Background
Methods
Design and subjects
Variables
Statistics
Results
Total (n = 342) | UEFA (n = 18) | 1st(n = 78) | 2nd(n = 91) | 3rd(n = 155) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MR (n = 157) | AR (n = 185) | MR (n = 6) | AR (n = 12) | MR (n = 31) | AR (n = 47) | MR (n = 45) | AR (n = 46) | MR (n = 75) | AR (n = 80) | ||
M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | ||
Age (years) | 31.4 ± 4.88 | 34.11 ± 5.08 | 34.67 ± 2.5 | 38.25 ± 4.45 | 33.65 ± 4.46 | 35.8 ± 4.15* | 30.59 ± 4.42 | 31.98 ± 4.97 | 30.88 ± 5.16¥
| 33.71 ± 5.11*¥
| |
Experience (years) | 10.79 ± 3.26 | 12.52 ± 3.43* | 17 ± 2.28 | 17 ± 2.98 | 13.24 ± 2.57 | 14.33 ± 2.62 | 9.47 ± 2.87 | 11.31 ± 3.82* | 10.15 ± 2.71¥
| 11.4 ± 2.54*¥
| |
BH (cm) | 183.4 ± 5.75 | 181.41 ± 6.23* | 181 ± 3.52 | 183.17 ± 8.11 | 185.69 ± 6.07 | 182.78 ± 6.28* | 183.6 ± 5.08 | 180.4 ± 5.69* | 182.59 ± 5.96 | 180.91 ± 6.158 | |
BM (kg) | 83.44 ± 7.24 | 82.04 ± 7.45 | 81.5 ± 2.35 | 81.5 ± 7.45 | 85.93 ± 7.46 | 83.89 ± 7.09 | 82.06 ± 7.35 | 79.49 ± 7.04 | 83.47 ± 7.19 | 82.5 ± 7.62¥
| |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.77 ± 1.35 | 24.9 ± 1.44 | 24.88 ± 0.42 | 24.28 ± 1.37 | 24.88 ± 1.23 | 25.07 ± 0.95 | 24.31 ± 1.45 | 24.41 ± 1.71 | 25 ± 1.32 | 25.17 ± 1.46¥
|
Last match | Last year | During fitness testing | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f (%) | 95% CI | f (%) | 95% CI | f (%) | 95% CI | |
MR | 29 (18) | 0.13–0.25 | 46(29)* | 0.23–0.37 | 21(13) | 0.05–0.14 |
AR | 31 (17) | 0.12–0.22 | 55(30)* | 0.23–0.37 | 35(19)* | 0.14–0.25 |
UEFA MR | 0(0) | - | 3(50) | 0.19–0.81 | 0(0) | - |
UEFA AR | 0(0) | - | 1(8) | 0.01–0.35 | 3(25) | 0.09–0.53 |
1st MR | 8(26) | 0.13–0.43 | 12(39) | 0.24–0.56 | 7(23) | 0.11–0.40 |
1st AR | 11(23) | 0.13–0.37 | 21(45) | 0.31–0.58 | 17(36) | 0.24–0.50 |
2nd MR | 8(17) | 0.01–0.31 | 17(38) | 0.25–0.52 | 8(18) | 0.09–0.31 |
2nd AR | 8(17) | 0.09–0.30 | 14(30) | 0.19–0.45 | 9(20) | 0.10–0.33 |
3rd MR | 13(17) | 0.10–0.27 | 14(19) | 0.11–0.29 | 6(8) | 0.04–0.16 |
3rd AR | 12(15) | 0.12–0.29 | 19(24) | 0.16–0.34 | 6(8) | 0.03–0.15 |
Total (n = 342) | UEFA (n = 18) | 1st(n = 78) | 2nd(n = 91) | 3rd(n = 155) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | |
Last match (injured) | n = 29 | n = 0 | n = 8 | n = 8 | n = 13 |
Recovery (days) | 36.5 ± 43.42 | 30.38 ± 29.14 | 52.5 ± 45.17 | 33.11 ± 55.91 | |
No training (days) | 36.38 ± 48.47 | 21.43 ± 18.49 | 39 ± 32.86 | 46.73 ± 66.62 | |
No refereeing (days) | 58.38 ± 64.11 | 42.33 ± 42.85 | 54.67 ± 57.14 | 74.67 ± 83.96 | |
Last year (injured) | n = 46 | n = 3 | n = 12 | n = 17 | n = 14 |
Recovery (days) | 53.55 ± 73.43 | 76 ± 90.16 | 73.4 ± 104.73 | 51.63 ± 68.5 | 35.46 ± 46.5 |
No training (days) | 35.35 ± 35.31 | 17.5 ± 4.95 | 34.5 ± 22.48 | 38.46 ± 34.49 | 35.5 ± 44.96 |
No refereeing (days) | 42.59 ± 48.67 | 20.5 ± 0.71 | 20.4 ± 8.76 | 36.11 ± 35.99 | 78.17 ± 74.38 |
Fitness testing (injured) | n = 21 | n = 0 | n = 7 | n = 8 | n = 6 |
Recovery (days) | 39.94 ± 57.69 | 36.57 ± 28.56 | 59 ± 101.29 | 22 ± 16.37 | |
No training (days) | 32.25 ± 25.73 | 31.33 ± 22.37 | 37.67 ± 32.21 | 25.5 ± 25.04 | |
No refereeing (days) | 43.11 ± 47.13 | 41 ± 33.53 | 22.33 ± 13.28 | 78.5 ± 101.12 |
Total (n = 342) | UEFA (n = 18) | 1st(n = 78) | 2nd(n = 91) | 3rd(n = 155) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | M ± SD | |
Last match (injured) | n = 31 | n = 0 | n = 11 | n = 8 | n = 12 |
