Background
Methods
Aim, study design and participants
Intervention and control
Allocation and intervention delivery
Protecting against bias
Outcomes
Primary outcome
Secondary outcomes
Data collection
Sample size
Statistical analysis
Loss to follow up and missing data
Principal analysis
Additional analyses
Results
Recruitment, randomization, exclusions
Baseline characteristics
Control N = 289, %(n) | Intervention N = 289, %(n) | All participants N = 578, %(n) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | |||
mean (sd) | 21.4 (1.77) | 21.2 (1.75) | 21.3 (1.76) |
18–19 | 25.9 (75) | 32.5 (94) | 29.2 (169) |
20–24 | 74.0. (214) | 67.5 (195) | 70.8 (409) |
Marital status | |||
married | 40.5 (117) | 38.8 (112) | 39.6 (229) |
not-married | 59.5 (172) | 61.3 (177) | 60.4 (349) |
Number of children | |||
0 | 72.3 (209) | 79.6 (230) | 75 (439) |
1 | 16.3 (47) | 10.7 (31) | 13.5 (78) |
2 or more | 11.4 (33) | 9.7 (28) | 10.6 (61) |
Residence | |||
city | 46.7 (135) | 47.8 (138) | 47.2 (273) |
village | 48.1 (139) | 46.7 (135) | 47.4 (274) |
camp | 4.2 (12) | 4.8 (14) | 4.5 (26) |
Bedouin community | 1 (3) | 0.7 (2) | 0.9 (5) |
Occupation | |||
schoola | 1.7 (5) | 0.4 (1) | 1.0 (6) |
university | 48.4 (140) | 52.6 (152) | 44.6 (258) |
working | 5.2 (15) | 3.5 (10) | 4.3 (25) |
training | 14.9 (43) | 15.9 (46) | 15.2 (88) |
parent | 22.5 (65) | 20.1 (58) | 20.6 (119) |
not working | 5.9 (17) | 6.6 (19) | 6.2 (36) |
university and working | 0.4 (1) | 0.4 (1) | 0.4 (2) |
university and parent | 0.7 (2) | – | 0.4 (2) |
school and parent | 0.4 (1) | 0.4 (1) | 0.4 (2) |
working, training and parent | – | 0.4 (1) | 0.2 (1) |
Highest level of education completed | |||
primary | 0.7 (2) | 0.7 (2) | 0.7 (4) |
secondary | 22.8 (66) | 21.1 (61) | 22 (127) |
university | 66.1 (191) | 66.4 (192) | 66.3 (383) |
technical | 10.4 (30) | 11.8 (34) | 11.1 (64) |
Current pregnancy intention (“Do you want a pregnancy now?”) | |||
yes | 16.3 (47) | 20.1 (58) | 18.2 (105) |
no | 25.6 (74) | 24.6 (71) | 25.1 (145) |
unsure | 4.2 (12) | 1.4 (4) | 2.8 (16) |
not marriedb | 53 (156) | 53 (156) | 53 (312) |
Baseline method | |||
none | 39.5 (114) | 41.5 (120) | 40.5 (234) |
male condom | 0.7 (2) | 0.7 (2) | 0.7 (4) |
not marriedb | 53.6 (155) | 54.3 (157) | 53 (312) |
calendar | 1.0 (3) | 0.4 (1) | 0.7 (4) |
LAM | 3.1 (9) | 1.4 (4) | 2.3 (13) |
withdrawal | 2.1 (6) | 1.4 (4) | 1.7 (10) |
other | – | 0.4 (1) | 0.2 (1) |
At least one effective method is acceptable | |||
yes | 10.4 (30) | 5.9 (17) | 8.1 (47) |
no | 89.6 (259) | 94.1 (272) | 91.9 (531) |
Pill acceptability | |||
yes | 3.8 (11) | 3.1 (9) | 3.5 (20) |
no | 96.2 (278) | 96.9 (280) | 96.5 (558) |
IUD acceptability | |||
yes | 4.5 (13) | 1.7 (5) | 3.1 (18) |
no | 95.5 (276) | 98.3 (284) | 96.9 (560) |
Injection acceptability | |||
yes | 1.4 (4) | 1.4 (4) | 1.4 (8) |
no | 98.6 (285) | 98.6 (285) | 98.6 (570) |
Implant acceptability | |||
yes | 3.1 (9) | 1.7 (5) | 2.4 (14) |
no | 96.9 (280) | 98.3 (284) | 97.6 (564) |
Patch acceptability | |||
yes | 0.7 (2) | 0.4 (1) | 0.5 (3) |
no | 99.3 (287) | 99.7 (288) | 99.5 (575) |
Loss to follow up
Outcomes
Control N = 235, % (n) | Intervention N = 229, % (n) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
At least one effective method is acceptablea | 17 (40) | 31 (71) | 2.34 (1.48–3.68); absolute risk difference = 14% (0.06–0.22) | < 0.001 |
Use of effective contraceptiona | 8.5 (20) | 8.7 (20) | 1.42 (0.66–3.07) | 0.37 |
