Background
Methods
Design and sample
Randomisation and blinding
Interventions
Standard dietary advice booklet
Weekly text messages
Attentive eating application
Outcomes
Primary outcomes
Secondary outcomes
Additional outcomes
Other measures and participant characteristics
Procedure
Statistical analyses
Intervention adherence
Results
Sample
Intervention group mean (SD/%) n = 53 | Control group mean (SD/%) n = 54 | |
---|---|---|
Age (y) | 42.8 (10.5) | 44.5 (10.7) |
Gender (% female) | 77.4 | 70.4 |
Ethnicity | ||
White | 49 (92.5%) | 51 (94.4%) |
Mixed/Multiple | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (1.9%) |
Asian/Asian British | 3 (5.7%) | 2 (3.7%) |
Black/Black British | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Other | 0 (0.0%) | (0 (0.0%) |
Education levelc | ||
Entry level or equivalent | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.4%) |
GCSE’s or equivalent | 9 (17.0%) | 8 (14.8%) |
A/AS level or equivalent | 12 (22.6%) | 8 (14.8%) |
Undergraduate degree or equivalent | 20 (37.7%) | 18 (33.3%) |
Higher degree or equivalent | 9 (17.0%) | 15 (27.8%) |
Other | 3 (5.7%) | 1 (1.9%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 35.9 (6.8) | 35.2 (6.2) |
Weight at baseline (kg) | 100.5 (20.4) | 100.0 (17.6) |
Body fat at baseline (%) | 42.6 (8.0) | 40.9 (8.2) |
Self-reported energy intake at baseline (kcal) | 2047.9 (696.6) | 1944.0 (942.3) |
Taste-test energy intake at baseline (kcal) | 120.8 (105.0) | 107.4 (101.8) |
Ideal portion size (kcal) | 455.7 (115.8) | 459.1 (153.0) |
Cognitive restrainta | 2.3 (0.5) | 2.3 (0.4) |
Uncontrolled eatinga | 2.6 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.5) |
Emotional eating a | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.7) |
Binge eatinga | 16.6 (7.6) | 16.5 (7.5) |
Reliance on hunger and satiety (intuitive eating)a | 2.6 (0.7) | 2.8 (0.8) |
Food cravingsa | 72.9 (23.0) | 71.3 (23.4) |
MET minutes per weekb | 2473.2 (1793.0) | 3431.9 (2683.8) |
Application usage
Primary and secondary outcomes
Intervention group mean (SD) (n = 53) | Control group mean (SD) (n = 54) | B (95% CI) |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcomes | ||||
Weight change 8 weeks (kg) | − 1.2 (3.1) | −1.1 (3.4) | − 0.1 (− 1.6, 1.3) | 0.89 |
Self-reported energy intake change at 4 weeks (kcal) | − 396.0 (695.4) | − 326.9 (985.2) | 3.7 (− 257.5, 264.9) | 0.98 |
Self-reported energy intake change at 8 weeks (kcal) | − 216.5 (844.8) | − 223.9 (1017.2) | 74.9 (− 273.4, 423.3) | 0.67 |
Taste-test energy intake change at 4 weeks (kcal) | 3.0 (75.8) | 21.9 (87.8) | −23.7 (− 56.2, 8.9) | 0.15 |
Taste-test energy intake change at 8 weeks (kcal) | 41.4 (86.7) | 17.7 (95.4) | 25.1 (− 12.1, 62.3) | 0.19 |
Secondary outcomes | ||||
Weight change at 4 weeks (kg) | − 0.7 (2.1) | −0.7 (2.2) | − 0.1 (− 1.0, 0.8) | 0.88 |
Body fat change at 4 weeks (%) | 0.1 (2.3) | −0.5 (2.0) | 0.6 (− 0.4, 1.5) | 0.24 |
Body fat change at 8 weeks (%) | −0.4 (1.8) | − 0.5 (2.0) | 0.1 (− 0.7, 0.9) | 0.81 |
Additional outcomes
Sensitivity analyses
Intervention adherence analyses
Intervention group mean (SD) (n = 27) | Control group mean (SD) (n = 45) | B (95% CI) | Beta |
p
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | |||||
Weight at baseline (kg) | 95.2 (22.2) | 100.4 (17.8) | |||
Body fat at baseline (%) | 41.5 (9.0) | 40.3 (8.5) | |||
Self-reported energy intake at baseline (kcal) | 1968.2 (646.6) | 2042.6 (981.5) | |||
Taste-test energy intake at baseline (kcal) | 121.3 (97.5) | 106.4 (93.8) | |||
Primary outcomes | |||||
Weight change at 8 weeks (kg) | − 1.2 (2.2) | − 1.1 (3.0) | − 0.3 (− 1.6, 1.1) | −0.01 | 0.71 |
Self-reported energy intake change at 4 weeks (kcal) | − 322.2 (513.6) | − 406.8 (989.8) | 27.3 (− 220.4, 275.0) | 0.03 | 0.83 |
Self-reported energy intake change at 8 weeks (kcal) | − 220.9 (681.7) | − 300.0 (989.8) | 25.7 (− 297.8, 349.2) | 0.02 | 0.87 |
Taste-test energy intake change at 4 weeks (kcal) | − 1.3 (75.5) | 14.4 (85.6) | −19.5 (−57.1, 18.2) | −0.1 | 0.31 |
Taste-test energy intake change at 8 weeks (kcal) | 38.6 (71.8) | 12.3 (90.3) | 29.6 (−8.6, 67.7) | 0.1 | 0.13 |
Secondary outcomes | |||||
Weight change at 4 weeks (kg) | −0.8 (1.2) | −0.7 (2.0) | − 0.2 (−1.0, 0.7) | −0.004 | 0.69 |
Body fat change at 4 weeks (%) | 0.2 (2.2) | −0.5 (1.6) | 0.7 (− 0.2, 1.6) | 0.04 | 0.12 |
Body fat change at 8 weeks (%) | − 0.2 (1.3) | −0.4 (1.8) | 0.1 (− 0.7, 0.9) | 0.01 | 0.75 |