Recovery (days) | 54.91 ± 57.96 | 43.43 ± 40.41 | 29.83 ± 30.31 | 80.56 ± 75.45 | |
No training (days) | 41.64 ± 53.23 | 33.67 ± 30.21 | 44.5 ± 57.23 | 44.75 ± 67.08 | |
No refereeing (days) | 78.33 ± 102.61 | 66.6 ± 64.67 | 104 ± 174.27 | 71 ± 84.76 | |
Last year (injured) | n = 55 | n = 1 | n = 21 | n = 14 | n = 19 |
Recovery (days) | 48.5 ± 87.19 | 6 ± 0 | 75 ± 119.55 | 37.75 ± 50.07 | 12.43 ± 9.9 |
No training (days) | 36.85 ± 56.88 | 6 ± 0 | 49.15 ± 78.83 | 45.2 ± 50.5 | 15.6 ± 11.06 |
No refereeing (days) | 45.87 ± 74.26 | 37.09 ± 29.84 | 87.33 ± 139.27 | 20.5 ± 9.01 | |
Fitness testing (injured) | n = 35 | n = 3 | n = 17 | n = 9 | n = 6 |
Recovery (days) | 44.86 ± 91.31 | 13.67 ± 7.51 | 69.6 ± 120.7 | 13.83 ± 12.86 | 22 ± 9.24 |
No training (days) | 26.75 ± 34.13 | 10.33 ± 6.35 | 26 ± 20.21 | 40.14 ± 62.61 | 18.25 ± 7.85 |
No refereeing (days) | 48.74 ± 49.95 | 24.5 ± 14.85 | 59.44 ± 50.15 | 55.4 ± 70.36 | 21.67 ± 8.02 |
Total n = 342 | MR n = 157 | AR n = 185 | UEFA n = 18 | 1stn = 78 | 2ndn = 91 | 3rdn = 155 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | |
Last match (n = 67 injuries) | |||||||
Elbow | 1 (1) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(4) |
Lower back | 4 (6) | 0(0) | 4(11) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 1(6) | 2(8) |
Abdominal, hip and groin area | 10(14) | 4(13) | 6(17) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 5(28) | 4(16) |
Thigh | 5 (7) | 2(7) | 3(8) | 0(0) | 2(9) | 2(11) | 1(4) |
Knee | 10 (15) | 4(14) | 6(16) | 0(0) | 3(13) | 3(17) | 4(15) |
Lower leg | 9 (13) | 2(7) | 7(19) | 0(0) | 4(17) | 0(0) | 5(19) |
Achilles tendon | 17 (25) | 8(28) | 9(24) | 0(0) | 6(26) | 6(33) | 5(19) |
Ankle and foot | 11 (16) | 9(31) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 6(26) | 1(6) | 4(15) |
Last 12 months (n = 120 injuries) | |||||||
Head | 1 (1) | 1(2) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(3) |
Shoulder | 3 (3) | 0(0) | 3(5) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 1(2) | 1(3) |
Lower back | 14 (12) | 4(7) | 10(17) | 0(0) | 4(11) | 7(16) | 3(9) |
Abdominal, hip and groin area | 17 (14) | 9(14) | 8(13) | 2(34) | 0(0) | 7(14) | 5(15) |
Thigh | 10 (8) | 8(13) | 2(3) | 1(17) | 4(11) | 3(7) | 2(6) |
Knee | 15 (13) | 8(13) | 7(12) | 0(0) | 2(5) | 9(20) | 4(12) |
Lower leg | 21 (18) | 5(8) | 16(27) | 2(33) | 5(14) | 5(11) | 9(27) |
Achilles tendon | 22 (18) | 15(25) | 7(12) | 1(17) | 12(32) | 6(14) | 3(9) |
Ankle and foot | 17 (14) | 11(18) | 6(10) | 0(0) | 6(16) | 6(13) | 5(15) |
During fitness testing (n = 57 injuries) | |||||||
Head | 3 (5) | 0(0) | 3(9) | 0(0) | 2(8) | 1(6) | 0(0) |
Lower back | 4 (7) | 2(10) | 2(6) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 2(12) | 1(8) |
Abdominal, hip and groin area | 13 (23) | 4(20) | 9(26) | 2(22) | 4(17) | 5(30) | 2(16) |
Thigh | 15 (26) | 8(38) | 7(20) | 1(11) | 8(33) | 3(18) | 3(25) |
Knee | 4 (7) | 1(5) | 3(9) | 0(0) | 2(8) | 1(6) | 1(8) |
Lower leg | 8 (15) | 2(10) | 6(17) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 4(24) | 3(25) |
Achilles tendon | 8 (14) | 3(14) | 5(14) | 0(0) | 6(25) | 1(6) | 1(8) |
Ankle | 1 (2) | 1(5) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(8) |
Total n = 342 | MR n = 159 | AR n = 183 | UEFA n = 18 | 1stn = 78 | 2ndn = 91 | 3rdn = 155 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | f (%) | |
Last match (n = 65 injuries) | |||||||
Fracture | 1 (2) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(4) |