Pill acceptabilityb | 4.7 (11) | 6.1 (14) | 1.39 (0.61–3.16) | 0.44 |
IUD acceptabilityb | 6.4 (15) | 14 (32) | 2.76 (1.41–5.40) | 0.003 |
Injection acceptabilityb | 1.7 (4) | 5.7 (13) | 3.16 (0.99–10.08) | 0.05 |
Implant acceptabilityb | 5.5 (13) | 11.8 (27) | 2.46 (1.19–5.07) | 0.02 |
Patch acceptabilityb | 2.6 (6) | 10 (23) | 4.17 (1.63–10.64) | 0.003 |
LARC acceptabilityb | 11.9 (28) | 23.1 (53) | 2.49 (1.48–4.18) | 0.001 |
Any effective contraceptive use during the 4 monthsa | 8.1 (19) | 10 (23) | 1.95 (0.90–4.25) | 0.09 |
Service uptakea (attended a service one or more times) | 37 (87) | 42.8 (98) | 1.38 (0.94–2.04) | 0.10 |
Unintended pregnancya | 3.1 (9/289) | 2.4 (7/289) | 0.75 (0.27–2.10) | 0.59 |
Induced abortiona | 2.6 (6) | 1.3 (3) | 0.47 (0.11–1.95) | 0.30 |
Control N = 235, % (n) | Intervention N = 229, % (n) | Proportional ORa (95% CI), p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Knowledge of effective contraception | Mean = 2.13 (sd = 1.42) | Mean = 2.63 (sd = 1.66) | 0.50 b (0.22–0.78), 0.001 |
My friends would use the pill, IUD, injection or implant if they wanted to prevent pregnancy | |||
strongly disagree | 0.9 (2) | 0.4 (1) | 1.46 (1.00–2.13), 0.05 |
disagree | 9.4 (22) | 5.7 (13) | |
not sure | 21.7 (51) | 17 (39) | |
agree | 62.1 (146) | 70.7 (162) | |
strongly agree | 6 (14) | 6.1 (14) | |
My friends would talk to their husband about contraception if they wanted to prevent a pregnancy | |||
strongly disagree | – | – | 0.92 (0.63–1.34), 0.66 |
disagree | 2.6 (6) | 2.6 (6) | |
not sure | 18.3 (43) | 19.7 (45) | |
agree | 66.4 (156) | 65.9 (151) | |
strongly agree | 12.8 (30) | 11.8 (27) | |
If you wanted to use the pill, IUD, injection or implant, how easy would it be for you to use it? | |||
very difficult | 0.9 (2) | 1.3 (3) | 1.26 (0.89–1.78), 0.19 |
difficult | 9.8 (23) | 8.7 (20) | |
not sure | 48.9 (115) | 41.1 (94) | |
easy | 35.3 (83) | 46.3 (106) | |
very easy | 5.1 (12) | 2.6 (6) | |
If you wanted to talk to your husband about contraception, how easy would it be for you to talk to him? | |||
very difficult | 1.3 (3) | 1.8 (4) | 0.83 (0.59–1.17), 0.29 |
difficult | 7.2 (17) | 9.6 (22) | |
not sure | 17.9 (42) | 17.5 (40) | |
easy | 51.5 (121) | 52.8 (121) | |
very easy | 22.1 (52) | 18.3 (42) | |
If you wanted to use the pill, IUD, injection or implant, how certain are you that you could use it? | |||
very certain I could not | 1.3 (3) | 0.9 (2) | 1.19 (0.84–1.68), 0.33 |
certain I could not | 4.7 (11) | 4.4 (10) | |
not sure | 43.4 (102) | 39.7 (91) | |
certain I could | 43.8 (103) | 47.2 (108) | |
very certain I could | 6.8 (16) | 7.9 (18) | |
If you wanted to talk to your husband about contraception, how certain are you that you could talk to him? | |||
very certain I could not | – | – | 1.05 (0.73–1.50), 0.80 |
certain I could not | 2.6 (6) | 3.5 (8) | |
not sure | 18.7 (44) | 11.8 (27) | |
certain I could | 53.6 (126) | 63.3 (145) | |
very certain I could | 25.1 (59) | 21.4 (49) | |
I intend to use the pill, IUD, injection, implant or patch | |||
strongly disagree | 2.1 (5) | 2.6 (6) | 1.85 (1.29–2.65), 0.001 |
disagree | 13.6 (32) | 4.4 (10) | |
not sure | 24.7 (58) | 18.3 (42) | |
agree | 51.1 (120) | 63.8 (146) | |
strongly agree | 8.5 (20) | 10.9 (25) | |
Number of messages read | |||
all | 62.9 (144) | ||
most | 21.8 (50) | ||
some | 11.4 (26) | ||
none | 3.9 (9) | ||
Proportion of intervention participants that stopped the intervention | 3.9 (9) |