • Chronic fatigue | • Aged 16 or under • Unstable angina • Blood pressure 180/100 (in either) or above and/or uncontrolled or poorly controlled hypertension • Cardio myopathy • Uncontrolled tachycardia • Cardiac arrhythmia • Valvular heart disease • Congenital heart disease • Unexplained dizzy spells • Excessive or unexplained breathlessness on exertion • Uncontrolled or poorly controlled diabetes • Uncontrolled or poorly controlled epilepsy • History of falls or dizzy spells in the last 12 months • Uncontrolled or poorly controlled asthma (severe COPD) • First 12 weeks of pregnancy • Awaiting medical investigation • Aneurysms • Cerebro-vascular disease • Unstable/newly diagnosed angina (within 6 months) • Established coronary heart disease (including myocardial infarction) • Any other uncontrolled condition | The patient must be sedentary and have at least one of the following condition:
CHD risk factors
• raised blood pressure more than 140/90 (either) but less than 180/100 (either) • weight management • BMI greater than 28 • controlled diabetes • impaired glucose tolerance • high cholesterol greater than 5.0 • family history of heart disease or diabetes • referral from Cardiac Rehabilitation Scheme (only from phase IV) , and or
Mental health
• mild anxiety, depression or stress |
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Initial face to face consultation with EP on entry - lifestyle questionnaire, health check (resting heart rate, blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference), introduction to facilities, MI and goal setting
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Access to one to one exercise instruction and/or group exercise classes
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Discounted rate for exercise activities £1 per session.
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Four week telephone consultation with EP - review of goals and MI
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Sixteen week face to face consultation with EP - review of goals, MI, health check, lifestyle questionnaire, service evaluation questionnaire [23] and signposted to exit routes
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Range and cost of exit routes dependent on area
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8 months contact by phone to check progress
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12 months face to face review including Chester fitness step test [24].
Methods and Design
Study Design
Recruitment
Randomisation
Measures
Pre randomisation baseline measures
Outcomes at 12 months
- Minutes of weekly activity
- Anxiety and depression
Cost utility at 6 and 12 months
6 month intermediate measures for exploratory analysis
- Motivation to exercise
- Self-efficacy
- Social support
Variables from programme database
- Programme attendance
- Programme implementation fidelity
Data collection
Sample size
Data analysis
Nested process evaluation
Participants | Methods | Areas for investigation |
---|---|---|
Welsh Assembly Government representatives (n = 3) | Group interviews and email/telephone communication | Programme theory Programme diffusion and barriers and facilitators to implementation |
General Practices (n = 9) | Group interviews with primary care clinicians (GPs, practice nurses; practice managers) | Recruitment Uptake and reach |
All exercise co-ordinators (n = 12) | One to one telephone interviews | Fidelity and dose Programme diffusion and barriers and facilitators to implementation Recruitment Uptake and reach Trial experience and implementation |
All exercise professionals (n = 38) | One to one telephone interviews | Fidelity and dose Patient experiences - perceived impact and processes of change Uptake and reach Trial experience and implementation |
Patient interviews (n = 32 within 6 centres) | Group and one to one interviews with patients at varying stages of the scheme | Patient experiences - perceived impact and processes of change |
Exercise professionals (n = 23) | Recordings of at least one first consultation for all exercise professional and coding using Behaviour Change Counselling Index (BECCI; (Lane, Huws-Thomas et al. 2005). | Fidelity |
Routine monitoring data (1080 patients) | Secondary analyses | Fidelity and dose Uptake and reach |
Nested economic evaluation
Recruitment
Measure | % (N) |
---|---|
Reasons for referral
CHD CHD and Mental Health Mental Health | 72.2 (1,559) 24.2 (522) 3.7 (79) |
Gender
Female Male | 65.5 (1,415) 34.5 (745) |
GPPAQ
Inactive Moderately inactive Moderately active Active Missing | 58.6 (1,266) 15.3 (330) 15.8 (342) 8.2 (176) 2.1 (46) |
Employment
Retired Employed Housework Other Seeking work Student Missing | 31.9 (666) 30.8 (646) 19.1 (413) 13.1 (282) 3.2 (69) 1.9 (40) 2.0 (34) |
Education
> Minimum education | 52.1 (1,127) |
Marital status
Married/Partner Single Divorced/Separated Widowed Missing | 61.4 (1,326) 17.8 (384) 13.6 (293) 6.0 (129) 1.3 (28) |