Dislocation | 1 (2) | 0(0) | 1(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(5) | 0(0) |
Sprain | 8 (12) | 7(22) | 1(0) | 0(0) | 3(9) | 1(5) | 4(17) |
Ligament injury | 8 (12) | 4(13) | 4(0) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 3(15) | 4(17) |
Lesion of meniscus or cartilage | 5 (8) | 2(6) | 3(0) | 0(0) | 2(6) | 1(5) | 2(8) |
Muscle rupture/tear | 4 (6) | 2(6) | 2(0) | 0(0) | 2(6) | 1(5) | 1(4) |
Muscle strain | 11 (17) | 3(9) | 8(0) | 0(0) | 5(16) | 2(10) | 4(17) |
Tendon injury/strain | 16 (25) | 10(31) | 6(0) | 0(0) | 2(6) | 8(40) | 6(25) |
Tendinitis/bursitis | 8 (12) | 4(13) | 4(0) | 0(0) | 5(16) | 1(5) | 2(8) |
Contusion/hematoma | 2 (3) | 0(0) | 1(0) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 1(5) | 0(0) |
Laceration | 1 (2) | 0(0) | 1(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(5) | 0(0) |
Last 12 months (n = 110 injuries) | |||||||
Concussion | 1 (1) | 0(0) | 1(2) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(3) |
Fracture | 1 (1) | 0(0) | 1(2) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
Dislocation | 3 (3) | 1(2) | 2(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(2) | 2(6) |
Sprain | 12 (10) | 8(15) | 4(6) | 0(0) | 3(8) | 4(10) | 5(14) |
Ligament injury | 9 (7) | 2(4) | 7(11) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 4(10) | 4(11) |
Lesion of meniscus or cartilage | 7 (6) | 4(7) | 3(5) | 0(0) | 2(5) | 2(5) | 3(9) |
Muscle rupture/tear | 9 (8) | 5(9) | 4(6) | 2(33) | 3(8) | 2(5) | 2(6) |
Muscle strain | 32 (29) | 11(20) | 21(33) | 2(33) | 10(27) | 12(29) | 8(23) |
Tendon injury/strain | 20 (18) | 15(27) | 5(8) | 2(33) | 6(16) | 8(20) | 4(11) |
Tendinitis/bursitis | 18 (16) | 8(15) | 10(16) | 0(0) | 8(22) | 6(15) | 4(11) |
Contusion/hematoma | 3 (3) | 1(2) | 2(3) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 2(5) | 1(3) |
Nerve injury | 3 (3) | 0(0) | 3(5) | 0(0) | 2(5) | 0(0) | 1(3) |
During fitness testing (n = 56 injuries) | |||||||
Concussion | 1 (2) | 0(0) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
Dizziness | 2 (4) | 0(0) | 2(6) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 1(6) | 0(0) |
Fracture | 1 (2) | 1(5) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
Sprain | 1 (2) | 1(5) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(8) |
Lesion of meniscus or cartilage | 2 (4) | 1(5) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 2(8) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
Muscle rupture/tear | 3 (5) | 1(5) | 2(6) | 0(0) | 1(4) | 2(12) | 0(0) |
Muscle strain | 33 (59) | 13(59) | 20(59) | 3(100) | 12(50) | 11(65) | 7(58) |
Tendon injury/strain | 3 (5) | 2(9) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 2(8) | 1(6) | 0(0) |
Tendinitis/bursitis | 6 (11) | 1(5) | 5(15) | 0(0) | 4(17) | 0(0) | 2(17) |
Contusion/hematoma | 2 (4) | 1(5) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(6) | 1(8) |
Nerve injury | 2 (4) | 1(5) | 1(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) | 1(6) | 1(8) |
Total | UEFA | 1stleague | 2ndleague | 3rdleague | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | Mean (95% CI) | |
Match referees | 5.29 (2.23–8.30) | 3.85 (-0.93–8.33) | 12.21 (-0.71–25.09) | 6.24 (1.48–10.99) | 1.90 (0.47–3.34) |
Assistant referees | 4.58 (2.63–6.54) | 2.01 (-3.72–6.52) | 8.37 (3.27–13.46) | 5.42 (-0.54–11.39) | 2.11 (0.79–3.43) |
TOTAL | 4.92 (3.17–6.69) | 3.33 (-0.44–7.11) | 9.90 (4.14–15.66) | 5.89 (2.33–9.45) | 2.00 (1.05–2.96) |